what was the status of enslaved people in the Medieval Muslim world?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

La historia del comercio árabe de esclavos está relacionada con la práctica de la esclavitud en el mundo islámico, principalmente en Asia Occidental, África del Norte, África Oriental y algunos lugares de Europa (como la península ibérica, el sur de Italia durante el período de dominación musulmana, o el Imperio otomano) y actualmente en algunos países musulmanes del Sahel. El comercio árabe de esclavos se concentraba en los mercados esclavistas de Oriente Medio y el norte de África. Los esclavos con los que se comerciaba no estaban limitados a ningún tipo de color, etnia o religión, y entre ellos se incluían árabes y bereberes, especialmente en los primeros tiempos de la esclavitud musulmana.

Posteriormente, durante los siglos VIII y IX, en la época del califato islámico, la mayoría de los esclavos musulmanes eran obtenidos principalmente a partir de los pueblos eslavos (de donde derivaría la palabra esclavo en varios idiomas) de la Europa Oriental, (llamados Saqaliba por los musulmanes), persas, turcos, pueblos de las montañas del Cáucaso, como los georgianos, armenios y circasianos, así como pueblos de Asia Central, Escandinavia, bereberes del norte de África y otros pueblos de origen variado, como pueblos negros de origen africano.

A partir del siglo XVIII los esclavos del mundo musulmán llegaron mayoritariamente del sur del Sahara, y especialmente de África Oriental, hasta que la esclavitud fue oficialmente abolida a finales del siglo XIX.1​2​3​4​ No obstante, la esclavitud todavía sobrevive actualmente en el mundo musulmán de forma mucho más limitada o camuflada bajo prácticas abusivas o clandestinas en los países árabes del Golfo Pérsico, donde llegan mujeres y niños de los antiguos Estados soviéticos, Europa Oriental, el Lejano Oriente, África, el sur de Asia y otras partes de Oriente Medio.5​6​7​

Todas las sociedades musulmanas han sido esclavistas, desde Arabia al este de África, de Persia a Indonesia o la antigua España islámica.[cita requerida] Algunos Estados musulmanes como el Imperio otomano, el kanato de Crimea y Sokoto, fueron sociedades basadas en la esclavitud. Se calcula que unos 10-18 millones de subsaharianos fueron vendidos en países musulmanes.8​9​ Entre el año 1530 a 1780, alrededor de 1,25 millones de europeos fueron esclavizados en el norte de África10​ y otros 2-3 millones de eslavos fueron vendidos por el Kanato de Crimea, en donde el 75% de la población estaba compuesta por esclavos.11​12​ En una sola razia, en el año 1769 fueron capturadas unas 20 000 personas en una de las últimas cometidas por Crimea.13​

A pesar de la abolición de la esclavitud, cientos de personas siguen siendo esclavizadas por musulmanes en diferentes países. Tan sólo en 2014, más de 260 niñas fueron vendidas en el norte de Nigeria por islamistas. Las razias también son frecuentes en Kenia, en donde otras 12 mujeres fueron raptadas el mismo año.14​15​ Otros 35.000 cristianos son actualmente esclavos en Sudán, en donde se siguen los preceptos de la Sharia.


Related Questions

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows. Yotimo is an 11-year-old boy living in the territory of Nunavut. His father decides he is old enough to learn how to use a harpoon to hunt seals. Yotimo is most likely a member of which cultural group? A. the Inuit B. the Makah C. the Iroquois D. the Algonquin Please select the best answer from the choices provided ОА ОВ ОС​

Answers

A because inuit is in the nunavut

Answer:

you said be more specific so The answer is option A

Explanation:

An essay’s thesis (or claim) should be included on an outline as part of the

Answers

Answer:

introduction

Explanation:

Answer:

1. INTRODUCTIONS

2. BODY PARAGRAPHS

3. CONCLUSIONS

Explanation:

I'm taking the assignment and on all three i got green checkmarks

Read the quotation, and then answer the question. Manifested means shown.
"His stern integrity, firmness of purpose,
unwavering courage ... and love of his
country, have been admirably manifested in
all the leading incidents of his eventful life,
and have proclaimed him the fearless asserter
and defender of the rights of man."
-Philo A. Goodwin,
Biography of Andrew Jackson, President of
the United States (1837)

Goodwin felt that Jackson was
A. Too unpredictable
B. Worthy of respect
C. Unforgiving
Which one?

Answers

B worthy of respect, he’s admiring Jackson

Answer:

worthy of respect

Explanation:

How could the impacts of European colonization affect the daily lives of Native Americans?

Answers

Answer:

Colonization ruptured many ecosystems, bringing in new organisms while eliminating others. The Europeans brought many diseases with them that decimated Native American populations. Colonists and Native Americans alike looked to new plants as possible medicinal resources

Explanation:

Would that help??

What do you think it means when Gilgamesh says ""A name i will establish?""

Answers

Answer:

He meant that he would build a reputation, a tribute himself.

