What was the innovation by Edward Bok, Ladies Home Journal editor, termed "running over into the back"?

The theory of war making and state making, also known as the bellicist theory, suggests that the process of state formation is closely tied to warfare and military competition.

According to this theory, states develop their political structures, administrative capacities, and centralized power primarily to engage in military conflicts and defend their territories.

War making promotes state making by necessitating the development of strong and effective institutions, taxation systems, and bureaucracies to support the war effort.

In turn, these developments contribute to the formation of a more unified, cohesive, and well-governed state, which is better equipped to address both internal and external threats.

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Roman Republican portraiture is characterized primarily by its "unidealized realism". The correct answer is B.

Roman Republican portraiture emerged in the early Roman Republic (509-27 BCE) and is characterized by a focus on individualism and the depiction of individuals as they truly were, rather than idealized or stylized representations.

These portraits were typically made of marble or bronze, and they were often displayed in public spaces to honor prominent citizens and politicians.

Unlike earlier Etruscan portrait conventions that emphasized idealized beauty and symmetry, Roman Republican portraits aimed for realism and individuality.

They often depicted the subject's physical imperfections, such as wrinkles and blemishes, and sought to capture the personality and character of the individual.

While bronze was a popular medium for Roman Republican sculpture, it was not exclusive to this period.

Polychrome finishes, which involve the use of multiple colors to decorate sculptures, were also used in ancient Rome but were not a defining characteristic of Roman Republican portraiture.

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The National socialist government launched number of policies to help women and mothers in order to promote having children.

In the 1930s and the first few years of the 1940s, the Adolf Hitler-led National Socialist government in Germany implemented a number of measures to encourage motherhood and raise the birthrate. Young couples were given loans from the government at no interest to help them start homes and families.

A medal was given to mothers who had had four or more children. It was regarded as a social status symbol and a badge of honor. The government provided free medical care for expectant mothers and new mothers, as well as financial assistance for child care and raising children.

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The statement "the colonial clergy failed to support the cause of independence during the buildup to revolution" is mostly false because while it is true that some members of the colonial clergy did not actively support the cause of independence, there were also many who did.

In fact, the role of the clergy in promoting revolutionary ideals cannot be overlooked. Many ministers gave fiery sermons in support of colonial rights and liberties, and some even became leaders of the revolutionary movement. Examples include the Presbyterian minister John Witherspoon, who was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and the Congregationalist minister Samuel Adams, who played a key role in organizing the Boston Tea Party.

Additionally, many of the men who served as chaplains in the Continental Army were ministers. While it is important to acknowledge that not all members of the clergy supported the cause of independence, it is inaccurate to suggest that the colonial clergy as a whole failed to do so.

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The City of Machu Picchu, built by the Inka in the Central highlands of Peru, is a remarkable architectural complex made of granite that served as a sacred and administrative center.

The Inka built Machu Picchu around 1450-1540 C.E. in the Central highlands of Peru, and it served as a sacred and administrative center. The site contains various elements, such as housing for elites, retainers, and maintenance staff, religious shrines, fountains, and terraces. Carved rock outcrops are a signature element of Inka art and can be found throughout the site, highlighting their exceptional carving skills.

The City of Machu Picchu is a testament to Inka's impressive engineering and architectural skills, as the site is located on a steep ridge between two mountains and is designed to withstand earthquakes. The use of granite and the skillful crafting of the stonework is a testament to their mastery of stone.

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4.Banks had been weakened by low farm productivity.

When the stock market fell in 1929, the Roaring Twenties came to an abrupt end, triggering the Great Depression and a roughly 90% decline in the Dow.

The lengthy period of speculation that preceded the 1929 Wall Street crash was a major contributing factor. During this time, millions of people invested their savings or borrowed funds to purchase stocks, driving prices to unsustainable levels.

Equities were considerably overvalued at that point as a result of declining production and rising unemployment. There were other other reasons that contributed to the stock market catastrophe.

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In early American cities,  the most common modes of transportation for Americans to get to work included walking, riding horses,

riding in wagons, and taking public trains.

Walking was a popular option for many people, especially those living close to their workplace.

It was cost-effective and accessible for most individuals.

Riding horses was another method of transportation for those who could afford to own and maintain a horse.

Horses provided a faster and more efficient way to travel compared to walking, allowing people to cover greater distances in shorter amounts of time.

