what is the unit of time not based on a heavenly body

Answer:

B. 120 kgm/s

Explanation:

The initial momentum of the system is zero since the boy and the girl are at rest. When they push each other apart, the total momentum of the system remains conserved. Since the girl moves in a negative direction, the boy must move in the positive direction with the same momentum to keep the total momentum of the system zero.

Let's assume the final momentum of the boy is p. According to the law of conservation of momentum,

(initial momentum) = (final momentum)

0 = p + (-40 kg)(-3 m/s)

0 = p + 120 kg m/s

p = -120 kg m/s

Therefore, the final momentum of the boy must be 120 kg m/s in the positive direction, which is answer choice B.

Ans

According to the law of conservation of momentum, the total momentum of the system before and after the interaction must be equal. Initially, the momentum of the system is zero since the boy and the girl are at rest. When they push each other, the girl moves in the negative direction with a speed of 3 m/s. Let's assume that the boy moves in the positive direction with a speed of v m/s.

The total initial momentum of the system is:

P_initial = m_boy * 0 + m_girl * 0 = 0

The total final momentum of the system must also be zero since there are no external forces acting on the system. Therefore:

P_final = m_boy * v + m_girl * (-3) = 0

where m_boy = 60 kg, m_girl = 40 kg, and v is the final speed of the boy in m/s.

Solving for v, we get:

60v - 120 = 0

v = 2 m/s

Therefore, the total final momentum of the boy must be:

P_final = m_boy * v = 60 kg * 2 m/s = 120 kg m/s.

So, the total final momentum of the boy must be 120 kg m/s.

The final velocity of the motorcycle is

the total distance traveled during the 15-second timeframe is

Convert the initial velocity from mph to m/s:

75 mph = 75 x 0.44704 m/s = 33.528 m/s

Using vf = vi + at

where

vf is the final velocity,

vi is the initial velocity

a is the acceleration, and

t is the time interval.

Plugging in the given values, we get:

vf = 33.528 m/s - (0.25 m/s^2)(15 s) = 32.59 m/s

convert the final velocity back to mph

32.59 m/s = 32.59 x 2.237 mph/m = 72.9 mph

distance traveled, d

d = vi*t + (1/2)at^2

d = 32.59 m/s * 15 s + (1/2)(-0.25 m/s^2)(15 s)^2

d = 516.98 m

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Ans. 0.75

To convert watts into kilowatts we must divide it by 1000

so dividing 750W by 1000

we get,

750/1000 = 0.75

hence 750W in kilowatts equals to 0.75

The time takes  is 1.19 ms for the sound waves to travel the length of the aluminum rod between the two houses.

The speed of sound in aluminum can be determined utilizing the condition

v = sqrt(Y/ρ),

where Y is the Youthful's modulus and ρ is the thickness of the material. Connecting the qualities for aluminum, we get

v = [tex]sqrt(6.9x10^10 N/m^2/2700 kg/m^3) = 5110 m/s[/tex].

The time it takes for the sound waves to venture to every part of the length of the aluminum pole can be determined utilizing the condition

t = d/v,

where d is the distance and v is the speed of sound. Connecting the qualities, we get

t = 6.1 m/5110 m/s = 0.00119 s or 1.19 ms.

Subsequently, it takes 1.19 ms for the sound waves to venture to every part of the length of the aluminum bar between the two houses.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Increased heart rate

To solve this problem, we can use the conservation of momentum and the conservation of kinetic energy.First, let's find the velocity of the 0.530-kg cart after the collision. We can use the conservation of momentum:m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1' + m2v2'where m1 and v1 are the mass and velocity of the 0.530-kg cart before the collision, m2 and v2 are the mass and velocity of the 0.25-kg cart before the collision, and v1' and v2' are the velocities of the carts after the collision.Plugging in the numbers, we get:(0.530 kg)(0.572 m/s) + (0.25 kg)(0 m/s) = (0.530 kg)v1' + (0.25 kg)v2'Solving for v1', we get:v1' = [(0.530 kg)(0.572 m/s) + (0.25 kg)(0 m/s)] / (0.530 kg + 0.25 kg) = 0.378 m/s to the rightSo the 0.530-kg cart moves off to the right at 0.378 m/s after the collision.Next, let's find the maximum compression of the spring. We can use the conservation of kinetic energy:(1/2)m2v2^2 = (1/2)kx^2where k is the spring constant and x is the maximum compression of the spring.We know the mass and velocity of the 0.25-kg cart before the collision (v2 = 0 m/s), so we can solve for k:k = 2(1/2)m2v2^2 / x^2 = m2v2^2 / x^2Plugging in the numbers, we get:k = (0.25 kg)(0 m/s)^2 / x^2 = 0This means that the spring constant is 0, which is not physically possible. Therefore, there must be an error in the problem statement or some missing information that would allow us to calculate the maximum compression of the spring.

