Which statement best explains why fermentation occurs in mammals? It enables mammals to generate additional ATPATP in an oxygen‑rich environment. It breaks down lactic acid to generate a small amount of ATPATP under anaerobic conditions. It generates ethanol, which can be used as an alternative source of energy. It produces an acid that maintains blood pH within a narrow range. It allows glycolysis to continue under anaerobic conditions by replenishing NAD+NAD+ .
Answers
Answer:
The last option.
Explanation:
Fermentation/ Anaerobic respiration is important to supply ATP in the absence of oxygen.
In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis, Kreb's cycle and oxidative phosphorylation happen to provide about 32 ATP molecules. In its absence, only glycolysis can take place because it's the only step that doesnt need oxygen, to give a net supply of 2 ATP.
Even though glycolysis doesn't need oxygen, it needs NAD, and if the reduced NAD doesn't lose its hydrogens via oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate (the end product of glycolysis) becomes the recipient of the hydrogen.
Pyruvate gets reduced to lactate.
The correct answer as to which best explains why fermentation occurs in mammals would be that it breaks down lactic acid to generate a small amount of ATP under anaerobic condition.
Aerobic respiration takes place in 3 steps:
Glycolysis: during which glucose is converted into pyruvate molecules with 2 ATP and 2NADH molecules produced.Citric acid cycle: during which pyruvate molecules from glycolysis are converted to CO2 with ATP, NADH, and FADH2 generatedElectron transport chain: during which the NADH and FADH2 produced in citric acid cycle are used to generate ATP.When oxygen becomes inadequate during rigorous activities in human cells, pyruvate molecules cannot proceed to the citric acid cycle due to lack of oxygen. Instead, the pyruvate molecules are converted to lactic acid through fermentation to generate 2 molecules of ATP.
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Related Questions
Place the following generation of action potential steps in order:
1) sodium channels are inactivated.
2) voltage-regulated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell, initiating repolarization.
3) sodium channels regain their normal properties.
4) a graded depolarization brings an area of excitable membrane to the threshold.
5) a temporary hyperpolarization occurs.
6) sodium channel activation occurs.7) sodium ions enter the cell and further depolarization occurs.
Answers
Answer: 6) sodium channel activation occurs.
4)a graded depolarization brings an area of excitable membrane to the threshold.
7) sodium ions enter the cell and further depolarization occurs.
1)sodium channels are inactivated.
2) voltage-regulated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell, initiating repolarization.
3) sodium channels regain their normal properties.
5) a temporary hyperpolarization occurs
Explanation:
action potential occurs when the differences in the concentrations of ions on opposite sides of a cellular membrane lead to a voltage of a specific cell location rapidly rises and falls.
The steps involved in this generation are;
First of all the sodium-gated channel activation occurs due to inflow of Na, this is called depolarization. A graded depolarization brings an area of excitable membrane to the threshold. More sodium ions enter the cell and further depolarization occurs. After which the sodium channels are inactivated due to the opening of voltage-regulated potassium channels and potassium moves out of the cell, returning it to it initial resting phase initiating repolarization. sodium channels regain their normal properties. a temporary hyperpolarization occurs which is a transient negative shift after an action potential occurs.
Lana was walking down the sidewalk looking at her phone and didn't notice the curb ahead. As she tripped her ankle turned inward (inversion). She heard a pop and had pain on the lateral side (outside) of her ankle and foot. Lana went to urgent care and was diagnosed with a 2nd degree lateral ankle sprain and fracture of her fibula (lateral bone in the lower leg). List all the types of tissues that have been affected by this injury. Which will likely heal slower, ligament or bone?
Answers
Answer:
ligament bcos ligament heal before bone
A ligament tear is an injury caused by an extreme motion, like a forceful twisting of a joint. A tear usually causes immediate pain and perhaps even a "pop" sound at the site of injury when it occurs. Depending on the severity of the injury, the affected site may become unstable.
What is Ligament?Ligaments are elastic bands of tissue that connect bones to each other and provide stability and strength to the joint. The four main ligaments in the knee connect the femur (thighbone) to the tibia (shin bone) and include the following: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).
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Swamps can occur seasonally.
Answers
Answer:
If you are asking a true or false this is sometimes true with small swamps
Explanation:
Can I have a thanks 5 star and brainliest? Please tell me if i am reight!!!