Riding in wagons was another option for individuals and families, particularly in rural areas where distances between destinations were longer.

Wagons, drawn by horses or oxen, allowed people to transport goods and travel together, making it a convenient choice for many.

Taking public trains became increasingly popular as industrialization progressed and cities expanded. Trains offered a fast, reliable, and affordable mode of transportation, especially for those living farther away from their workplace.

Public trains connected cities and towns, allowing workers to commute to urban centers where job opportunities were more abundant.

In summary, early American cities witnessed most Americans traveling to work using various modes of transportation, such as walking, riding horses, riding in wagons, and taking public trains.

Each method had its advantages and was suitable for different needs and circumstances.

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The Half-Way Covenant was dangerous to the Congregationalist churches in New England because it threatened to undermine their spiritual and social cohesion.

The Half-Way Covenant was a religious and political compromise introduced in the 1660s by some Congregationalist ministers in New England.

It allowed the children of baptized but unconverted members to be baptized and admitted to the church as "halfway" members, who could participate in church services and receive some sacraments but could not vote in church affairs or take communion.

The Half-Way Covenant was controversial because it loosened the requirements for full church membership and weakened the distinction between the elect and the unconverted.

The Puritan colonists had come to New England in the 17th century to establish a godly society based on a covenant relationship with God. The Puritans believed that only the elect were worthy of full church membership, and they practiced strict church discipline to maintain the purity of the church.

The Half-Way Covenant challenged this ideal by allowing the children of unconverted members to be baptized and admitted to the church. This compromise weakened the spiritual integrity of the church and opened the door to the admission of unconverted members, who might dilute the religious fervor of the congregation.

Moreover, the Half-Way Covenant was a political issue as well. The Congregationalist churches in New England were also the centers of political power, and church membership conferred important social privileges, such as the right to vote and hold public office.

The Half-Way Covenant threatened to dilute the political power of the Puritan elite by allowing more people to participate in church affairs.

The controversy over the Half-Way Covenant contributed to the decline of the Congregationalist churches in New England in the 18th century, as dissenters and new religious movements challenged their authority and spiritual vitality.

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Answer:  b. Economic imperialism.

Explanation:

The British East India Company was a form of economic imperialism. It was a joint-stock company formed in 1600 to trade with India and the East Indies. Over time, the company became involved in the administration of India and eventually became the de facto ruler of large parts of India. The company controlled trade, collected taxes, and maintained its own army and navy.

The British East India Company's main objective was to maximize profits through trade, and it used its economic power to influence political and social developments in India. The company's control over India increased over time, leading to the establishment of British colonial rule in India. The company's activities in India were driven by economic interests, and it used its economic power to exert control over the Indian economy.

Therefore, while the British East India Company eventually became the de facto ruler of large parts of India, it was not a colony, protectorate, or sphere of influence in the traditional sense. Rather, it was an economic enterprise that used its economic power to exert control over Indian society and politics.

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A sepoy is: c. An Indian soldier in the British army.

To provide a more detailed explanation, a sepoy refers to an Indian soldier who served in the British East India Company's army or later, the British Indian Army. These soldiers were recruited from various regions and communities in India and played a vital role in the British colonial presence in the Indian subcontinent. The term "sepoy" is derived from the Persian word "sipahi," which means "soldier."

The other options given do not accurately describe a sepoy. Option a refers to soldiers serving in the Indian army, which is separate from the British Indian Army where sepoys served.

Option b, rebel-converted civilians, describes individuals who might have joined an armed uprising against an authority but does not specifically relate to sepoys. Lastly, option d, lower-class Indian peasants, refers to a socioeconomic group rather than the military role that a sepoy played in the British army.

In summary, a sepoy is an Indian soldier who served in the British army, contributing to the colonial presence in India during the British rule. They were recruited from various regions and communities across India and played a vital role in maintaining the British control in the Indian subcontinent.

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As part of the post-WWII rehabilitation and economic recovery efforts, companies, factories, schools, and transit networks reopened in SC.

It was given the name "Marshall Plan" in honour of Secretary of State George Marshall, who in 1947 suggested that the United States offer financial aid to rebuild postwar Europe's economic infrastructure.

Millions of people were dead and homeless at the end of the war, the European economy had collapsed, and a large portion of the industrial infrastructure had been destroyed. The Soviet Union had also suffered significantly.

