Match these items. Match the items in the left column to the items in the right column. 1. Electronegativity sharing bond 2. Covalent tendency to attract electrons 3. Ionic stable electron configurations 4. Inert gas transferring bond

The molarity of the solution is 5.06 M

To find the molarity of a solution, we use the formula:

Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution

First, we need to find the moles of[tex]NaOH[/tex]in the solution:

moles of [tex]NaOH[/tex] = mass / molar mass

The molar mass of [tex]NaOH[/tex] is 40.00 g/mol (sodium = 22.99 g/mol, oxygen = 15.99 g/mol, hydrogen = 1.01 g/mol).

moles of[tex]NaOH[/tex] = 72.0 g / 40.00 g/mol = 1.80 mol

Next, we need to convert the volume of solution from milliliters to liters:

356 mL = 0.356 L

Now we can calculate the molarity of the solution:

Molarity = 1.80 mol / 0.356 L = 5.06 M

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 5.06 M

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0.72 L (or 720 mL) of the 4.5 M HCl solution is required to prepare a 65 L solution of 0.050 M HCl.

We need to dilute a concentrated 4.5 M HCl solution. We can use the dilution equation to calculate the volume of the concentrated solution required:

[tex]M_1V_1 = M_2V_2[/tex]

where M1 is the concentration of the concentrated solution, V1 is the volume of the concentrated solution required, M2 is the concentration of the diluted solution, and V2 is the final volume of the diluted solution.

In this case, we want to prepare a 65 L solution of 0.050 M HCl from a 4.5 M HCl solution. Therefore:

[tex]M_1[/tex] = 4.5 M

[tex]V_2[/tex] = 65 L

[tex]M_2[/tex] = 0.050 M

Solving for V1:

[tex]V_1 = (M_2 * V_2) / M_1 \\V_1 = (0.050 M * 65 L) / 4.5 M \\V_1 = 0.72 L[/tex]

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6. The mass (in grams) present is 9.72×10⁸ grams

7. The number of atoms is 8.50×10²⁴ atoms

8. The mass (in grams) present is 3.73×10¹⁰ grams

First, we shall determine the mole of LiNO₃. Details below:

6.022×10²³ atoms = 1 mole of LiNO₃

Therefore,

8.48×10³⁰ atoms = 8.48×10³⁰ / 6.022×10²³

8.48×10³⁰ atoms = 1.41×10⁷ moles of LiNO₃

Finally, we shall determine the mass of LiNO₃. Details below:

Mass = Mole × molar mass

Mass of LiNO₃ = 1.41×10⁷ × 68.95

Mass of LiNO₃ = 9.72×10⁸ grams

First, we shall determine the mole in 2105 g of (NH₄)₃PO₃. Details below:

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of  (NH₄)₃PO₃ = 2105 / 149.09

Mole of  (NH₄)₃PO₃ = 14.12 moles

Finally, we shall determine the number of atoms. Details below:

From Avogadro's hypothesis,

1 mole of (NH₄)₃PO₃ = 6.022×10²³ atoms

Therefore,

14.12 moles of (NH₄)₃PO₃ = 14.12 × 6.022×10²³

14.12 moles of (NH₄)₃PO₃ = 8.50×10²⁴ atoms

Thus, the number of atoms is 8.50×10²⁴ atoms

First, we shall determine the mole of (NH₄)₂SO₄. Details below:

6.022×10²³ atoms = 1 mole of (NH₄)₂SO₄

Therefore,

1.7×10³² atoms = 1.7×10³² / 6.022×10²³

1.7×10³² atoms = 2.82×10⁸ moles of (NH₄)₂SO₄

Finally, we shall determine the mass of (NH₄)₂SO₄. Details below:

Mass = Mole × molar mass

Mass of (NH₄)₂SO₄ = 2.82×10⁸ × 132.14

Mass of (NH₄)₂SO₄ = 3.73×10¹⁰ grams

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In the reverse reaction NH4+ + OH- = NH3 + H2O, the acid is OH-. This is because OH- accepts a proton (H+) from NH4+, forming H2O.

In this reaction, OH- acts as a base, accepting the proton and becoming neutral water. When a base accepts a proton, it is called a Brønsted-Lowry acid, as it acts as an acid in the reverse reaction. This is because acids and bases are defined in terms of their behavior in reactions, rather than their chemical composition.