Answer:Esta cobertura comprende las tierras bajas, que generalmente permanecen inundadas durante la mayor parte del año, pueden estar constituidas por zonas de divagación de cursos de agua, llanuras de inundación, antiguas vegas de divagación y depresiones naturales donde la capa freática aflora de manera permanente o estacional. Comprenden hondonadas donde se recogen y naturalmente se detienen las aguas, con fondos más o menos cenagosos. Dentro de los pantanos se pueden encontrar cuerpos de agua, algunos con cobertura parcial de vegetación acuática, con tamaño menor a 25 ha, y que en total representan menos del 30% del área total del pantano.
Distribución geográfica: Las zonas pantanosas se identificaron en las llanuras de inundación a lo largo de los ríos Caquetá, Caguán y Orteguaza y sus tributarios en el departamento del Caquetá; a lo largo del Río Guaviare en el norte de la región amazónica y en el río Vaupés en los departamentos de Guaviare y Vaupés.
Explanation:
What hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary?
Answers
Answer:
The following hormones are secreted
Explanation:
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Growth hormone (GH)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
List 3 areas other than pregnancy and childbirth where genetic counselors provide help.
Answers
Neurology
Cardiovascular
Psychiatric
What impact does the atmosphere have on the Earth's cycles? Select four options,
produces wind currents
transfers nitrogen from air to soil
transfers water into Earth's oceans
moves oxygen from volcanic eruptions for plants
moves oxygen and carbon dioxide through the biosphere?
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
I think the atmosphere facilitates the distribution of oxygen and co2
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Calculate the efficiency of glycolysis if 12 kcal of energy are required to transfer energy from glucose to ATP.
Explain please
Answers
Answer:
The ATP has a full meaning . If you get to know the full meaning you will understand it
Katie wants to make ball-and-stick models of the four macromolecules. She has colored balls for each of the elements in these molecules, including the following.
Answers
Answer:
I don't really understand what the question is, but I'm pretty sure you're asking for which molecules that will be needed; Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Explanation:
-Carbohydrate consists mainly of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, simple sugars have the basic formula of (CH2O)n. Some modification can be made to the sugar, but the main formula consists only with Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen.
-Proteins consists mainly of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen for the amide groups. Some amino acid will need Sulfur for it's R Group.
-Fats consists mainly of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen just like Glucose.
-Nucleic Acids consists mainly of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus for the backbone of the Nucleic Acid. Nitrogen will be needed for the Nitrogenous Base.
I hope this is the answer you're looking for!
Shortly after a stream dried up, you noticed a change in the field mouse population coat color variation. When the stream was flowing, there were two populations, one with darker coats and one with lighter coats. After the stream dried up, mice with darker coats were being born into the lighter coat population and vice versa.
a. True
b. False
Answers
Answer:
a. True
Explanation:
When the stream dried up darker coat mice were seen into the lighter coat population and vice versa because of the natural selection process.
Mice change their coat color by adapting the changes in the stream flow and evolve their coat either dark or light that provides camouflage so predators won’t see them and they are able to survive in the environment. Mice have the advantage of surviving long and they are able to pass their genes to the offspring.
Hence, the given statement is true.
Which puppy might have been placed into this litter by mistake
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time._______________
is the relative temperature of a region over
O C. rain pattern
O B. climate
O A. weather
O D. wind currents
Answers
Answer: choice B. Climate
Explanation:
Climate is the relative temperature of a region over time.
Which phase the cell cycle would the cell stop in if you disrupted:_______.
1. the protein DNA polymerase S phase.
2. the depolymerization of the microtubules metaphase.
3. the polymerization of actin cytokenesis.
4. the protein ligase S phase.
5. the chiasmata formation.
Answers
The interphase (G1, S, and G2 phases) precedes meiosis (Meiosis 1 and meiosis 2). Immediately after meiosis, cytokinesis occurs.
1: S phase / 2: Anaphase 1 and 2 / 3: cytokinesis / 4: S phase / 5: Prophase 1.
---------------------------------
The interphase occurs before cell division. It is composed of the G1, S, and G2 stages.
During the S stage occurs the DNI replication process. At this point, also happens the synthesis of histones and other associated proteins. This is the only stage where the DNI molecule is replicated.
Among the enzymes involved in the DNA replication process, two of them are
DNA polymerase III• Responsible for DNA elongation by adding nucleotides to the growing chain, from 3' to 5' extremes.
• It includes only nucleotides that complement the original strand.
• They need to recognize a primer to begin.
DNA polymerase I eliminate ARN primers and substitute them with DNA. DNA ligase seals the gaps that remain after replacing the primers by reestablishing phosphodiester bonds. They also bind the Okasaki fragments during the discontinuous strain synthesis.1. the protein DNA polymerase >>>>>>> S phase.
