You're given an unknown acid and told that it will donate one proton per molecule. When 1. 0 g of this acid is dissolved in water, the resulting solution requires 50. 0 ml of a 0. 25 M solution of NaOH for neutralization. What's the molecular mass of the unknown acid? Explain. (Hint: Find the moles of acid present)

A cylinder of Krypton has contains 17 L of Ar at 22. 8 atm and 112 degrees celsisus. There are 0.824 moles of Ar in the cylinder.

The number of moles of Ar in the cylinder can be calculated using the ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT, where P is the pressure in atm, V is the volume in liters, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

To use this equation, the given temperature of 112 degrees Celsius must be converted to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to get 385.15 K. The pressure of 22.8 atm and volume of 17 L are already in the correct units.

R can be found using the equation R = 0.0821 L atm/(mol K), and plugging in the values for P, V, n, R, and T gives: (22.8 atm)(17 L) = n(0.0821 L atm/(mol K))(385.15 K) n = 0.824 mol

The number of moles of Ar in the cylinder can be found using the ideal gas law equation, which requires the pressure, volume, temperature, and the gas constant. After converting the given temperature to Kelvin, the calculation yields 0.824 moles of Ar.

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a. The anode is where oxidation occurs, so the half reaction taking place at the anode is: O₂(g) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 4 e⁻→ 2 H₂O(l)

b. The cathode is where reduction occurs, so the half reaction taking place at the cathode is: 2 H⁺(aq) + 2 e⁻+ 2 H₂S(g) → 2 S(s) + 2 H₂O(l)

c. To calculate the standard cell potential, Eocell, we need to add the reduction potential of the cathode and the oxidation potential of the anode. The reduction potential of the cathode half reaction is +0.15 V, and the oxidation potential of the anode half reaction is -1.23 V. Therefore, Eocell = +0.15 V + (-1.23 V) = -1.08 V.

d. To produce the voltage of -1.08 V, the reaction must be spontaneous, which means that the Gibbs free energy change, ΔG, must be negative.

The relationship between ΔG, Eocell, and the equilibrium constant, K, is: ΔG = -nFEocell = -RTlnK, where n is the number of electrons transferred, F is Faraday's constant, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.

Solving for K, we get: K = e^(-ΔG/RT) = e^(-nFEocell/RT).

Substituting the values, we get: K = e^(-(-2)(96485 C/mol)(-1.08 V)/(8.314 J/mol-K)(298 K)) = 4.5 x 10¹⁸. Since the reaction is in acid, the partial pressure of H⁺ is 1 atm.

Using the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction, K = [S]²/[H₂S]², we can solve for the partial pressure of H₂S: P(H₂S) = [S]/√K. Substituting the values, we get: P(H₂S) = (1 atm)/√(4.5 x 10¹⁸) = 6.7 x 10⁻¹⁰atm.

Therefore, the partial pressure of H₂S must be 6.7 x 10⁻¹⁰ atm, and the partial pressure of O₂ must be 1 atm, to produce the voltage in part c.

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Estimating temperature to the nearest tenth of a degree

Estimating the mass of the sample to the nearest tenth of a gram

The brand of light bulb used for the heat lamp

Numerous things can go wrong, including human error, ambient variables, measuring instrument limits, and systematic or random deviations in the experimental technique.

The errors that would occur in this experiment can be seen to stem more from the nature of the estimation and are essentially errors that occur due to the computation of the results.

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Answer:

Moving blood through your body

Explanation:

Thats the job of vascular system IE heart arteries and veins.

The pressure of [tex]CO_2[/tex] gas in the canister at 20.00°C is 0.611 atm.