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because they have a Sexuality law

A) The tangential (linear) velocity of each shape is:

For the ring: v = rω = 2.41 m/s.

For the sphere: v = rω = 1.57 m/s.

For the solid cylinder: v = rω = 2.41 m/s.

B) The linear acceleration of each shape is:

For the ring: α = 2gsinθ/(3r(1 + 0.3) + 2R) = 1.191 m/s^2.

For the sphere: α = 2gsinθ/(5r(1 + 0.3)) = 1.176 m/s^2.

For the solid cylinder: α = 2gsinθ/(3r(1 + 0.3) + 2R) = 1.228 m/s^2.

C) The solid cylinder has the greatest moment of inertia.

D) The time taken for each shape to reach the bottom of the slope is:

For the ring: t = 0.576 s.

For the sphere: t = 0.197 s.

For the solid cylinder: t = 0.576 s.

E) The sphere will reach the bottom of the slope first, followed by the ring and the solid cylinder.

Based on the information provided, it is likely that the figure shows an alternating current (AC). The arrows under the electrons pointing right and left, both towards and away from the light bulb, indicate that the direction of the electron flow is changing periodically. This is a characteristic of alternating current, where the flow of electric charge reverses direction periodically, typically in a sinusoidal manner.

In an AC circuit, the voltage also changes direction periodically, which is consistent with the changing direction of the electron flow shown in the figure.

In an alternating current, the flow of electrons periodically reverses direction, causing the current to switch between positive and negative values. This is different from direct current (DC), where electrons flow in a single, constant direction.

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From the table, we can see that Charlene will have the most profit ($21) when she walks 3 dogs per month, charging $9 per walk.

Based on the provided data, we can create a demand schedule for the prices and the quantity demanded per month.

Let's first organize the data in a table:

Price ($) Quantity Demanded per Month

15 1

12 2

9 3

6 5

3 7

If you plotted these numbers on a graph, you would expect to see a downward-sloping curve, illustrating the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. As the price decreases, the quantity demanded per month increases.

Now let's consider Charlene's costs and profits from walking dogs. It costs her $2.00 for each bus ride to the dog owner's house.

To calculate her profit, we need to find her total revenue at each price point, then subtract her total costs.

Price ($) Quantity Demanded per Month Total Revenue ($) Total Costs ($) Profit ($)

15 1 15 2 13

12 2 24 4 20

9 3 27 6 21

6 5 30 10 20

3 7 21 14 7

From the table, we can see that Charlene will have the most profit ($21) when she walks 3 dogs per month, charging $9 per walk.

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Answer:

The water cycle outlines the continuous water movement in liquid, solid and gaseous state between locations on the Earth's surface.

The glass jar represents the lake while the atmosphere is represented by the space above the water, and the sky is represented by the (clear) plastic wrap

Arrangement description and Processes;

The processes of the water cycle includes;

Evaporation;

Condensation

Precipitation

Sublimation

Runoff

Infiltration

The arrangement of the materials is as follows;

Place the glass jar (the lake) containing water and the lamp (the Sun) side by side, such that the lamp light shines on the water surface

Cover the glass jar by wrapping the plastic wrap (the sky) around it to prevent the escape of water vapor when the water is hot.

Switch on the lamp so that it heats the water by radiation heat transfer

Observed processes;

The processes demonstrated by the above experiment includes;

1) Evaporation: As the water in the glass jar becomes warmer, the level of the water in the jar can be observed to decrease slightly due to evaporation

2) Condensation: Fog formation, Clouds

When hotter, the water surface as seen through the clear plastic wrap becomes less clearer due to evaporation, and condensation of the vapor while floating above the water surface, similar to the clouds seen in the sky.