4. the protein ligase >>>>>>> S phase.
****************************************************
Through Meiosis, a diploid cell (2n) produces four haploid daughter cells (n).
After DNA replication there are two meiotic phases.
The first one is a reductive phase, in which homologous chromosomes separate. In the second phase, the cell suffers a new, not reductive division.During prophase 1 of meiosis, each chromosome carefully pairs with its homologous chromosome.
Crossing-over is the interchange of genetic information between two homologous chromosomes, making the daughter cells genetically different from the original one.
The point where the interchange of genetic information occurs is the chiasma.
5. the chiasma formation >>>>>>> propahase I
****************************************************
Antiparallel microtubules between the separating chromosomes compose the spindle apparatus.
These fibers get elongated during the anaphase, while chromosomes or chromatids migrate to the opposite poles of the cell.
The depolarization of the microtubules drives the chromosomes or chromatids to segregate during the anaphase.
2. the depolymerization of the microtubules >>>>>> anaphase I and II
****************************************************
Actin is a globular protein. Actin filaments are composed of the polymerization of the protein.
Among their many functions, actin polymers are involved in cytokinesis.
The final strangulation of the cytoplasm during the division process occurs through the organization of actin filaments.
Filaments form a ring structure, which progressively narrows its diameter until the complete separation of the two daughter cells.
3. the polymerization of actin >>>>>>> cytokenesis
*******************************
1. the protein DNA polymerase >>>>>>>>> S phase.
2. the depolymerization of the microtubules >>>>>>>>> anaphase I and II.
3. the polymerization of actin >>>>>>>>> cytokenesis.
4. the protein ligase >>>>>>>>> S phase
5. the chiasmata formation >>>>>>>>>>> prophase I
-----------------------------------------
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Explain how substitution, insertion, and deletion mutations are similar and different from one another.
Answers
Substitution:
Substitution is the switch of codons. A C could be switched to an A, but the original is now substituted for the new codon. This can change the amino acid present or it can be a silent mutation. If the stop codon is switched in, the protein will be cut short and the effects could be very serious.
Insertion:
Insertion is where base pairs are inserted into the DNA. This is different from substitution because nothing is getting switched out, just new ones are getting inserted. The original codons will still be present, just new ones are coming in. Insertions result in a frame-shift, which means everything after the mutation is shifted and nothing will be correct after this. Insertions are more harmful than substitution because it doesn't affect just one amino acid, but many.
Deletion:
Deletion is where some codons or DNA is deleted. This will result in everything after the mutation being incorrect and can cause drastic effects. Deletion is very similar to insertion because they both cause a frame-shift, but also very different because they do the opposite from one another. Deletion is also more harmful than substitution because of the frame-shift and the change in future amino acids.
The same sentences are written with a substitution, deletion, or insertion, much as a gene may have a substitution, deletion, or insertion mutation. Identify which sentence represents a substitution, which represents a deletion, and which represents an insertion.
Answers
Answer:
The question is incomplete, the complete question has been added as an attachment.
THE DGR AN represents deletion mutation
THE RED ANA TRA N represents insertion mutation
THE FOX WTS RED represents substitution mutation
Explanation:
Mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene. It can be of different types depending on how it occurs. A deletion mutation is that which involves the removal of one or more nucleotide base from the sequence.
An insertion mutation is the addition of one or more nucleotide bases to the sequence.
A substitution mutation is the replacement of one or more nucleotide base in a sequence.
The original sentences were:
1. THE RED ANT RAN
2. THE FOX WAS RED
3. THE DOG RAN
The three sentences that mutated/changed are:
1. THE DGR AN- in this sentence, letter O which represents one base is missing due to removal, making the original sentence (THE DOG RAN) alterated. Hence, this represents an example of deletion mutation.
2. THE RED ANA TRA N - in this case, Letter A has been added in between N and T. This makes the original sentence (THE RED ANT RAN) altered. Since addition of letter (base) occurred, this represents an example of insertion mutation.
3. THE FOX WTS RED - In this case, letter A in "WAS" was replaced by T, making the original sentence (THE FOX WAS RED) altered. Since a replacement of letter (base) is the case here, it represents an example of substitution mutation.
Difference between striated muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.
Answers
Answer:
Cardiac and skeletal muscle are both striated in appearance, while smooth muscle is not. Both cardiac and smooth muscle are involuntary while skeletal muscle is voluntary. ... While skeletal muscles are arranged in regular, parallel bundles, cardiac muscle connects at branching, irregular angles, called intercalated discs. interenet lol
Explanation:
Answer:
Striated muscles are the muscles that allow your body to move. Smooth muscles are the ones in the digestive system that allow food to move along the gut. I'm not sure about the Cardiac muscle.. I think it's something to do with the heart.