Acids are substances that donate protons (H+) in chemical reactions, while bases are substances that accept protons. When NH3 accepts a proton from H2O, it forms NH4+ and OH-, with NH3 acting as a base and H2O acting as an acid.

However, in the reverse reaction, OH- accepts a proton from NH4+, making it the acid and NH3 the base. Understanding these concepts is important in understanding acid-base chemistry, which has many practical applications in fields such as medicine, industry, and environmental science.

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a) The temperature of the water in the beaker is likely to increase as heat flows from the metal to the water until they reach thermal equilibrium.

b) The metal will likely lose heat to the water until it reaches thermal equilibrium with the water.

a) The temperature of the water in the beaker is likely to increase due to the transfer of heat from the metal to the water. This process is known as conduction, and it occurs because heat always flows from hotter objects to cooler objects. The metal, being at a higher temperature than the water, will transfer heat to the water until both reach a state of thermal equilibrium.

b) The amount of heat lost by the metal will depend on its mass, specific heat capacity, and initial temperature. The metal may also undergo physical changes due to the change in temperature, such as contraction or expansion. The type of metal and its properties will influence how much it changes in response to the temperature change.

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The standard free-energy change for the reaction H₂(g) + Br₂(l) → 2HBr(g) at 25°C can be calculated using the equation ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°, where ΔH° is the standard enthalpy change, T is the temperature, and ΔS° is the standard entropy change.

To calculate the standard free-energy change for the reaction H₂(g) + Br₂(l) → 2HBr(g) at 25°C, you need to use the equation: ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°. Follow these steps:

1. Determine the standard enthalpy change (ΔH°) for the reaction.
2. Determine the standard entropy change (ΔS°) for the reaction.
3. Calculate ΔG° using the equation and the given temperature (25°C = 298.15 K).

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Paleontologists use a variety of methods to determine the placement of a fossil for display. One important factor is the diagnostic structure of the fossil, which refers to unique features that help to identify the species and its evolutionary relationships. For example, if a fossil has a particular shape or pattern on its shell, this could indicate a specific genus or species.

To accurately place a fossil for display, paleontologists will carefully examine its diagnostic structures and compare them to other specimens in their collection or in published research. They may also consult with experts in the field or use advanced imaging techniques to better understand the fossil's characteristics.

Once the paleontologists have identified the species and determined its placement, they can design a display that showcases the fossil in a way that is both educational and visually appealing. This may involve creating a custom mount or exhibit case, selecting appropriate lighting and text labels, and considering the context in which the fossil was found.

Overall, the accurate placement of a fossil for display is crucial for conveying its scientific significance to the public and helping people to better understand the history of life on Earth. By using diagnostic structure as a key tool in this process, paleontologists can ensure that the fossils are correctly identified and presented in a way that is both informative and engaging.

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The best answer to the question "What is volume?" is b. The amount of space occupied by matter. Volume is a physical property of matter that refers to the amount of space that an object or substance takes up. It is often measured in cubic units such as cubic meters, cubic feet, or cubic centimeters.

It is important to note that volume is not the same as mass or weight, as it refers to the amount of space that matter occupies rather than the amount of matter itself. In summary, volume is the amount of space occupied by matter and is an important concept in the study of physics and chemistry.

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The pressure in the each of the units of the pressure is a s:

atm = 0.91

psi = 13.5

kpa = 93.12

The barometric pressure = 698.5 mmHg

The conversion of pressure unit from mmHg to atm :

1 mmHg = 0.00131579 atm

698.5 mmHg = 0.91 atm

The 698.5 mmHg is expressed as 0.91 atm.

The conversion of pressure unit from mmHg to psi :

1 mmHg = 0.0193368 psi

698.5 mmHg = 13.5 psi

The 698.5 mmHg is expressed as 13.5 psi.

The conversion of pressure unit from mmHg to kpa :

1 mmHg = 0.133322 kpa

698.5 mmHg = 93.12 kpa

The 698.5 mmHg is expressed as 93.12 kpa.

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To convert mmHg to atm, divide the mmHg value by 760. To convert mmHg to psi, divide the mmHg value by 51.714. Therefore, 698.5 mmHg is equal to 0.924 atm, 13.37 psi and 93.5 kPa.

