Answer:
There are specific receptors present on the surface of the normal cell membrane to recognize the molecules to allow them to pass or not. Most of the bacterial toxin are water-soluble molecules, and bound to the cell surface and interact with them as some time antibody-antigen interaction or cell recognition does not occur that form a pore in the cell membrane and toxins move into the cell.
Once toxins enter the cell they attack intracellular targets through endocytic vesicles. Ultimately these ends in cell death.
The cells are not able to stop the flow of the mentioned harmful substances into the cell as they fail to recognize them as foreign entities. These foreign toxins have intracellular targets with which they bind and lead to death of the cell.
Cell death due to foreign toxins:The plasma membrane is formed of lipids. The toxins produced by the bacterial cells are water soluble. Therefore, they identify particular receptors on the membrane and associate with them. Thus, cell at certain occasions fail to identify them as foreign entities.
They combine with the plasma membrane of the cell and induce pore formation, however, there are many toxins that invade the cell and possess intracellular targets via endocytic vesicles. With the help of these vesicles, they deliver their enzymatic domain into the cytosol and results in the death of the cell by obstructing the metabolism of the cell.
Thus, cells fail to identify the bacterial toxins as foreign entities and they invade the cell and results in cell death.
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is a product of glycolysis, pyruvate processing, and the citric acid cycle.
CO2
ATP
NADH
FADH2
ATP is a product of glycolysis, pyruvate processing, and the citric acid cycle.
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway by which glucose is degraded up to two pyruvate molecules, while energy is produced in the form of ATP and NADH.
It takes place in a series of nine reactions, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme, to form two molecules of pyruvic acid, with the production of ATP.The Krebs cycle produces the release of acetyl-CoA resulting in the formation of an acid with six carbon atoms, citric acid.
A series of sequential reactions then occur, each mediated by a specific enzyme.In one of the reactions of the cycle, a molecule of ATP is produced, this molecule as an energy intermediate can take energy in catabolic reactions or give it up in anabolic reactions.Therefore, we can conclude that ATP is a product of glycolysis, pyruvate processing, and the citric acid cycle.
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What is the stomie number of this atom?
A,b,c 8,13,9,5,4
Answer:
The atomic number is the number of protons (positive charge) in an atom.
Explanation:
I don't know the atomic number of your atom because it differs for all atomes, just count the number of positive charges and thats the answer. HOPE THIS HELPS!!!
↖(^ω^)↗
(PLZ help me ill give brainiest)
Which of the following explains why anatomy and physiology are closely related?
A. Biological systems are organized in a hierarchical manner.
B. These disciplines have implications in diverse medical and scientific fields.
C. Humans are complex living beings, with multiple organ systems required for human life.
D. Structure and function are interdependent.
What is a list of combination biomolecules?
Answer:
Biomolecules include large macromolecules (or polyanions) such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites and natural products. A more general name for this class of material is biological materials.
Explanation:
{ pls help me brainiest }
Which type of sensory receptors monitor position and movement of the body?
A. Photoreceptors
B. Chemoreceptors
C. Proprioceptors
D. Exteroceptors
Answer:
C. Proprioceptors
Explanation:
Firstly option A. Photoreceptors - Is responsible for our vision and is a subcategory for option D. Exteroceptors.
External receptors that respond to stimuli from outside the body are called exteroceptors.
Option C. is the correct answer because Proprioceptors is the sense of self-movement and body position. It sometimes may also be referred to as our sixth sense.
Hope this Helps :)
The diploid number of chromosomes in a species is always what
A diploid cell always contains two complete sets of chromosomes, which is described as 2n.
What is a diploid cell?Two complete sets of chromosomes are present in a diploid cell. The majority of human cells are diploid, with 23 chromosomal pairs totaling 46 chromosomes. This consists of a pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes. The mother and father each contributed one copy of each pair of chromosomes to the individual.
Through the process of mitosis, diploid cells replicate and maintain the same number of chromosomes by making a copy of each chromosome and dividing their DNA equally among their daughter cells.
Blood cells, skin cells, and muscle cells are examples of diploid cells. These cells are called somatic cells. Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes.
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What are common hazards in risk assesment?
15. A man with normal color vision marries a woman with normal color
vision. BUT Mom's father was colorblind, and she is a carrier. If this couple
has a son, what is the chance he is colorbling?