Explanation:
Hope this helps :) Please comment if it helped..
Industrial melanism refers to the dark pigmentation that evolved in some insects giving them protective coloration on vegetation darkened by soot in heavily industrialized areas prior to air pollution regulation. Assume that in one heavily polluted area near Birmingham, England in 1956, 79% of the moths of the species Biston betularia were black due to the presence of a dominant gene for melanism. Estimate the frequency of the dominant allele in this population, and the proportion of black moths that are heterozygous.
Answers
Answer:
The frequency of the dominant allele, p = 0.542The proportion of black moths that are heterozygous 2pq = 0.496Explanation:
According to Hardy-Weinberg, the allelic frequencies in a locus are represented as p and q, referring to the allelic dominant or recessive forms. The genotypic frequencies after one generation are p² (Homozygous dominant), 2pq (Heterozygous), q² (Homozygous recessive). Populations in H-W equilibrium will get the same allelic frequencies generation after generation. The sum of these allelic frequencies equals 1, this is p + q = 1.
In the same way, the sum of genotypic frequencies equals 1, this is
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
Being
p the dominant allelic frequency,q the recessive allelic frequency,p² the homozygous dominant genotypic frequencyq² the homozygous recessive genotypic frequency2pq the heterozygous genotypic frequencyIn the exposed example, 79% of the moths of the species Biston betularia were black due to the presence of a dominant gene for melanism.
If the genotypic frequency of back moths is 0.79, then, by performing the following equation we can get the not-black moths genotypic frequency:
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
where p² is the homozygous dominant genotypic frequency, q² the homozygous recessive genotypic frequency, and 2pq is the heterozygous genotypic frequency.
As 0.79 is the phenotypic frequency of black moths, then this frequency equals p²+2pq.
Clearing the equation:
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
0.79 + q² = 1
q² = 1 - 0.79
q² = 0.21
The genotypic frequency of non-black moths is 0.21. So, from here we can calculate the allelic frequency:
q² = 0.21
q= v 0.21
q = 0.458
If 0.46 is the allelic frequency of non-black moths, then by clearing the equation p + q = 1, we can get the p allelic frequency:
p + q = 1
p + 0.458 = 1
p = 1 - 0.458
p = 0.542
The genotypic frequency p² = (0.542)² = 0.294The heterozygote genotypic frequency2 x p x q = 2 x 0.542 x 0.458 = 0.496
Finally, we can check this answer by clearing the following equation:
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
0.294 + 0.496 + 0.21 = 1
The chemical groups into which hormones can be divided include
Answers
1.Lipid-derived
2.amino acid-derived
3. Peptides
both ethanol and glycine are small molecules of approximately equal molecular weight. However, ethanol is much more membrane permeable than glycine. What accounts for the large difference in membrane permeability between ethanol and glycine
Answers
Answer:
Ethanol is a non polar molecule.Therefore it passes through the cells membrane easily by diffusion like other non polar like CO2 and water.However, glycine is an amino acid ( the simplest amino acid) a charged molecule /polar molecule/.it can not therefore pass through the bilayer by simple diffusion because of the phospholipid bi-layers. Therefore special transport proteins are needed for its passage across the cell membrane.
Example-GLYT 1 and 2 are the carrier proteins specific for glycine transport across the membrane.
G
Explanation:
Caregiving has been associated with:____________
a) a stronger immune response.
b) a higher percentages of T cells.
c) underproduction of proinflammatory cytokines.
d) overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines.
Answers
write down two differences between axon and dendrites.
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Answer:
Axon takes information or impulse away from the cell body, whereas Dendrites bring information or impulse to the cell body of the neuron. Axons are long and single per cell and dendrites are short and multiple Axons don't have any ribosomes and Dendrites do.
The woman marked with a question mark is your friend. Knowing that you are taking Genetics, she comes to ask you for advice: she wants to have children, but is afraid that they will be sick with the disease. Her husband and her mother have no family history of HD. What is the probability that she is sick? What is the probability that her children will be, without knowing her own status regarding the disease?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The woman with the question mark is not sure if she has the HD disease,
The mother had no history of the disease this means she is not a carrier of the disease but we are not sure of the fathers genotype.
If the father is a carrier in an homozygous dominant form(aa) and the mother does not have the disease her. gentotype is AA
A A ×aa
Aa Aa Aa Aa This means all their offspring will be Carrier of the disease because each parents contributes 50% of the gene their offspring is made of.