3. Precipitation: Rain;

The clear plastic wrap covering the top of the glass jar, prevents the movement of the vapor further away, such that the tiny condensed vapor gather together, to form big droplets under the plastic wrap that falls back into the jar, which is similar to the process of rainfall

The above processes are repeated as more water evaporates from the jar condenses on the plastic wrap and falls back into the jar, showing the process by which water is recycled from the lake into the atmosphere and back to the lake.

Explanation:

Compound interest is more advantageous than simple interest because it allows for the accumulation of interest on both the principal amount and the interest earned over time. In simple interest, interest is only earned on the principal amount, while in compound interest, the interest earned is added to the principal amount and then interest is earned on the new, higher amount. This leads to a compounding effect where the interest earned increases over time, resulting in a larger total return on investment. Additionally, compound interest is commonly used for long-term investments such as retirement funds and savings accounts, where the power of compounding can significantly increase the final amount earned.

A car travels 200 km in the first 2.5 hour then stop for half hour then travels the final speed of 200 km in 2 hours. The average speed of the car is 80 km/hour.

To find the average speed of the car, we need to calculate the total distance traveled and the total time taken.

In the first 2.5 hours, the car travels 200 km.

Then, it stops for half an hour.

After that, the car travels another 200 km in 2 hours.

So the total distance traveled is 200 km + 200 km = 400 km.

The total time taken is 2.5 hours + 0.5 hours + 2 hours = 5 hours.

Therefore, the average speed of the car is:

Average speed = total distance / total time

= 400 km / 5 hours

= 80 km/hour.

So the average speed of the car is 80 km/hour.

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Answer:

Sound and power are related through intensity, which is the amount of power per unit area. The intensity of a sound wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude, which is a measure of how far the wave oscillates from its equilibrium position.

To solve this problem, you can use the formula for sound intensity:

I = P/A

where I is the intensity of the sound wave in watts per square meter (W/m^2), P is the power of the sound wave in watts (W), and A is the area of the eardrum in square meters (m^2).

You are given that the softest sound a human ear can hear is 0 dB, which corresponds to an intensity of 10^-12 W/m^2. You are also given that sounds above 130 dB cause pain. To find the maximum power the ear can receive before the listener feels pain, you can rearrange the formula for intensity to solve for power:

P = AI

where A is the area of the eardrum in square meters.

Substituting the given values, you get:

P = (51 x 10^-6 m^2)(10^-12 W/m^2 x 10^(130/10))

Simplifying this expression, you get:

P = 1.8 x 10^-3 W

Therefore, the most power the ear can receive before the listener feels pain is 1.8 x 10^-3 watts.

The device I would design to minimize impact from a collision would be a shock absorber made from a combination of rubber and metal. The device would be installed between the two colliding objects, and its function would be to absorb and dissipate the energy of the collision, thereby reducing the impact forces on the objects.
CONSTRUCTION:

Compared to existing shock-absorbing devices such as airbags and crumple zones, this design would be more efficient in reducing the impact forces on the colliding objects. Unlike airbags and crumple zones, which are designed to absorb the impact forces by deforming, the shock absorber would absorb the impact energy through compression and dissipation of the energy as heat.

Compared to existing devices such as generators and batteries, the piezoelectric generator would be more efficient in converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. This is because the piezoelectric effect is a direct conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy, without the need for any intermediate steps such as the conversion of mechanical energy into rotational energy in a generator. Additionally, the piezoelectric generator would be smaller and more lightweight than traditional generators, making it ideal for use in portable electronic devices.

The net charge when you rub a plastic ruler with fur​ would be infinitesimal or zero

The effect of friction between a plastic ruler and fur is evident when electrons are transferred from the hairy surface to the ruler's plane, ending with the ruler possessing a negative charge while the fur taking on a positive one.

As a result, the whole system presents with a net charge that is negative it converges due to the excess electrons now found on the ruler. However, occasionally, the magnitude of this charge is very small, consequently making it difficult to probe without reliable technology or instruments.

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THE INABILITY OF A BODY TO CHANGE ITS STATE OF MOTION BY ITSELF

The tendency of an item to resist a change in its state of motion is referred to as inertia. It specifically refers to an object's resistance to any change in velocity, whether that change be in speed or direction.