*
0% of boys are colorblind
25% of boys are colorblind
50% of boys are colorblind
100% of boys are colorblind
Answer:
0%
Explanation:
Colorblind is usually a recessive trait therefore there is no situation, unless the father has a colorblind gene, that the child would be colorblind.
A base is best defined as a substance that:
O A. both captures and releases hydrogen (H+) ions in a s
B. removes hydrogen (H) ions from a solution.
C. adds hydrogen (H-) ions to a solution.
O D. stays in a solution whenever it contains hydrogen (H-)
Answer:
B
Explanation:
a base is a negatively charged anion capable of reacting with anion species such as H ions
10. Use the theory of evolution to explain the observation that there are no tuskless males in the
park. WHY do males retain their tusks, when 50% of females lost them.
Type Here
Based on the theory of evolution, poaching of males for their tusk exacted a pressure on the elephant population which made more tuskless males to survive more than males with tucks as a result of natural selection.
Also, tucklessness as a trait is sex-linked, this explains why 50% of females lost their tusks why the males retain theirs.
Recall:
The theory of evolution describes the change that occur overtime through natural selection, whereby, offspring that are "fitter" are reproduced.Those that lack the fitness to survive produce fewer offspring than will survive.Male elephants are known to have tusks. However, poaching of elephants with tusks have exacted the pressure of natural selection on the population of elephants in the park.
The few tuskless males that are left surviving therefore produce more offspring as they pass the gene of tucklessness to their offspring. Over a long time, more tuckless males emerge while males with tusks will become almost non-existence as a result of natural selection.
A study showed that most females elephants have no incisors which suggests that the trait for tucklessness is sex-linked. This explains why 50% of the females lost their tusks and males retain theirs.
In summary, based on the theory of evolution, poaching of males for their tusk exacted a pressure on the elephant population which made more tuskless males to survive more than males with tucks as a result of natural selection.
Also, tucklessness as a trait is sex-linked, this explains why 50% of females lost their tusks why the males retain theirs.
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What is another term for the responding variable?
primary variable
dependent variable
independent variable
uncontrolled variable
Explanation:
Answer:
the dependent variable would be the answer
Explanation:
i took the test
How many protons are in the nucleus of an atom with an atomic number of 12?
I hope it helps for you
Cells are usually very small. Why is it an advantage to have many small cells instead of one very large cell?
Select all that apply.
b
OOOO
Having a larger volume lets the organelles float around more.
The surface area of the cell determines how much material can be moved in and out.
The larger surface area prevents material from moving in and out of the cell.
It is important for cells to be able to move material in and out of the cell.
c
d
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
What are the 3 layers within the skin organ?
epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat
Which statements are true of all plants? Select four options.
All plants are vascular.
All plants are multicellular.
All plants are eukaryotic.
All plants are autotrophic.
All plants need sunlight.
All plants reproduce sexually.
Answer:
B, C, D, E
Explanation:
I took the test and got it right yw :)
Answer:
bcde
Explanation:
got it right on test
In 3-4 sentences, please describe the importance of the diagram below. What is so significant when comparing the about the F1 and F2 generation?
The _____ temperature and the _____ pressure on Earth's inner core force it to remain a solid. (4 points)
Answer: high and low
Explanation: high and low
Answer:
Low and high
Explanation:
please help i give 48 points !!!which correctly lists the three layers in which water moves easily
A: ROCK, CLAY ,GRANITE
B: SOIL,ROCK,ORGANIC LAYER
C: CLAY,ORGANIC LAYER, GRANITE
D: GRANITE, ROCK, SOIL
soil, rock, organic layer
Explanation:
Permeability is the ability of a layer of rock to transmit fluid such as oil or water
The factors that affect the permeability of a rock layer includes the sizes of the rock particles, the ratio of the available voids to the solid mass of the rock, the presence of trapped air and the presence of organic matter
Rocks such as gravels, and sparingly cemented sands have high permeability
The most impermeable of the options are granite and clay which for granite has large particle mass and contain no voids while clay has very fine particles packed together with little room for water
Therefore, water moves easily between layers soil, rock, organic layer
Answer:
SOIL, ROCK, ORGANIC LAYER
Explanation:
Edge 2020, hope this helps :)
What type of molecule "unzips" DNA to facilitate the process of replication? *
a nucleic acid
b lipid
c carbohydrate
d protein
Answer:
c
Explanation:
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells that are exactly the same as the original cell is _________.