To determine the pressure of [tex]CO_2[/tex] gas in the canister, we can use the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

First, we need to convert the volume of the canister from milliliters (mL) to liters (L):

500.0 mL = 0.5000 L

Next, we need to calculate the number of moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex] gas:

n = m/MW

where m is the mass of [tex]CO_2[/tex] gas and MW is the molar mass of [tex]CO_2[/tex] (44.01 g/mol).

n = 0.4650 g / 44.01 g/mol = 0.01057 mol

Now we can plug in the values and solve for the pressure:

P = nRT/V = (0.01057 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(293.15 K) / 0.5000 L = 0.611 atm

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Soils can come in many different colors, but reddish-brown is a common hue that can indicate the presence of iron oxides. These oxides can give the soil a rusty appearance, and are often found in soils that have been weathered over time.

Sandy soils that are reddish-brown in color are often found in arid regions, where the soil has been weathered by wind and water. These soils may be low in nutrients and organic matter, but can be ideal for certain types of plants that are adapted to dry conditions.

Clay soils that are reddish-brown in color are often found in areas with high rainfall, where the clay has been weathered by water and minerals have leached out. These soils can be rich in nutrients, but may be difficult to work with due to their tendency to become compacted and heavy.

Loamy soils that are reddish-brown in color are a combination of sand, clay, and silt particles, and are often considered the ideal type of soil for gardening and farming. These soils are typically rich in nutrients, but also drain well and are easy to work with.

Overall, the reddish-brown color of soil can provide valuable information about the characteristics and composition of the soil, which can help gardeners, farmers, and other professionals make informed decisions about how to manage and use the land.

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Answer:

1.503 x 10^23

Explanation:

your question was how many atoms, so you have to multiply that number which is how many molecules by 8 atoms per molecule of sulphur. So you get 1.503 x 10^23 atoms in 8 grams of sulfur.

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The mass of CH2Cl2 that can be melted by applying 7.80 kJ of energy at the melting point can be calculated using the equation of q = m * c * ΔT, where q is the energy applied, m is the mass, c is the heat capacity, and ΔT is the difference between the final and initial temperatures. In this case, the mass can be calculated as m = q / (c * ΔT). Plugging in the given values yields a mass of 0.126 g, rounded to three significant figures.

Therefore, 7.80 kJ of energy can melt 0.126 g of solid CH2Cl2 at the melting point. The equation used for this calculation assumes that the heat capacity and melting point of CH2Cl2 remain constant throughout the process, and thus the calculated value is only an estimate.

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The pressure of the fluorine gas under these conditions is approximately 2.01 atmospheres.

To answer your question, we will use the Ideal Gas Law equation:

PV = nRT

Where:
P = pressure
V = volume (60.0 liters)
n = number of moles (4.80 moles)
R = gas constant (0.0821 L atm / K mol)
T = temperature (298 K)

We need to find the pressure (P). Rearrange the equation for P:

P = nRT / V

Now plug in the given values:

P = (4.80 moles * 0.0821 L atm / K mol * 298 K) / 60.0 liters

P ≈ 2.01 atm

So, the pressure of the fluorine gas under these conditions is approximately 2.01 atmospheres.

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9.6 moles of ammonia are produced when 4.8 moles of nitrogen react with hydrogen.

To answer this question, we will use the balanced chemical equation provided: N2 + 3H2 — 2NH3. From this equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of nitrogen that reacts, 2 moles of ammonia are produced.

So, to determine how many moles of ammonia are produced when 4.8 moles of nitrogen react with hydrogen, we will first need to calculate how many moles of nitrogen are present in the reaction.

Since the coefficient for nitrogen is 1 in the balanced equation, we know that the number of moles of nitrogen is equal to 4.8.

Now we can use the mole ratio from the balanced equation to determine the number of moles of ammonia produced.

For every 1 mole of nitrogen, 2 moles of ammonia are produced, so we can set up a ratio:

1 mole of nitrogen : 2 moles of ammonia

Using the number of moles of nitrogen we calculated earlier (4.8 moles), we can multiply it by the ratio to find the number of moles of ammonia produced:

4.8 moles of nitrogen x 2 moles of ammonia / 1 mole of nitrogen = 9.6 moles of ammonia

Therefore, 9.6 moles of ammonia are produced when 4.8 moles of nitrogen react with hydrogen.