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One significant event that occurred in Spain before World War II was the Spanish Civil War, which took place from 1936 to 1939.  It resulted in the establishment of a fascist dictatorship under Franco, which lasted until his death in 1975 which leads to World War II. It also impacted the artistic and literary community.

The Spanish Civil war was fought between the Republicans, who were loyal to the democratic government, and the Nationalists, who were led by General Francisco Franco and were supported by fascist Italy and Nazi Germany occurred in Spain before World War II.

The Spanish Civil War had significant implications for Spain and Europe as a whole, as it established dictatorship under Franco.

The war also served as a precursor to World War II, as fascist powers used it as an opportunity to test their military strategies and equipment. It also led to the formation of the International Brigades, a group of international volunteers who fought on the side of the Republicans and became a symbol of international solidarity against fascism.

Additionally, the war had a profound impact on the literary and artistic community, as many writers and artists participated in or were affected by the conflict, including Pablo Picasso, George Orwell, and Ernest Hemingway.

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The import from Europeans got out upwards of nine-tenths free from the Local American populace Disease. option (A) is correct.

Maybe the single most prominent effect of European colonization on the North American climate was the presentation of infection. Organisms to which local occupants had no invulnerability caused affliction and passed wherever Europeans settled.

European pilgrims carried these new infections with them when they settled, and the ailments wrecked the Local Americans — by certain evaluations killing as much as 90% of their populace. That implies around 55 million individuals died in light of brutality and never-before-seen microorganisms like smallpox, measles, and flu.

Therefore, option (A) is correct.

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This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:

What import from Europeans wiped out as many as nine-tenths of the Native American population?

a. Disease

b. Cannons

c. Colonists

d. Horses

The Temple of Minerva (also known as the Temple of Veii) was mainly made out of tufa and terracotta. Therefore the correct option is option C.

The Temple of Minerva is an ancient Etruscan temple in Veii, Italy, and is one of the best-preserved specimens of Etruscan architecture.

Tufa, a type of volcanic rock, was used to build the temple's foundation and substructure, while terracotta was utilised for the decorative components, such as the roof tiles, antefixes, and sculptures.

The temple's walls were additionally adorned with colourful ceramic reliefs depicting events from Etruscan mythology and daily life. Therefore the correct option is option C.

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The famous man who was among the defenders and got captured is Louis Zamperini. Louis Zamperini was an American World War II veteran, Olympic distance runner, and a prisoner of war survivor.

He competed in the 1936 Berlin Olympics as a long-distance runner and later joined the U.S. Army Air Forces as a bombardier during World War II. In 1943, Zamperini's aircraft, the B-24 Liberator, crashed into the Pacific Ocean due to mechanical issues.

He survived the crash along with two other crew members and spent 47 days adrift in a life raft, enduring harsh conditions, hunger, and shark attacks. They were eventually captured by the Japanese Navy and taken as prisoners of war.

While in captivity, Zamperini faced brutal treatment from his captors, including starvation, physical abuse, and psychological torture. Despite these hardships, he maintained his resilience and determination to survive.

After the war, Zamperini returned to the United States, where he became a motivational speaker and authored a memoir, "Unbroken," which later became a best-selling book and a Hollywood film.

In summary, Louis Zamperini is a famous man who was among the defenders and got captured during World War II. His story of survival and resilience has inspired many people around the world.

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The Victorian shift in attitudes towards Africa, as described by Ferguson in Source 1, was most strongly connected to the rise of European imperialism and colonialism in the nineteenth century.

During this period, European powers were expanding their empires and seeking to exert control over territories around the world, including in Africa. This led to a shift in attitudes towards Africa, as Europeans began to view the continent as a source of raw materials, markets, and potential colonies.

As Ferguson notes, this shift in attitudes was also influenced by cultural factors, such as the rise of social Darwinism and the belief in European racial superiority. These attitudes were reinforced by European explorers and missionaries, who often portrayed Africa as a savage and backward continent in need of European intervention and guidance.

Overall, the Victorian shift in attitudes towards Africa was closely tied to the broader historical context of European imperialism and colonialism in the nineteenth century, as well as cultural factors such as social Darwinism and racial superiority.

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The system of imperial rule set by the Parliament in 1858 was called c. British Raj.