Explanation:

Gilgamesh said those words when he is about to face the terrible Humbaba. He knew that this would be the battle of his life and he was willing to win it as a way of showing everyone that he would conquer the land he desired and establish his name on it, that is, by entering this battle and winning it, he would create a reputation as a warrior, successful, conqueror and victorious.

MARKING PEOPLE AS BRAINLIST ALOT OF POINTS! please if you don’t know please don’t answer I will report if you just want the points.

Answers

Answer:

3 different social classes

Explanation:

the clergy (First Estate) and nobility (Second Estate)—which were privileged minorities—and the Third Estate, which represented the .

Answer:

A) 3 different Social classes

Explanation:

They are the clergy (First Estate), nobility (Second Estate), and the Third Estate, which represented the majority of the people.

The main objection to the adoption of the United States Constitution was based primarily on the belief that

Answers

Answer: b. individual freedoms could be restricted by a strong central government .

Explanation:

The United States Constitution was created to replace the Articles of Confederation which had given the central/ federal government such little power that it was ineffective.

The Constitution therefore gave more power to the Federal Government but then some people were objected to this because they thought that power centralized in such a form could restrict individual freedoms.

A compromise was reached with the inclusion of the Bill of Rights in the US Constitution which would guarantee protection to the individual America.

Summarize the major developments in Europe that enabled the Age of Exploration

Answers

Answer:

Europe went through several major developments in the centuries prior the start of the Age of Exploration.

Besides the obvious developments in shipbuilding and navigation, other important developments were in the political arena. For example, Portugal, the first European country to engage in the Age of Exploration, could devote resources to do so because it had a relatively secured border.

Another important development is banking. Banking emerged in the late middle ages, in Italy. Banking allowed higher levels of capital accumulation that could finance the expensive trips that were required to explore new lands.

33. Expropriation without compensation is an example of the following government involvement with: a. The United States confiscated Iranian property in the United States, and Cuba confiscated property during the Cuban revolution of the 1950s, and Zimbabwe confiscated land owned by white Zimbabwean citizens. b. China with Hong Kong and Japan with the Kuril Islands. c. The United Kingdom with the Falklands. d. Canada with northern Maine.

Answers

Answer:

Option a (The united.........citizens) is the right approach.

Explanation:

Expropriation beyond justice seems to be an instance of interference including its administration of Iranian land seized throughout the United States mostly by the U.S. Mostly during the Cuban missile crisis including its 1950s, Cuba seized lands as well as Zimbabwe seized property occupied among white Zimbabwean citizens.

Those certain alternatives do not correspond to the case provided. So, the best option is the one above.

What was a consequence of violating the Sherman Antitrust Act?

Answers

Answer:

So first they got a big fined for hundreds of thousands of money and they get sent to prison for 3 years

Explanation:

Who wrote Pennsylvania's first constitution?
a. King Charles b. Oliver Cromwell c. Sir George Carteret d. William Penn

Answers

Answer:

d. William Penn

Explanation:

hope this helps, pls mark brainliest

What does the excerpt reveal about the historical context of the story

Answers

Ok, so there is a similar question to this so I'm just going to give you both of the answers. ok

Answer:

B. Traveling by train was common.

and the other one is

A. There is a market for stolen dogs to be used for labor in the North.

Hope this wasn't too confusing and hope this helped :)

There is a market for stolen dogs to be used for labor in the North. Thus option A is correct.

What is a story?

A story can be defined as a plot that describes an incident or an event. This tells about a message or morale that the person needs to gain. A story Can be fictitious that is it can be natural or not depending upon the author or the teller. The story has a plot character and theme around which the story is made.

The youngsters were starting an athletic club while the Judge was present at a gathering of the Raisin Growers' Association. Another of the gardener's assistants, Manuel, was a bad friend.

He went off with Buck about what Buck thought was just a stroll around the orchard without anyone noticing. Therefore, option A is the correct option.

Learn more about story, Here:

https://brainly.com/question/27826391

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The question is incomplete, the complete question will be :

And this was the manner of dog Buck was in the fall of 1897, when the Klondike strike dragged men from all the world into the frozen North. But Buck did not read the newspapers, and he did not know that Manuel, one of the gardener's helpers, was an undesirable acquaintance. . . .

The Judge was at a meeting of the Raisin Growers' Association, and the boys were busy organizing an athletic club, on the memorable night of Manuel's treachery. No one saw him and Buck go off through the orchard on what Buck imagined was merely a stroll. And with the exception of a solitary man, no one saw them arrive at the little flag station known as College Park. This man talked with Manuel, and money chinked between them.

What does the excerpt reveal about the historical

context of the story?

O There is a market for stolen dogs to be used for

labor in the North

O There is a prevailing distrust of the information in

newspapers

California farmers are working to change

agricultural laws

Families use expensive security systems to guard

their homes

What Amendment in the Bill of Rights is the most important? Why do you believe this?

Answers

Answer:

To me, the most important Bill of Rights is the First Amendment. This right is so important because it protects our rights to speech, press, petition, religion, and assembly.

Explanation:

Legends of sleepy hollow common lit

Answers

Answer:

is free ?