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The molarity of the solution diluted to the 1200.0 ml volume is found to be 0.220M.

The number of moles of H₂SO₄ in the original 22 mL solution can be calculated using the following formula,

moles of H₂SO₄ = Molarity × Volume (in liters)

22 mL = 22/1000 L

= 0.022 L

Substituting the given values, we get,

moles of H₂SO₄ = 12 M × 0.022 L

= 0.264 moles

The number of moles of H₂SO₄ will not change once the solution is diluted to a volume of 1200.0 mL since no H₂SO₄ is added or taken away. Consequently, the following formula can be used to determine the molarity of the diluted solution:

Molarity = moles of H₂SO₄ / Volume (in liters)

Again, we need to convert the volume to liters,

1200.0 mL = 1200.0/1000 L

= 1.200 L

Substituting the values, we get,

Molarity = 0.264 moles / 1.200 L

= 0.220 M

Therefore, the molarity of the diluted solution is 0.220 M.

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When potassium carbonate is added to a solution containing two cations, the cation that forms a less soluble compound with carbonate will precipitate first.

This is because the less soluble compound will exceed its solubility product and form a solid precipitate. The solubility product is a constant that indicates the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solution at a given temperature and pressure. In the case of the two cations, calcium ion (Ca2+) forms a more insoluble compound with carbonate ion (CO32-) than strontium ion (Sr2+). Therefore, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) will precipitate first, leaving strontium ion in solution.

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If 10.0 moles of NaOH are dissolved in water to make 250.0 l of solution, the molarity of the solution is 0.04 moles

Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute present in 1 litre of a solution. It is denoted by M and the formula is represented as

Molarity = number of moles of solute/ volume of the solution in L

According to given data

Number of moles of solute = 10 moles

volume of the solution = 250 L

Therefore, molarity = 10 moles/250 L

molarity = 0.04 moles.

Thus, molarity of the solution is 0.04 moles.

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There are 2.4 moles of C2O4^2- in the given sample

To determine the number of moles of C2O4 in the given sample, we need to use the balanced chemical equation of the reaction between MnO4 and C2O4. The equation is:

MnO4- + 5C2O4^2- + 8H+ → Mn2+ + 10CO2 + 4H2O

From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of MnO4- reacts with 5 moles of C2O4^2-. Therefore, if we have 0.48 moles of MnO4- at the endpoint, we can calculate the number of moles of C2O4^2- as follows:

0.48 moles MnO4- x (5 moles C2O4^2-/1 mole MnO4-) = 2.4 moles C2O4^2-

Therefore, there are 2.4 moles of C2O4^2- in the given sample.

It is important to note that moles are a unit of measurement used in chemistry to represent the amount of a substance, and it is equal to the mass of a substance in grams divided by its molar mass. In this case, we were able to determine the number of moles of C2O4^2- in the sample by using the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation.

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When we talk about a heating curve of water, we are referring to a graph that shows the temperature of water as it is heated.

The x-axis of the graph represents the amount of heat energy being added to the water, while the y-axis represents the temperature of the water.

The region of positive slope on the heating curve of water refers to the portion of the graph where the temperature of the water is increasing as more heat energy is added. This region starts at the melting point of ice (0°C) and extends all the way to the boiling point of water (100°C) at standard atmospheric pressure.

During this region, the heat energy being added to the water is being used to break the intermolecular bonds between the water molecules and increase their kinetic energy, resulting in an increase in temperature. As the temperature increases, the water transitions from a solid (ice) to a liquid, and finally to a gas (steam).

It is important to note that the slope of the heating curve during the region of positive slope is positive, which means that the temperature is increasing at a steady rate. This region is significant because it represents the phase changes of water, which have important implications for a variety of fields, including chemistry, physics, and engineering.

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The change in heat or enthalpy change in the reaction for photosynthesis to occur has + 2801 kJ of energy on the reactant side.