Equality is the state of having the same rights, status, and opportunities regardless of gender, race, religion, or other characteristics. It means that all people are treated without prejudice or discrimination and that everyone can access the same resources, services, and opportunities. Equality is essential to the functioning of a fair and just society, and it is one of the core values of many countries. It is also essential to achieving social and economic progress. Equality is a fundamental human right, and it is essential to creating a sense of inclusion and belonging in a society.

Atm: 0.924 atm

Psi: 13.37 psi

Kpa: 93.5 kPa

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4.85 grams of Zn are needed to produce 0.15 grams of H2.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and phosphoric acid is:

[tex]3 Zn + 2 H_3PO_4[/tex] → [tex]3 H_2 + Zn_3(PO4)2[/tex]

Step 1: Calculate the number of moles of [tex]H_2[/tex] produced

We can use the molar mass of hydrogen gas ([tex]H_2[/tex]) to calculate the number of moles produced:

n([tex]H_2[/tex]) = mass of [tex]H_2[/tex] / molar mass of [tex]H_2[/tex]

n([tex]H_2[/tex]) = 0.15 g / 2.016 g/mol = 0.0743 mol

Step 2: Calculate mass  [tex]Z_2[/tex] needed

We can use the molar mass of zinc to convert moles of Zn to grams of Zn:

mass of Zn = n(Zn) x molar mass of Zn

mass of Zn = 0.0743 mol x 65.38 g/mol

mass of Zn = 4.85 g

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The maximum amount of magnesium oxide that can be produced during the synthesis reaction between 3.2 grams of magnesium and 12.0 grams of oxygen is 14.4 grams.

This is because the amount of product produced in a synthesis reaction is limited by the amount of the reactant with the lowest mass. In this case, the reactant with the lowest mass is the 3.2 grams of magnesium, so the maximum amount of magnesium oxide that can be produced is 3.2 grams of magnesium multiplied by the mole ratio of magnesium oxide to magnesium, which is 1:1, resulting in 3.2 grams of magnesium oxide.

Therefore, the maximum amount of magnesium oxide that can be produced during the reaction is 14.4 grams (3.2 grams of magnesium multiplied by 4.5 grams of oxygen, which is the mole ratio for magnesium oxide to oxygen).

This is due to the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction, only rearranged.

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The heat evolved when 27.5 g of ammonia gas condenses to a liquid at its boiling point is -37.8 kJ.

First, we need to calculate the amount of heat required for the ammonia gas to condense. The heat of vaporization of ammonia is 23.4 kJ/mol. The molar mass of ammonia is 17.03 g/mol, so we have:

23.4 kJ/mol x (27.5 g / 17.03 g/mol) = 37.8 kJ

This means that 37.8 kJ of heat is required for 27.5 g of ammonia gas to condense. However, since the question asks for the heat evolved, we need to reverse the sign of the answer.

Thus, the amount of heat released as 27.5 grams of gaseous ammonia undergoes condensation at its boiling point is equal to -37.8 kJ.

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The statements that correctly describe the strength of an acid or base are:

An acid is a chemical that donates hydrogen ions, whose addition to an existing solution results in increased acidity.

According to the conventional definition of acids, they are compounds which discharge positively charged hydrogen ions when mixed with water. Acids have a sour flavor and possess pH levels below 7.

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Approximately 88.67 grams of [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] are formed when [tex]1.67*10^{23}[/tex] atoms of Fe react completely with oxygen.

The balanced chemical equation for reaction between iron and oxygen to form iron (III) oxide can be written as:

4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex]

To find the number of moles  [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] formed when [tex]1.67*10^{23[/tex] atoms of Fe react, we first need to convert the given number of atoms of Fe to moles:

1.67x[tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms of Fe × (1 mol/6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms) = 0.2777 mol of Fe

The number of moles of [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] formed :

0.2777 mol of Fe × (1 mol of [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex]/0.5 mol of Fe) = 0.5554 mol of[tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex]

We can calculate the mass of [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] :

0.5554 mol of [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] × 159.69 g/mol = 88.67 g of [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex]

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D) The sentence that best paraphrases the information about river otters is: "Otters are talented at constructing slides. These help them move through their environment with ease as they hunt for small sea life to eat."

River otters aresemi-aquatic mammals that are generally  set up in gutters, aqueducts, and other aqueducts. One of the most outstanding characteristics of these  creatures is their habit of  erecting slides. Otters  make slides by creating a path of  slush or snow on a steep  pitch leading to the water.