A. osmosis
B. mitosis
C. diffusion
If a more concentrated initial solution of sodium bicarbonate was used in beaker C, would it require more or less bicarbonate to neutralize the acid? Why?
Answer:
It would require less bicarbonate to neutralize the acid.
Explanation:
Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 is a, partly soluble sodium salt that decomposes in water to form a weakly basic buffer solution. It dissociates in water resulting in bicarbonate anions HCO− , sodium ions Na+ and H+.
2 NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)
Buffer solutions exist in equilibrium. In a solution with a strong acid and the conjugate base react, while the other carbonate ions dissociate to form carbonic acid, shifting the equilibrium of the solution back towards a balanced state.
HA ⇄ H+ + A-
Due to its buffering ability i.e. how well it maintains equilibrium, less bicarbonate would need to be added later on to neutralize the acid.
Less quantity of bicarbonate is needed for the neutralization of acidic solution.
Function of bicarbonatesIt require less bicarbonate to neutralize the acid because of its concentrated solution. If a more concentrated solution of sodium bicarbonate is used to neutralize the acid, lower quantity of it will be enough to neutralize it. Sodium Bicarbonate acts as a buffer which is commonly used for maintaining the pH of the solution.
Effect of BufferIt acts as a base when it is put in the acidic solution so helps in neutralizing the solution so we can conclude that less quantity of bicarbonate is needed for the neutralization of acidic solution.
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Unscramble the word heenagwirt
Answer:
Weathering
Explanation:
You can use websites if it helps to
!!!!!URGENT!!!!!!!!
From cells to major organ systems, the architecture of the body and the functions the body can perform are very closely related. Can you identify body cells, tissues, organs, systems that demonstrate this relationship and discuss its significance?
Explanation:
body cells- intake the nutrients and specialized into to carry function.
tissues- have similar structure to function well in body like, connective tissue, muscle
organs- carry different identity of function in body like, heart(to pump blood) kidney( for filter and excrete wastes
5. Which of the descriptions below best describes photosynthesis?
a. CH20. + 60, - 600, + 6H2O
b. sunlight energy is stored in carbon-based molecules like glucose
c. an ATP-making process that occurs in mitochondria
d. chemical energy is released when glucose is broken down into
carbon dioxide
Answer:
i think d but not too sure.
Explanation:
I think it is either d or b but pretty sure d
Hypertonic means...
A. High in solute
B. Low in solute
C. Equal in solute
D. Hyperactive
Answer:
D Hyperactive
Explanation:
Answer:
A.High in solute
Explanation:
Ok,In the reasoning of the word hyper,this brings up a conclusion that it means something high as in raised level thus the term being made to be hypertonic then it refers to the whole term meaning it is a solute of higher or high solute concentration.
A plant has 3 parts, parallel veins, no main tap root, and the endosperm is separate.
Is this plant a monocot or a dicot?
The group of whales is an example of what
Answer:
of scariness
Explanation:
Q1: What two requirements must food meet in order to be considered a
food molecule
Answer:
it would be
Explanation:
i hope this helps
Assuming DNA is replicated correctly (so there are no mutations),
in which of the scenarios below would the gametes produced all
be genetically identical?
Answer:
None of the choices would lead to all identical gametes.
Explanation:
Gametes are sex cells produced by sexually reproducing organims via a process of cell division called MEIOSIS. Meiosis is a cell division process which produces four (4) daughter cells (gametes), which are genetically different from the parent cell.
The difference in genetical content is as a result of a process unique to only meiosis called CROSSING-OVER OR RECOMBINATION. This process ensures that the genetic content of the gametes are altered. Hence, since gamete formation is done via meiosis, none of the scenarios in the option will lead to all identical gametes.
4. Which is a factor that keeps Earth in orbit around
the Sun?
A. the gravitational pull of the Sun
B. the orbital path of the moon
C. the continuous motion of the universe
D. Earth's changing speed and direction
Answer: A. the gravitational pull of the Sun
The sun is providing a centripetal force pulling the earth inward toward the sun. At the same time, the inertia of the earth is making it want to move forward in a straight line. The two forces work together to create the net effect of the earth orbiting around the sun. Other planets, moons, asteroids, and celestial objects exert gravitational forces on the earth as well, but nowhere near the amount of what the sun does.