To show the energy necessary for the reaction to occur, the proper ΔH value should be added to the left side of the equation. As a result, the equation is:

6 CO₂ (g) + 6 H₂O (l) + 2801 kJ → C₆H₁₂O₆ (aq) + 6 O₂ (g)

it is true that the energy value is included as a reactant in the reaction, since it is required for the reaction to take place.

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The three ions containing phosphorus are phosphate (PO₄³⁻), hydrogen phosphate (HPO₄²⁻), and dihydrogen phosphate (H₂PO₄⁻).

The pattern observed is that adding hydrogen atoms successively reduces the negative charge of the ion by one unit.


1. Observe the formulas of the three ions: PO₄³⁻, HPO₄²⁻, and H₂PO₄⁻.
2. Notice that hydrogen atoms are added successively: 0, 1, and 2.
3. Observe the charges of the ions: -3, -2, and -1.
4. Recognize the pattern: adding hydrogen atoms reduces the negative charge by one unit.

In other instances where hydrogen is added to polyatomic ions, a similar pattern occurs. The negative charge decreases as more hydrogen atoms are added. This pattern is consistent across various polyatomic ions containing hydrogen.

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Alternate view to the neoclassical view is the Post-Keynesian view is Post-Keynesians believe that the neoclassical view does not adequately account for the role of uncertainty in economic decision-making, the importance of historical and institutional factors, and the potential for instability in markets.

Post-Keynesians argue that economic agents do not have perfect information and face uncertain future outcomes, which can lead to irrational decision-making and result in market failures. They also stress the importance of historical and institutional factors, such as power relations and social norms, in shaping economic outcomes.

Additionally, Post-Keynesians believe that markets are not inherently stable and can experience periods of instability and crisis, contrary to the neoclassical view that markets naturally tend toward equilibrium. The Post-Keynesian view emphasizes the role of uncertainty, history, and institutional factors in shaping economic outcomes, as well as the potential for instability in markets, which are not fully accounted for in the neoclassical view.

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The Keynesian view is an alternate view to the neoclassical view. It considers that there is a role for government in managing the economy through fiscal and monetary policy.

Neoclassical is an art and design style that emerged in the mid-18th century and is based on the classical styles of ancient Greece and Rome. Neoclassical art and design sought to revive the aesthetic principles of antiquity and emphasized the use of symmetry, order, and balance in its works. This style was seen in art, architecture, and furniture, and often included motifs from classical mythology.

It assumes that markets are not always efficient and that people may not always act rationally. This view considers that the economy may not always be in equilibrium and that there may be periods of recession or depression. It also considers that individuals and companies may not always respond to economic changes in the same way, and that government intervention may be necessary to ensure economic stability. This view does not assume that the market is self-regulating and that it will always reach equilibrium.

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Answer:

when u stop at great speed in a vechial your body is in still in motion

Explanation:

A brick with dimensions 1.00 m x 0.200 m x 0.500 m exerts different pressures on the floor when placed in different ways. The force exerted on the floor is 20.0 N.

To calculate the force exerted on the floor by the brick, we need to first calculate the area of the face of the brick that is in contact with the floor. The minimum pressure exerted by the brick on the floor is given as 100.0 Pa. Therefore, the force exerted on the floor by the brick can be calculated as:

Force = Pressure x Area

The area of the face of the brick in contact with the floor is given by 1.00 m x 0.200 m = 0.200 m². Therefore, the force exerted on the floor by the brick is:

Force = 100.0 Pa x 0.200 m² = 20.0 N

Since 20.0 N is not listed in the given options, it seems there may be an error or discrepancy in the provided answer choices.

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The new pressure be and in which direction would air flow is 1140 mmHg.

Using Boyle's law, we know that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional. Therefore, if the volume of the alveolus decreases from 3 ml to 2 ml, the pressure inside the alveolus will increase by a factor of 3/2 or 1.5 times. The new pressure inside the alveolus will be 760 mmHg x 1.5 = 1140 mmHg.