This helps them to move through their  terrain with ease and quest for small  ocean life,  similar as crayfish and small amphibians, which are their primary sources of food.   Otters are known for their  sportful nature and can  frequently be seen sliding down their constructed slides  constantly,  putatively just for the fun of it. still, these slides serve a practical purpose as well. By  erecting their own slides, otters can avoid rocky or  else dangerous areas of the swash bank and safely  pierce the water.

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175.16 grams of[tex]CaCO3[/tex]will be produced when 98.2 grams of [tex]CaO[/tex] are reacted with an excess of [tex]CO2[/tex].

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between[tex]CaO and CO2[/tex]is:

[tex]CaO + CO2 → CaCO3[/tex]

According to the equation, one mole of[tex]CaO[/tex] reacts with one mole of [tex]CO2[/tex]to produce one mole of [tex]CaCO3[/tex].

The molar mass of [tex]CaO[/tex]is 56.08 g/mol, and the molar mass of [tex]CO2[/tex] is 44.01 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of [tex]CaO[/tex] present in 98.2 g can be calculated as:

moles of [tex]CaO[/tex] = mass / molar mass = 98.2 g / 56.08 g/mol = 1.75 mol

Since the reaction is with an excess of [tex]CO2[/tex], all the [tex]CaO[/tex]will react. Therefore, the number of moles of CaCO3 produced will be the same as the number of moles of [tex]CaO[/tex] used, which is 1.75 mol.

The molar mass of [tex]CaCO3[/tex]is 100.09 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of [tex]CaCO3[/tex] produced can be calculated as:

mass of [tex]CaCO3[/tex] = moles of [tex]CaCO3[/tex] × molar mass = 1.75 mol × 100.09 g/mol = 175.16 g

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The amount of energy required to boil water depends on the initial temperature of the water, the mass of the water, and the heat of vaporization of water.

The heat of vaporization of water is 40.7 kJ/mol or 2.26 kJ/g.

To completely boil 500g of water that is at 15°C, we need to first heat the water to its boiling point (100°C), and then provide the energy required for the phase change from liquid to gas.

The amount of energy required to heat the water from 15°C to 100°C can be calculated using the specific heat capacity of water, which is 4.184 J/g°C:

Q1 = m * c * ΔT

Q1 = 500g * 4.184 J/g°C * (100°C - 15°C)

Q1 = 191,020 J

The amount of energy required for the phase change from liquid to gas can be calculated as follows:

Q2 = m * Hv

Q2 = 500g * 2.26 kJ/g

Q2 = 1,130 kJ

Therefore, the total amount of energy required to completely boil 500g of water that is at 15°C is:

Qtotal = Q1 + Q2

Qtotal = 191,020 J + 1,130 kJ

Qtotal = 1,321,020 J

So, it would require 1,321,020 joules of energy to completely boil 500g of water that is at 15°C.

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The molar heat capacity of ethanol is 103 J/(mol⋅K).

First, we need to calculate the amount of heat energy absorbed by 1 mole of ethanol:

The molar mass of ethanol, C2H6O, is 46.07 g/mol

The amount of ethanol used is: 40.1 g / 46.07 g/mol = 0.870 mol

The heat energy absorbed by 0.870 mol of ethanol is: 1367 J / 0.870 mol = 1570 J/mol

Now, we can calculate the molar heat capacity of ethanol:

The temperature increase is 13.9 °C = 13.9 K

The formula for heat capacity is: q = nCΔT, where q is the heat energy absorbed, n is the number of moles, C is the molar heat capacity, and ΔT is the temperature change.

Rearranging the formula, we get: C = q/(nΔT) = 1570 J/mol / (0.870 mol x 13.9 K) = 103 J/(mol⋅K)

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The mass of sodium chloride that reacts with 275.0g of sulfuric acid is 327.6 grams.

To solve this problem, we need to use stoichiometry.
First, we need to determine the mole ratio between sodium chloride and sulfuric acid.
2NaCl + H₂SO₄ → 2HCl + Na₂SO₄

From the balanced equation, we see that 2 moles of NaCl react with 1 mole of H₂SO₄.