The British Raj was the period of British colonial rule in India, which lasted from 1858 to 1947. It began after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, which led to the dissolution of the British East India Company and the direct administration of India by the British government.

In 1858, the British Parliament passed the Government of India Act, transferring the power from the East India Company to the British Crown.

Under the British Raj, India was governed by a Viceroy (representing the British monarch) and the Indian Civil Service, which comprised of mostly British officials.

The British implemented a policy of indirect rule, utilizing Indian princely states and local leaders to maintain control. This allowed them to minimize the need for a large British presence, while still maintaining overall authority.

The British Raj introduced significant changes to India's political, social, and economic landscape. It led to the construction of railways, telegraph lines, and modern infrastructure.

However, the British also exploited India's resources and people to further their own interests, resulting in widespread poverty, famine, and social unrest. This eventually led to the Indian independence movement, culminating in India gaining independence from British rule in 1947.

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Roman superstition resulted in the persecution of Christians because their novel and strange belief system was seen as a challenge to established beliefs and social standards.

Although it is frequently asserted that Christians were persecuted for refusing to worship the emperor, it is more likely that persecution of Christians stemmed from their failure to perform sacrifices or worship the gods, as was the custom throughout the Roman Empire.

Many people thought Christians despised people because they kept secrets and avoided social situations. Many pagans believed that the gods would chastise the Roman people and get enraged ince Christians refused to participate in the old religious rituals.

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The significance of collective bargaining: Equal pay and working conditions are both enhanced as a result. It gives management and employees a chance to talk to each other at the negotiation table on the same level.

It is a procedure that aims to assist workers in obtaining improved wages, benefits, and working conditions. It is likewise a cycle which can assist a business with guaranteeing that they get the best specialists, consistency with efficiency, and a bunch of guidelines that each laborer can be held to while in the working environment.

Due to the fact that strikes can frequently escalate into violence if an employer reacts negatively, employers must carefully respond to these strikes. As a result, the employer must consider the requests of the employees and select the best course of action after consulting with their staff.

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During the Battle of the Alamo, Santa Anna, the leader of the Mexican army, lost around 600 men. This was a significant loss for the Mexican army, as they were up against a much smaller force of around 200 Texan soldiers.

The battle took place from February 23 to March 6, 1836, and ended with a Mexican victory. The loss of so many men was a blow to Santa Anna's army, and it had an impact on the rest of the conflict. The Texans, though they ultimately lost the battle, were able to hold out for 13 days against a much larger and better-equipped army.

This gave them a sense of pride and determination, and ultimately helped them to win the war for independence.The Battle of the Alamo is a significant event in American history, and it has been celebrated and commemorated in many ways over the years.

While the loss of life on both sides was significant, it is important to remember the sacrifices that were made by those who fought for their beliefs and their freedom.

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The most associated with the government plan known as the New Deal is Franklin Roosevelt

It should be noted that Roosevelt led the implementation of the New Deal,  however this ca be seen as the series of programs designed to provide relief, recovery, as well a reform to Americans and the American economy during the Great Depression.

In conclusion, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal (1933–39) bring about the immediate economic relief  which bring about reforms to stabilize the economy.

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The social structure of American colonial cities from 1690 to 1770 was influenced by various factors, including an absence of urban poverty, an increasing gap between the wealthy and the poor, steadily declining property values and taxes, and the end of colonial warfare.

These factors played a significant role in shaping the social and economic landscape of the cities during this time period.

The absence of urban poverty helped to create a more stable social structure, while the increasing gap between the wealthy and the poor led to social tensions and unrest. The decline in property values and taxes further exacerbated these tensions and made it more difficult for individuals to maintain their status and position within society.

Finally, the end of colonial warfare brought about significant changes to the social structure, as many individuals who had previously held positions of power and influence were forced to adapt to the new realities of post-war life.

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Answer: Being Healthy Personality

Explanation: Exercising is essential for our body.It keep our body fit and calm.Keeping journal reminad us what to do for day.This will create emotional support when we write our words on paper.

One of the suggested purposes for Paleolithic cave paintings is thought to have been insurance for the survival of the herd. The correct option is b. insurance for the survival of the herd.

The paintings depict various animals that were hunted by the tribes and were essential for their survival. By depicting these animals on the cave walls, the tribes were able to establish a connection with the animals and possibly even honor them. This could have been seen as a way of asking for the animals' protection and ensuring a successful hunt in the future.