According to the principles of gas flow, air moves from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. Therefore, in this scenario, air would flow out of the alveolus since the pressure inside the alveolus (1140 mmHg) is now higher than the atmospheric pressure outside the body (760 mmHg).

It's important to note that this scenario assumes that all other factors affecting the pressure inside the alveolus, such as temperature and the number of gas molecules, remain constant.

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Tagatose and Leloir pathways are two different metabolic pathways involved in the breakdown and utilization of dietary sugars, such as galactose.

The Tagatose pathway is a bacterial pathway that allows for the utilization of galactose, a monosaccharide similar to glucose, as an energy source.

In this pathway, galactose is converted into tagatose, another monosaccharide, by the enzyme galactose isomerase.

The tagatose is then broken down into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) through a series of reactions, which can enter the glycolysis pathway for further energy production.

The Leloir pathway, on the other hand, is a pathway found in animals and some microorganisms that also converts galactose into glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), a molecule that can enter the glycolysis pathway.

In the Leloir pathway, galactose is converted into galactose-1-phosphate by the enzyme galactokinase, and then into UDP-galactose by the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. UDP-galactose is then converted into UDP-glucose by the enzyme UDP-galactose 4-epimerase.

Finally, UDP-glucose is converted into G6P by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase.

In summary, while both pathways involve the conversion of galactose into glucose derivatives, the Tagatose pathway involves the conversion of galactose into tagatose and then into DHAP and G3P, while the Leloir pathway involves the conversion of galactose into G6P through a series of intermediate steps.

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The E° for cell reaction is - 2.37 V and  2.23 V and E for cell reaction  = 2.22V and ΔG = - 428.39kJ/mol.

The formula for solving the equation for given cell is as follows :

                      E°cell , Ecell and Δ[tex]G_{rnx}[/tex]

The standard cell potential is the potential of cell at standard condition of 1MConcentration and pressure 1 atm E°cell

calculation :

                E°cell = E° cathode - E° anode          it is calculated using the Nernst equation which is discussed below :

                  Ecell = E°cell -- [tex]\frac{RT}{nF}[/tex] 1n K  = E°cell -- [tex]\frac{0.0591}{n}[/tex]log [tex]\frac{Products}{Reactants}[/tex]

Here, F is the Faraday's constant, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, and n is the number of transferred electrons. K is the equilibrium constant.

The Gibbs free energy is the greatest work that is finished by a framework . The standard cell potential is without like energy by the recipe as follows;and F is Faraday's steady.

A system's maximum amount of work is referred to as its Gibbs free energy. The standard cell potential is connected with the free energy by the recipe as follows:    Δ G = -n F Ecell

Here, E cell is cell potential

Δ G is the free energy n is the quantity of electrons moved and F is Faraday's steady.

 Oxidation :                                        

Mg ⇒ Mg ²⁺ + 2e⁻ E⁰anode = - 2.37 V

Reduction:Sn²⁺ + 2e⁻⇒ Sn E⁰

So,  cathode = - 0.14V

The standard cell potential is calculated as follows:E⁰ cell = - 0.14 V- (- 2.37 V ) =  2.23 V

The half reaction potentials for the oxidation and reduction are determined. They are subbed in the equation and the standard cell potential is determined.

Number of electrons transferred ,      n = 2   ,[Mg²⁺]   = 0.055M   ,  [ Sn²⁺ ]  = 0.030 M               The Nernst equation for reaction :

Ecell = E °cell = [tex]\frac{0.0591}{n}[/tex]log Mg ²⁺ / Sn²⁺

The cell potential for reaction is :

                       Ecell = 2.23V - [tex]\frac{0.0591}{2}[/tex]log[tex]\frac{0.055M}{0.030M}[/tex]= 2.22V

 The values are substituted for the reaction calculated here in the Nernst equation and cell potential.     