Next, we need to convert the given mass of sulfuric acid to moles using its molar mass.
Molar mass of H₂SO₄ = 98.08 g/mol
275.0 g H₂SO₄ x (1 mol H₂SO₄/98.08 g H₂SO₄) = 2.805 mol H₂SO₄

Finally, we can use the mole ratio to determine the moles of NaCl needed to react with the given amount of sulfuric acid.
2.805 mol H₂SO₄ x (2 mol NaCl/1 mol H₂SO₄) = 5.61 mol NaCl

Now we can convert the moles of NaCl to grams using its molar mass.
Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol
5.61 mol NaCl x (58.44 g NaCl/1 mol NaCl) = 327.6 g NaCl

Therefore, the mass of sodium chloride that reacts with 275.0g of sulfuric acid is 327.6 grams.

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When the volume of neon gas is 2.07 L, 22.4 L of ounce (p) at 303 K and 1.2 atm will have the same number of molecules as neon gas at 303 K and 12 atm.

To solve this problem, we can use the ideal gas law equation:

PV = [tex]nRT[/tex], where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.

First, we need to find the number of moles of neon gas at 303K and 12 atm. We can use the equation PV = [tex]nRT[/tex] and rearrange it to solve for n: n = PV/RT. Plugging in the values, we get:
[tex]n = (12 atm)(22.4 L)/(0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)(303 K)[/tex]
n = 12.04 mol

So, neon gas at 303K and 12 atm has 12.04 moles.
Now, we need to find the volume of oz (p) at 303K and 1.2 atm that has the same number of molecules. We can use the equation n = N/NA, where N is the number of molecules and NA is Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23). Rearranging the equation to solve for V, we get:

V = [tex]nRT[/tex]/P
[tex]V = (12.04 mol)(0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)(303 K)/(1.2 atm)[/tex]
V = 249.5 L

Therefore, at 303K and 1.2 atm, 22.4 L of oz (p) has the same number of molecules as neon gas at 303K and 12 atm when the volume is 249.5 L.

To solve this problem, we'll use the Ideal Gas Law equation, PV=[tex]nRT[/tex], where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.

First, let's find the number of moles of the given gas, oz (p):
P1 = 1.2 atm
V1 = 22.4 L
T1 = 303 K
R = 0.0821 L atm/mol K (Ideal Gas Constant)

1.2 atm * 22.4 L = n * 0.0821 L atm/mol K * 303 K
n = (1.2 * 22.4) / (0.0821 * 303) = 1 mol

Now, let's find the volume (V2) of neon gas at the given conditions:
P2 = 12 atm
T2 = 303 K
n2 = 1 mol (since we want the same number of molecules)

12 atm * V2 = 1 mol * 0.0821 L atm/mol K * 303 K
V2 = (1 * 0.0821 * 303) / 12 = 2.07 L

Thus, 22.4 L of oz (p) at 303 K and 1.2 atm will have the same number of molecules as neon gas at 303 K and 12 atm when the volume of neon gas is 2.07 L.

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The change in water flow caused by dams can have a significant impact on the erosion and deposition of rocks and soil on Earth's surface.

To model the way this change in flow affects Earth's rocks and soil, we could use a computer simulation that takes into account the topography and geological features of a particular area, as well as the flow rates and patterns of the water before and after the construction of the dam.

The model could simulate the erosion and deposition of rocks and soil by modeling the movement of sediment and the transport of materials downstream.

For example, the model could show how the reduction in water flow downstream of the dam can cause sediment to accumulate and form deltas or other landforms, while the increase in flow upstream of the dam can cause increased erosion and instability of the riverbank.

The model could also show how the change in flow affects the distribution of nutrients and minerals in the soil, which can have implications for plant growth and ecosystem health.

For example, the reduced water flow downstream of the dam could result in lower nutrient levels in the soil, which could impact the growth of crops and other plants.

Overall, the model would likely show that the construction of a dam can have complex and far-reaching effects on the landscape and ecosystem of the surrounding area.

These effects can vary depending on the specific characteristics of the river, the The change in water flow caused by dams can have a significant impact on the erosion and deposition of rocks and soil on Earth's surface.

To model the way this change in flow affects Earth's rocks and soil, we could use a computer simulation that takes into account the topography and geological features of a particular area, as well as the flow rates and patterns of the water before and after the construction of the dam.

The model could simulate the erosion and deposition of rocks and soil by modeling the movement of sediment and the transport of materials downstream.

For example, the model could show how the reduction in water flow downstream of the dam can cause sediment to accumulate and form deltas or other landforms, while the increase in flow upstream of the dam can cause increased erosion and instability of the riverbank.