The probability that she is sick is 0% but she could be a carrot of the disease in an heterozygote form
If the woman who is a carrier (Aa)of the disease marries a man with no history of the disease(AA)
Aa ×AA
I
AA AA Aa Aa
The probation of their offspring being a carrier in heterozygous form is 50% while the probability of the offspring being dominant of the disease is 0%. Hence, she should not be afraid since her mother and husband who could have contributed to determining the gene of this offspring are not carriers of this gene the offspring are safe.
supplies the diaphragm
Answers
Answer:
what?.................
Answer:
phrenic nerve.
Explanation:
Inferior phrenic arteries are closely related to the diaphragm and give off a few branches to supply it. They are the main source of vascular supply to the diaphragm. The left inferior phrenic artery ascends toward the left diaphragmatic crus associated with the inferior surface of the diaphragm.
The maximum water vapor that air can hold at 30°C is about 30 grams/cubic meter. If the humidity of the air is currently 6 grams/cubic meter at
the same temperature, the relative humidity is %.
Answers
Answer:
20%
Explanation:
6 ÷ 30 × 100
1÷5 × 100
20%
Which of the following is a benefit of globalization?
A. There is an increase in piracy of cargo ships in international
waters.
B. People do not usually venture far from where they were born.
C. Products can be flown to the other side of the world in less than a
day.
D. Advances in technology allow energy resources to produce less
pollution
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
More products can ensure people have a normal life as others and everyone will benefit
The correct option about Globalisation is “Advances in technology allow energy resources to produce less pollution”.
What is Globalisation ?The integration between the world economic system and the domestic economic system is referred to as globalisation. In different words, it can be described as a technique related to developing openness, developing economic interdependence and deepening economic integration inside the world economic system.
Thus, we can conclude that Globalisation leads to advancement in technology and hence allow energy resources to produce less pollution.
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Some fish have bony fins. If the body of water they are in dries out, these fins can be used to help the fish "walk" to another body of water. In this context, bony fins are an example of ________. A) an exaptation B) an adaptation C) a macroevolutionary event D) pedomorphosis
Answers
Answer:
A) an exaptation
Explanation:
Conduct research to find something interesting that proves protists are necessary.
Answers
Answer:
The slime molds are important to ecosystems because they act as decomposers which will release nutrients back into the environment. Earth basically depends on protists because they supply oxygen and are critical in the food chain.
A cell has two pairs of submetacentric chromosomes, which we will call chromosomes IA, IB, IIA, and IIB (chromosomes IA and I B are homologs, and chromosomes IIA and IIB are homologs). Allele M is located on the long arm of chromosome IA and allele m is located at the same position on chromosome IB. Allele P is located on the short arm of chromosome IA, and allele p is located at the same position on chromosome IB. Allele R is located on chromosome IIA and allele r is located at the same position on chromosome IIB.
A. Draw these chromosomes, identifying alleles M, m, P, p, R, and r as they would appear in metaphase I of meiosis. Assume there is no crossing over.
B. Taking into consideration the random separation of chromosomes in anaphase I, draw the possible types of gametes that might result from this cell’s undergoing meiosis. Assume that there is no crossing over.
Answers
Answer:
A) Allelic position in the chromosomes:
IA ----------M------------:-----------P----
IB ----------m------------:-----------p----
IIA -----------------R--------------------:---------------------
IIB -----------------r---------------------:---------------------
B) Types of gametes (assuming there is no crossing over):
MPR; MPr; mpR; mpr.
Explanation:
In submetacentric chromosomes, the centromere is located near to the middle of the chromosomes.
Since these two pairs of homologous chromosomes do not undergo crossover, the resulting gametes after meiosis may have four (4) allele combinations.
proof that something is true is called
evidence
opinion
Obelief
claim
Answers
Answer:
Evidence
Explanation:
Evidence is proof that something is true
Which is a negative impact on the earth caused by human population growth?
Answers
Answer:
Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have triggered climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water.
Explanation:
Hope this helped.
Answer:
Destruction of Natural Habitats
Explanation:
Arrange the followings so that they accurately display the anatomical terms from bottom to top in order of the deepest to most superficial.
a. hair shaft
b. hair bulb
c. dermal papilla
d. hair root
e. hair matrix
Answers
Answer:
The correct arrangement from starting with the one at the bottom and/or deepest to the most obvious to the eye is:
E) Hair Matrix (Deepest)
C) Dermal Papilla
B) Hair Bulb
D) Hair Root
A) Hair Shaft (Most superficial)
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