Calculation for the free energy for reaction ,

                                             ] Δ[tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] = -nFE cell

       = - 2 × 96485 C/ mol ×2.22 V

                          = --428393J/mol × [tex]\frac{1KJ}{1000J}[/tex]  = - 428.39kJ/mol

The cell potential for the response is subbed in the recipe and free energy for the response is determined

Nernst equation :

The standard electrode potential, absolute temperature, the number of electrons involved in the redox reaction, and activities (often approximated by concentrations) of the chemical species undergoing reduction and oxidation, respectively, can all be used to calculate the reduction potential of a half-cell or full cell reaction using the Nernst equation, a chemical thermodynamic relationship.

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The hypothesis that a particular trait evolved by natural selection is indeed falsifiable. In fact, this is one of the foundational principles of the scientific method.

researchers must also consider alternative hypotheses and rule out alternative explanations before concluding that a trait evolved by natural selection.

The hypothesis that a particular trait evolved by natural selection is indeed falsifiable. In fact, this is one of the foundational principles of the scientific method.

To test whether a particular trait evolved by natural selection, researchers can design experiments or observational studies to investigate the trait's function and potential selective pressures. For example, they could manipulate the trait in question to see how it affects the organism's fitness, or compare the trait's frequency or variation across populations with different environmental conditions.

However, it's important to note that demonstrating that a trait evolved by natural selection does not necessarily mean that it is the only possible explanation for the trait's existence. Other evolutionary mechanisms such as genetic drift, gene flow, or mutation could also play a role in shaping the trait. Therefore, researchers must also consider alternative hypotheses and rule out alternative explanations before concluding that a trait evolved by natural selection.
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2.50 litres of a 10.0 M solution require the preparation of 25.0 moles of ethylene glycol.

Excellent antifreeze, anti-boil, and anti-corrosive qualities are produced when antifreeze and water are mixed in a 50/50 ratio. The proportion of conventional ethylene glycol to water in severely cold conditions can reach 70% antifreeze, 30% water. The maximum antifreeze to water ratio when using DEX-COOL® is 60/40.

moles = concentration (M) x volume (L)

Given that the desired concentration is 10.0 M and the volume needed is 2.50 L, the setup for calculating the total number of moles of ethylene glycol can be written as:

moles = 10.0 M x 2.50 L

moles = 25.0 mol

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Answer:2.18 g.

Explanation:To find the mass of sodium sulfate reacted, we use the balanced chemical equation to know that 1 mole of sodium sulfate reacts with 1 mole of barium sulfate. From the given mass of barium sulfate formed, we calculate the number of moles of barium sulfate. Since the stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:1, the number of moles of sodium sulfate reacted is the same as the number of moles of barium sulfate formed. We then use the molar mass of sodium sulfate to calculate the mass of sodium sulfate reacted. The final answer is 2.18 g.

The atomic weight of the metal is 36 g/mol.

To solve this problem, we need to use the concept of equivalent weight. The equivalent weight of a divalent metal is equal to its atomic weight divided by its valency, which in this case is 2.

First, let's calculate the number of equivalents of H2SO4 present in the solution.

4.9 g of H2SO4 per liter of solution means that there are 4.9/98 = 0.05 moles of H2SO4 per liter.

So in 250 cc (or 0.25 liters) of solution, there are 0.05 x 0.25 = 0.0125 moles of H2SO4.

Since H2SO4 is a diprotic acid, each mole of H2SO4 can donate 2 equivalents of H+. Therefore, the total number of equivalents of H+ present in the solution is 2 x 0.0125 = 0.025.

Now let's calculate the number of equivalents of alkali (which we know is N/10 or 0.1 N) required to neutralize 50 cc of the solution.

20 cc of N/10 alkali is equal to 0.002 equivalents of alkali (since N/10 alkali has a normality of 0.1, which means it can donate 0.1 equivalents of OH- per liter of solution).

Since the acid and alkali react in a 1:1 ratio, this means that there are also 0.002 equivalents of H+ in 50 cc of the solution.

Therefore, the initial number of equivalents of H+ in the solution must have been 0.025 + 0.002 = 0.027.

Now we can use this information to calculate the number of equivalents of metal present in the solution.