The model could also show how the change in flow affects the distribution of nutrients and minerals in the soil, which can have implications for plant growth and ecosystem health.

For example, the reduced water flow downstream of the dam could result in lower nutrient levels in the soil, which could impact the growth of crops and other plants.

Overall, the model would likely show that the construction of a dam can have complex and far-reaching effects on the landscape and ecosystem of the surrounding area.

These effects can vary depending on the specific characteristics of the river, the topography of the area, and the design and operation of the dam. of the area, and the design and operation of the dam.

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Answer:

0.25g

Explanation:

Dimensional analysis.

Assuming the reaction is taking place at standard temperature and pressure (STP, 1 atm at 298.15K or 25 C), 1 mol of gas occupies 22.4L.

We are given the volume of the gas, with this we are able to find its number of moles.

125mL = 0.125L

[tex]0.125 L * \frac{1 mol}{22.4 L}[/tex]

= 0.0056mol

With the number of moles we can simply multiply by the molecules molar mass.

CO2 = 12.011 g/mol+ 2*15.999 g/mol

CO2 = 44.009g / mol

[tex]44.009 \frac{g CO2}{mol} * 0.0056mol CO2\\\\=0.25 g CO2[/tex]

In the field of chemistry, the term "conjugate" is used to describe pairs of molecules or ions that are connected through the transfer of a proton, which is represented as H⁺. Conjugate acids and bases, specifically, are pairs of molecules or ions that vary by the presence or absence of one proton.

These equilibrium equations represent the transfer of a proton between a weak acid or base and water, resulting in the formation of its conjugate acid or base.

Answer of the given questions are as follows :

1. The formula of the conjugate acid: HCO₂H

2. The formula of the conjugate base: C₆HNH₃⁺

3. The formula of the conjugate acid of the brønsted-lowry base: H₂CO₃

4. The formula of the conjugate acid of the brønsted-lowry base:

C₆H₅NH₃⁺

5. The acidic equilibrium equation for HC₂H₃O₂: HC₂H₃O₂ + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + C₂H₃O²⁻

6. The basic equilibrium equation for C₆H₅NH₂

C₆H₅NH₂ + H₂O ⇌ C₆H₅NH₃⁺ + OH⁻

7. The basic equilibrium equation for NH₃

NH₃ + H₂O ⇌ NH₄⁺ + OH⁻

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When conducting chemical reactions, it is important to determine how efficient the reaction was. The percent yield is a measure of the efficiency of a chemical reaction.

It is calculated by comparing the actual yield obtained from the experiment to the theoretical yield that would be obtained if the reaction went to completion. The percent yield is expressed as a percentage.

To calculate the percent yield, the first step is to determine the theoretical yield of the reaction. The theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be obtained from the reactants. This can be calculated using stoichiometry and the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

Once the theoretical yield has been calculated, the next step is to determine the actual yield obtained from the experiment. This is the amount of product that is actually obtained from the reaction. The actual yield can be measured experimentally or estimated using calculations.

Finally, the percent yield is calculated by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiplying by 100. This calculation shows the percentage of the theoretical yield that was obtained in the experiment.

For example, if the theoretical yield is 10 grams and the actual yield obtained is 8 grams, the percent yield would be calculated as:

Percent yield = (8/10) x 100 = 80%

In this case, the experiment yielded 80% of the maximum amount of product that could have been obtained if the reaction went to completion.

Overall, the percent yield is an important measure of the efficiency of a chemical reaction. By comparing the actual yield to the theoretical yield, chemists can determine the effectiveness of their experimental techniques and make improvements for future experiments.

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The process described in the question is known as a precipitation reaction.

In a precipitation reaction, two aqueous solutions of ionic compounds are mixed together to form a solid compound called a precipitate. This occurs because the ions in the two solutions react with each other to form an insoluble product, which separates from the solution as a solid.

Precipitation reactions are commonly used in analytical chemistry to determine the presence or absence of certain ions in a solution. The reaction is usually identified by observing a change in the appearance of the solution, such as the formation of a cloudy or milky precipitate.

The chemical equation for a precipitation reaction can be written as:

[tex]AB(aq) + CD(aq) → AD(s) + CB(aq)[/tex]

where A, B, C, and D are ions, and (aq) and (s) denote aqueous and solid states, respectively.