When you are riding in a car and the driver abruptly stops, you are experiencing inertia of motion. Because of inertia, your body wants to continue going forward at the same pace and in the same direction as before the brakes were applied. You will lean forward as a result, and if you are not wearing a seatbelt, you may be flung forward. Similarly, while the automobile speeds, your body tries to remain at rest owing to inertia, causing you to be motionless. Despite being widely accepted, Aristotle's theory of motion was challenged by prominent philosophers multiple times over the course of roughly two thousand years. For instance, Lucretius claimed that mobility rather than stasis (stagnation) was the "default state" of the matter (following, presumably, Epicurus).

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Answer:

To solve this problem, we can use the equations of motion for projectile motion:

- Vertical displacement: Δy = v₀sinθt - 1/2gt²

- Vertical velocity: v = v₀sinθ - gt

- Time of flight: T = 2v₀sinθ/g

- Horizontal displacement: Δx = v₀cosθt

where v₀ is the initial speed, θ is the angle of projection, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²), t is the time of flight, and Δy and Δx are the vertical and horizontal displacements, respectively.

First, we can find the maximum height by using the equation for vertical displacement:

Δy = v₀sinθt - 1/2gt²

At the maximum height, the vertical velocity is zero, so we can find the time of flight by setting the vertical velocity equation to zero:

v = v₀sinθ - gt = 0

Solving for t, we get:

t = v₀sinθ/g

Substituting this into the equation for vertical displacement, we get:

Δy = v₀sinθ(v₀sinθ/g) - 1/2g(v₀sinθ/g)²

Simplifying, we get:

Δy = (v₀²sin²θ)/(2g)

Substituting the given values, we get:

Δy = (23²sin²25)/(2*9.81) ≈ 29.4 m

So the maximum height is approximately 29.4 meters.

Next, we can find the time of flight using the equation for time of flight:

T = 2v₀sinθ/g

Substituting the given values, we get:

T = 2*23*sin25/9.81 ≈ 3.5 s

So the time of flight is approximately 3.5 seconds.

Finally, we can find the horizontal displacement using the equation for horizontal displacement:

Δx = v₀cosθt

Substituting the given values, we get:

Δx = 23*cos25*3.5 ≈ 64.3 m

So Kelly needs to be approximately 64.3 meters away to catch the ball.

Answer:

We can approach this problem using the conservation of momentum and the conservation of kinetic energy.

Conservation of momentum:

The momentum before the collision is given by:

p1 = m1v1 = m1viî

where m1 is the mass of each proton (which we assume to be the same) and v1 is the velocity of the initially moving proton.

The momentum after the collision is given by:

p2 = m1v1' + m1v2'

where v1' and v2' are the velocities of the two protons after the collision.

Since the collision is elastic, the total momentum is conserved:

p1 = p2

m1viî = m1v1' + m1v2'

We can simplify this equation by dividing both sides by m1:

viî = v1' + v2'

Conservation of kinetic energy:

The kinetic energy before the collision is given by:

K1 = (1/2)m1 We need the value of the velocity v1, which is not given in the problem statement.

Answer:

The ability of a body to resist changes to its uniform motion condition is known as inertia of motion.

___________________

Hope this helps!

Answer:

Approximately [tex]63.2^{\circ}[/tex].

Explanation:

The refractive index [tex]n[/tex] gives the ratio between the speed of light in vacuum and the speed of light in the given material. A larger refractive index means slower speed of light in the medium. In this question, the speed of light is slower in polycarbonate than in quartz.

When light travels from a material of low light speed to a material of higher light speed, the angle of refraction [tex]\theta_{r}[/tex] will exceed the angle of incidence [tex]\theta_{i}[/tex] (both with respect to the normal.)

The critical angle at this interface is the [tex]\theta_{i}[/tex] for which [tex]\theta_{r} = 90^{\circ}[/tex]. Note that since [tex]\theta_{i}\![/tex] cannot exceed [tex]90^{\circ}[/tex], [tex]\theta_{i} < \theta{r}[/tex] and light must be entering a faster medium from a slower medium. In this question, light would be entering quartz ([tex]n = 1.41[/tex], faster) from polycarbonate ([tex]n = 1.58[/tex], slower.)