Since the metal is divalent, it will donate 2 equivalents of metal ions for every 1 equivalent of H+ that it reacts with.

Therefore, the number of equivalents of metal present in the solution is 0.027/2 = 0.0135.

Finally, we can calculate the atomic weight of the metal using the formula:

Atomic weight = Equivalent weight x Valency

In this case, the equivalent weight is equal to the atomic weight divided by 2 (since the metal is divalent).

So:

Atomic weight = Equivalent weight x 2

Atomic weight = (0.018 g / 0.0135 equivalents) x 2

Atomic weight = 36 g/mol

Therefore, the atomic weight of the metal is 36 g/mol.

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The amount of heat required to convert 46.0 g of ethanol at 25° C to vapor phase is ≅ 44.2 KJ total heat .

Using the mass , evaluating the moles of ethanol :

                              46.0 g × [tex]\frac{1 Mol}{46.07 g}[/tex] = 0.998 mol

                                        ≅ 1.0 mol

The heat required to convert 46.0 g ethanol from 25° C at 78° C is evaluated :

                                     q₁ = m[tex]C_{liquid }[/tex]ΔT

                                   = 46.0 g × [tex]\frac{2.3 J}{g. K}[/tex] × 78° C - 25°C

                                 =     5607.47J × 1 KJ /1000 J

                                           = 5.607 KJ

So, the heat required in conversion of 1.0 mol of ethanol at 78 ° C  to 1.0 mol ethanol vapour is expressed as :

                           q₂ = moles × Δ[tex]H_{vap}[/tex]

                            = 1.0 mol × 38.56 KJ /mol

                                = 38.56 kJ/ mol

The total heat requirement conversion of 46 .0 g of ethanol at 25° C to the vapour state at 78° C :

                           Total heat = q₁ + q₂

                                         = 5.607 KJ + 38.56 KJ

                                            = 44.167 KJ

                                        ≅ 44.2 KJ

Fume alludes to a gas stage at a temperature where a similar substance can likewise exist in the fluid or strong state, beneath the basic temperature of the substance. As a result of their tendency to be volatile, liquids will enter the vapor phase when the temperature is raised sufficiently. At the specified temperature, a liquid is considered to be volatile if it exhibits a significant vapor pressure.

Transferring a substance from a vapor to a solid by desorbing it using a desorbent or carrier gas and passing the vapor sample through a stationary phase (such as silica particles).

Incomplete question :

Determine the amount of heat required to convert 46. 0 g of ethanol at 25°c to the vapor phase at 78°c. Based on the melting and boiling points, ethanol is a liquid at 25°c. Consider the heating curve when organizing your thoughts and answering the question. Use the information about ethanol CH₃CH₂OH given in the table below.

Use the following information about ethanol CH₃CH₂OH.

Tmelt = –114°C

Tboil = 78°C

∆Hfus = 5.02 kJ/mol

∆Hvap = 38.56 kJ/mol

C solid = 0.97 J/g-K

C liquid = 2.3 J/g-K

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The moles of hydrogen added to the balloon to give it a volume of 17.1 L were 8.8 mol.

Determine the initial ratio of moles to volume:
Initial moles of hydrogen = 2.6 mol
Initial volume of the balloon (V₁) = 3.9 L
Ratio of moles to volume: 2.6 mol / 3.9 L = 0.6667 mol/L

Final volume of the balloon (V₂) = 17.1 L

Calculate the final moles of hydrogen in the balloon using the initial ratio of moles to volume.
Final moles of hydrogen (H₂) = Ratio of moles to volume * V₂
Final moles of hydrogen (H₂) = 0.6667 mol/L * 17.1 L = 11.4 mol

The number of moles of hydrogen added thus are:
Moles of hydrogen added = Final moles of hydrogen - Initial moles of hydrogen
Moles of hydrogen added = 11.4 mol - 2.6 mol = 8.8 mol

So, 8.8 moles of hydrogen were added to the balloon to give it a volume of 17.1 L.

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