Explanation:

What did hitler claim when he united Germany and Austria

Answers

Answer:

Hitler wanted all German-speaking nations in Europe to be a part of Germany. To this end, he had designs on re-uniting Germany with his native homeland, Austria.

Hitler claim when he united Germany and Austria was uniting all German speaking people in one 'greater Germany'.

Who was Hitler?

German politician Adolf Hitler, who was born in Austria, ruled Germany as its dictator from 1933 until his death in 1945.

He became the chancellor in 1933 and the Fuhrer Reichskanzler in 1934 when the Nazi Party's leader grew to prominence.

They contended that Germans had been denied the right to self-determination under Adolf Hitler's Plans for Austria. In order to unify all Germans under a Nazi German empire and to gain "living space" in eastern Europe, the Nazis needed to redraw the borders of Europe.

Therefore, Hitler claim when he united Germany and Austria was uniting all German speaking people in one 'greater Germany'.

To know more about the Hitler, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/12778492

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Use the integer tiles to find the quotient:

–18 ÷ 6 =

Answers

Answer:

-3

Explanation:

When you are dividing a negative number, by a positive number, the outcome will be negative, because they don't have the same "sign". So, you just divide 18 by 6. Then you get 3. Since they're both not a positive number, you put a negative sign in the front of the 3. Hence: -3.

Answer:

-3

Explanation:

Got it right on EDGE 2021 :)

What Hypothesis will the experiment test. Its in Energy and temperature ​

Answers

Answer:

it will test both

Explanation:

it will test both because you are going to use both of them in the experiment.

what is something you can relate to in political parties?

Answers

In some democracies, there are only two big political parties. For example, in the United States, there is the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. Some other parties exist but are very small and do not hold seats in Congress. In other countries there are larger numbers of parties.

say something nice about me cause im feeling down. i will give you a brainily

Answers

Answer:

god loves you and will for ever no mater what happens to you

u prolly don't think so but i bet tht at least 5 people r thinking abt u rn and at least one of them is a g/b and they have a crush on u but r too chicken to tell u.

Explain how Jane
Addams' Hull House in
Chicago helped female
European immigrants
during the Progressive
Era (1890-1920).

Answers

Answer:

Addams and other Hull-House residents sponsored legislation to abolish child labor, establish juvenile courts, limit the hours of working women, recognize labor unions, make school attendance compulsory and ensure safe working conditions in factories.

Explanation:

The Earth can gain or lose matter

Answers

Answer:

The earth "can" is the answer

Answer:

It can lose and gain matter

Explanation:

Things can fall into earth and be brought out of it like a rocket.

English colonies were established by joint-stock companies controlled by, monarchs, clergymen, businessmen, or American Indian Leaders

Answers

Answer:

Granted a charter by King James I in 1606, the Virginia Company was a joint-stock company created to establish settlements in the New World. This is a seal of the Virginia Company, which established the first English settlement in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Joint stock companies such as the Virginia Company were granted charters by the British government, but they were funded by private investors. This provided a way for the British to get involved in the colonization of the New World while minimizing economic risk to the crown

Explanation:

Answer:

monarchs

Explanation:

Read the statement. The legislative branch is known as the “_[blank]_ Branch” of the federal government. Which best completes the sentence?
Citizens’
Your
People’s
Americans’

Answers

Answer: People’s

Explanation: it is the branch on which the citizens of the U.S. have the greatest impact and influence :)

What as one result of northern whites' fears of racial equality?

A. Race riots
B. Plessy v. Ferguson
C. literacy tests
D. Poll Taxes​

Answers

That ones for google

Answer:

literacy test

Explanation:

a literacy test was when African Americans had to write something down on a piece of paper but they had to write a word or a phrase that a white told them to write. whatever they wrote it had to be written correctly. literacy test were just northern whites' fears of racial equality, because they did not want African Americans involved in their politics, so they created the literacy test because most African Americans didn't know how to write.

pls mark as brainliest.

Which of the following does NOT have the power of law?

A. Executive orders

B. Legislative speeches

C. Bureaucratic rules and regulations

D. Supreme Court rulings

Answers

Answer:

b. legislative speechless

Which two statements describe outcomes of the Latin American revolutions?

Answers

Answer:

Many new nations in Latin America struggles to create a government and a stable economy.

James Monroe supported the independence movements and warned European nations to stay away.

Answer:

the other answer is right:)

Explanation:

With the Adams-Onis treaty, who kept the southwest from Texas to California?

England
France
Spain
United States

Answers

Answer:

Spain

Explanation:

Spanish settlers tended to build towns
a. in areas with fertile soil, to support farming.
b. with some regard for Native American settlements in the region.
c. around the missions and presidios.
d. in mountainous regions, offering protection from Native American attacks.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

All of the following are solutions for reducing air pollution except

Answers

what are the options
Answer: Decreasing the use of public transportation.

An intentional misrepresentation of reality for financial gain is

Answers

Answer:

Your answer is: Fraud

Explanation:

Hope this helped : )

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