By Snell's Law:

[tex]n_{i}\, \sin(\theta_{i}) = n_{r}\, \sin(\theta_{r})[/tex],

Where:

Set [tex]n_{i} = 1.58[/tex] (polycarbonate), [tex]n_{r} = 1.41[/tex] (quartz), and [tex]\theta_{r} = 90^{\circ}[/tex]. Rearrange the equation and solve for [tex]\theta_{i}[/tex]:

[tex]\begin{aligned}\sin(\theta_{i}) &= \frac{n_{r}\, \sin(\theta_{r})}{n_{i}} \end{aligned}[/tex].

[tex]\begin{aligned}\theta_{i} &= \arcsin\left (\frac{n_{r}\, \sin(\theta_{r})}{n_{i}} \right) \\ &= \arcsin \left(\frac{1.41\, \sin(90^{\circ})}{1.58}\right) \\ &\approx 63.2^{\circ}\end{aligned}[/tex].

What is common among all the graphs is that they all show an object that is moving.

In the distance time graph, we have the distance on the vertical axis and we have the time on the horizontal axis and the shape of the plots may differ depending on the nature of the motion of the objects.

Graphs of distance vs time help us to examine motion by showing how an object has moved over time. All objects shown on a distance vs. time graph are shifting positions over time, regardless of the graph's specific shape or slope, and the graph reveals information about the direction and speed of their motion.

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Answer:

1. Energy powers our homes and businesses.

2. Energy is necessary for transportation.

3. Energy is required for manufacturing and industrial processes.

4. Energy is essential for agriculture and food production.

5. Energy is needed for healthcare and medical equipment.

6. Energy is critical for national defense and security.

7. Energy is required for communication and technology.

8. Energy is vital for education and research.

9. Energy is necessary for entertainment and leisure activities.

10. Energy is fundamental for maintaining a high standard of living.

11. Energy is necessary for economic growth and development.

12. Energy is essential for reducing poverty and improving quality of life.

13. Energy is required for environmental protection and sustainability.

14. Energy is critical for disaster relief and emergency response.

15. Energy is needed for space exploration and research.

16. Energy is important for cultural preservation and heritage.

17. Energy is necessary for water treatment and distribution.

18. Energy is required for waste management and recycling.

19. Energy is vital for public safety and law enforcement.

20. Energy is necessary for aviation and air travel.

21. Energy is essential for shipping and transportation of goods.

22. Energy is required for mining and natural resource extraction.

23. Energy is critical for oil and gas production.

24. Energy is needed for renewable energy research and development.

25. Energy is important for alternative fuel sources and technology.

26. Energy is necessary for energy storage and distribution.

27. Energy is essential for energy efficiency and conservation.

28. Energy is required for climate change mitigation and adaptation.

29. Energy is vital for international cooperation and diplomacy.

30. Energy is necessary for transportation infrastructure development.

31. Energy is required for public transportation systems.

32. Energy is critical for rural and remote communities.

33. Energy is needed for urban development and growth.

34. Energy is important for public health and sanitation.

35. Energy is necessary for disaster preparedness and response.

36. Energy is essential for emergency services and first responders.

37. Energy is required for military operations and equipment.

38. Energy is critical for scientific research and innovation.

39. Energy is needed for space heating and cooling.

40. Energy is important for water heating and distribution.

41. Energy is necessary for appliance and electronic usage.

42. Energy is essential for lighting and electricity.

43. Energy is required for cooking and food preparation.

44. Energy is critical for refrigeration and food storage.

45. Energy is needed for laundry and cleaning.

46. Energy is important for personal hygiene and grooming.

47. Energy is necessary for entertainment and leisure activities.

48. Energy is essential for sports and recreation.

49. Energy is required for tourism and travel.

50. Energy is critical for the arts and culture.

51. Energy is needed for social and community events.

52. Energy is important for festivals and celebrations.

53. Energy is necessary for religious and spiritual practices.

54. Energy is essential for personal communication and relationships.

55. Energy is required for social media and online interactions.

56. Energy is critical for telecommuting and remote work.

57. Energy is needed for internet connectivity and usage.

58. Energy is important for e-commerce and online shopping.

59. Energy is necessary for financial transactions and banking.

60. Energy is essential for education and online learning.

61. Energy is required for healthcare and telemedicine.

62. Energy is critical for legal and government services.

63. Energy is needed for transportation and delivery services.

64. Energy is important for customer service and support.

65. Energy is necessary for manufacturing and supply chain management.

66. Energy is essential for research and development.

67. Energy is required for data centers and cloud computing.

68. Energy is critical for cybersecurity and privacy protection.

69. Energy is needed for artificial intelligence and machine learning.

70. Energy is important for autonomous vehicles and drones.

71. Energy is necessary for robotics and automation.

72. Energy is essential for virtual and augmented reality.

Answer:

60 ohms

Explanation:

To find the equivalent resistance of two resistors R₁ and R₂ in parallel, we can use the formula:

1/Req = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂

where Req is the equivalent resistance.