Furthermore, the paintings could have acted as a form of education for younger members of the tribe, showing them which animals were important and how to hunt them. Additionally, the paintings could have been used for ritual purposes, as the tribe may have believed that by painting the animals they were able to connect with their spiritual essence. Overall, while the purpose of Paleolithic cave paintings may not be fully understood, their depiction of essential animals suggests that they played a crucial role in the survival of the tribes.

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The wars of the latter eighteenth century had a devastating impact on Ebenezer Macintosh of Boston.

Century is a period of 100 years. It is commonly used to describe a lengthy period of time in history. In the Gregorian calendar, a century consists of four decades, or ten years. It is also used to refer to the time span of a person's life, such as a person who is in their late 80s or early 90s having lived through the 20th century. In terms of centuries, a person can be said to have seen the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries.

The wars not only imposed economic hardships and deprivation, but they also destroyed his faith in democratic government. The wars caused a disruption of trade and a decrease in demand for goods like those produced by the shoemaker, ultimately leading to an economic downturn that affected him and many other people in his community.

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Also, it would strengthen Mexican control of the territory of Texas, San Antonio. This suggests that a particular action or event would have a positive impact on the Mexican government's control over the region of Texas, specifically the city of San Antonio.

A possible scenario that could lead to strengthened Mexican control might be an increase in the military presence or improved infrastructure in the region.

By investing in the area and providing better resources and support, the Mexican government could assert greater authority over the territory of Texas, San Antonio.

This would help maintain law and order, promote economic growth, and potentially reduce any local resistance or opposition to Mexican rule.

In conclusion, the statement implies that a certain action or event would have a positive effect on Mexican control of the territory of Texas, San Antonio.

It is possible by increasing security, enhancing infrastructure, or providing other forms of support that would benefit the region and the people living there.

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The Treaty of Ghent event removed many of the issues that had brought Britain to war with the United States . Option C is correct .

The signing of the Treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814, marked the conclusion of a meeting in Belgium between American delegates and British commissioners. Incredible England consented to give up cases toward the Northwest Domain, and the two nations promised to pursue finishing the slave exchange.

The British Orders-in-Council, which restricted American trade with Europe, and impressment, the Royal Navy's practice of recruiting seamen from American merchant ships to supplement its chronically undermanned warship crews, were the two primary causes of the war.

The British wanted to raise a large number of loyalist armies to fight the Americans because they believed they had overwhelming support for the crown in the south. Supporter troops would expand their labor without inquisitive for additional English soldiers that were sent across the world and in England.

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In "Bitter Side of Sweet," Amadou does not attempt to escape like Khadija does because he is afraid of the consequences. Amadou is aware of the dangers of the forest and the fact that the bosses will harm anyone who tries to escape.

He has also seen what happens to those who are caught, including being beaten and even killed.

Furthermore, Amadou feels responsible for his younger brother Seydou, who he has been caring for since their parents passed away.

He knows that if he attempts to escape and fails, Seydou will be left alone with no one to protect him.

Therefore, Amadou chooses to stay and continue working on the cocoa farm despite the harsh conditions and lack of freedom.

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Of the following, the function of the Apollo 11 Stones as "To be a symbol of reproduction and fertility as the 'second skull'" is not a realistic one. Therefore the correct option is option B.

The purpose of the Apollo 11 Stones is unknown, however historians believe they were likely utilised for many purposes. The Apollo 11 Stones could have the following realistic functions:

Therefore the correct option is option B.

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In the 1950s the centers of many cities deteriorated as middle-class families left the city-deprived urban areas of _Tax dollars.

The middle-class tax dollars that went to the suburbs caused the centers of many American cities to deteriorate. In the late 1950s, almost 40 million Americans lived in poverty and the poverty rate was approximately 22%. The rate steadily decreased to 11.1% in 1973 and increased three times to 15% in 1983, 1993, and 2011 – before hitting an all-time low of 10.5% in 2019.

TAX US. is the money collected in the form of taxes and it is often used to talk about government spending: federal/local/state tax dollars The campaign was funded largely through local tax dollars. The source of tax dollars is Federal Revenue. Tax dollars are supposed to be used for Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and Veterans Affairs benefits and services.

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