Substituting the values given, we get:

1/Req = 1/30 + 1/20

Simplifying, we get:

1/Req = 1/60

Multiplying both sides by Req, we get:

Req = 60 ohms

Therefore, the equivalent resistance of the two resistors R₁ and R₂ in parallel is 60 ohms.

=When three resistors are connected in parallel, they form a parallel circuit. In a parallel circuit, each resistor is connected across the same two points, with the current split between the resistors.

In this configuration, the voltage across each resistor is the same, but the current through each resistor can be different. The total resistance of the circuit is calculated using the equation:

1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

where R1, R2, and R3 are the resistance values of the individual resistors.

The total current in the circuit is equal to the sum of the currents through each resistor:

I_total = I1 + I2 + I3

where I1, I2, and I3 are the currents through each resistor.

The total power dissipated in the circuit can be calculated using the equation:

P_total = V² / R_total

where V is the voltage across the resistors.

In summary, when three resistors are connected in parallel, they form a parallel circuit, with each resistor connected across the same two points, and the current split between them. The total resistance, current, and power dissipated in the circuit can be calculated using the equations provided.

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The orbital speed of the satellite orbiting around a planet of radius 34 Km is found to be 2.59 km/s.

To find the orbital speed (v) of the satellite, we can use the formula,

v = √(GM/r), gravitational constant (6.674 x 10⁻¹¹ N(m/kg)²) is G, mass of the planet is M, and orbital radius of the satellite is r. To calculate M, we can use the formula,

g = GM/r², rearranging this formula, we get,

M = gr²/G

Substituting the values, we get,

M = 3.3(34,000)²/(6.674 x 10⁻¹¹)

M = 6.06 x 10²⁰ kg

Now, substituting the values of G, M, and r into the formula for orbital speed, we get,

v = √((6.674 x 10⁻¹¹)(6.06 x 10²⁰)/(34,000))

v = 2.59 x 10³ m/s

Therefore, the satellite's orbital speed is approximately 2.59 km/s.

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The new potential energy you will have, given that your height is doubled is 114 J

The following data were obtained from the question:

The new potential energy can be obtained as illustrated below:

PE₁ / h₁ = PE₂ / h₂

57 / H = PE₂ / 2H

Cross multiply

57 × 2H = PE₂ × H

Divide both sides by H

PE₂ = (57 × 2H) / H

PE₂ = 57 × 2

PE₂ = 114 J

Thus, from the above calculation, we can conclude that the new potential energy is 114 J

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13. If the supply of gasoline rises, a substitute that may increase in demand could be electric or hybrid vehicles.

14. Here is how each of the following events may have affected the world price of oil using basic supply and demand analysis:

a. Tax credits offered for expenditures on home insulation would likely decrease the demand for oil as people would use less energy to heat their homes. This would lead to a decrease in the price of oil.

b. The completion of the Alaskan oil pipeline would increase the supply of oil, leading to a decrease in the price of oil.

c. The discovery of oil in Mexico and the North Sea would increase the supply of oil, leading to a decrease in the price of oil.

d. The popularity of Sport Utility Vehicles and minivans would increase the demand for oil as these vehicles typically consume more gasoline than smaller cars. This would lead to an increase in the price of oil.

e. The depletion of natural oil reserves would decrease the supply of oil, leading to an increase in the price of oil.

Answer: energy can flow from a colder object to a warmer object

only if something does work.

Explanation: Consider the flow of water from a higher level to a lower level. There is no need to use energy to make this process occur. This type of process which does not need the application of energy to take place is said to be spontaneous. But to make water go up to the water tank, a pump must be used to make the process take place. This type of process which needs the use of energy to make it happen is said to be nonspontaneous.
 

but why not the only way to reduce an object's temperature is to

increase the entropy of the environment.?

coz the motion of particles decreases and their velocity decreases so they have less entropy at a lower temperature.

hope it helped:)