Overall, precipitation reactions play an important role in chemical analysis and in the formation of minerals and other solids in natural processes.

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The mole fraction of xenon in the gas mixture is 0.631.

Mole fraction refers to the ratio of the number of moles of one component of a mixture to the total number of moles in the mixture. It is a useful concept in chemistry and thermodynamics, particularly in the study of gas mixtures.

In this problem, we are given a gas mixture of xenon (Xe) and argon (Ar) with a total pressure of 12.20 atm. We are also given the partial pressure of argon, which is 4.50 atm. To find the mole fraction of xenon, we need to first find the partial pressure of xenon.

To do this, we can use the fact that the total pressure of the gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each component:

Total pressure = Partial pressure of Xe + Partial pressure of Ar

12.20 atm = Partial pressure of Xe + 4.50 atm

Partial pressure of Xe = 7.70 atm

Now that we have the partial pressure of xenon, we can use the mole fraction formula:

Mole fraction of Xe = Number of moles of Xe / Total number of moles

We can rewrite this formula as:

Mole fraction of Xe = Partial pressure of Xe / Total pressure

Using the values we found earlier:

Mole fraction of Xe = 7.70 atm / 12.20 atm

Mole fraction of Xe = 0.631

Therefore, the mole fraction of xenon in the gas mixture is 0.631.

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To convert moles of sodium chloride to grams, we multiply by its molar mass of 58.44 g/mol. Therefore, the amount of sodium chloride produced is 0.363 mol x 58.44 g/mol = 21.2 grams.

To determine the limiting reagent in this reaction, we need to calculate the moles of both reactants. From the given information, we know that the mass of iron (II) chloride is 23 grams, and its molar mass is 126.75 g/mol.

Therefore, the number of moles of iron (II) chloride is 23 g/126.75 g/mol = 0.1815 mol.

Next, we calculate the number of moles of sodium phosphate. Since there are two molecules of sodium phosphate for every three molecules of iron (II) chloride, we need to multiply the moles of iron (II) chloride by the ratio of the coefficients. Therefore, the number of moles of sodium phosphate is (0.1815 mol x 2/3) = 0.121 mol.

Since there are fewer moles of sodium phosphate than iron (II) chloride, sodium phosphate is the limiting reagent. This means that all of the sodium phosphate will be used up in the reaction, and any remaining iron (II) chloride will be left over.

To calculate the amount of sodium chloride produced, we need to use the stoichiometric coefficients from the balanced equation.

For every 2 moles of sodium phosphate used, 6 moles of sodium chloride are produced. Therefore, since we have 0.121 mol of sodium phosphate, we can produce (0.121 mol x 6/2) = 0.363 mol of sodium chloride.

Finally, to convert moles of sodium chloride to grams, we multiply by its molar mass of 58.44 g/mol. Therefore, the amount of sodium chloride produced is 0.363 mol x 58.44 g/mol = 21.2 grams.

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When 142 g Cl₂ combines with lots of aluminium, 1.33 moles of AlCl₃ are formed.

To determine the number of moles of AlCl₃ formed when 142 g Cl₂ reacts with plenty of aluminum, we first need to write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction:

2 Al + 3 Cl₂ → 2 AlCl₃

From the balanced equation, we can see that 3 moles of Cl₂ react with 2 moles of Al to form 2 moles of AlCl₃.

Next, we need to calculate the number of moles of Cl₂ present in 142 g:

n(Cl₂) = m/M

n(Cl₂) = 142 g / 70.9 g/mol

n(Cl₂) = 2.00 moles

Since the reaction consumes 3 moles of Cl₂ for every 2 moles of AlCl₃ formed, we can determine the number of moles of AlCl₃ formed as:

n(AlCl₃) = (2/3) x n(Cl₂)

n(AlCl₃) = (2/3) x 2.00 moles

n(AlCl₃) = 1.33 moles

Therefore, 1.33 moles of AlCl₃ form when 142 g Cl₂ reacts with plenty of aluminum.

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COCl2(g) will deviate most from the ideal gas law at low temperature. The other name for COCl2(g) is Phosgene. This is because COCl2(g) is a larger molecule with stronger intermolecular forces than Cl2(g). At low temperatures, these intermolecular forces become significant and cause the molecules to be closer together, resulting in a smaller molar volume than predicted by the ideal gas law.

Additionally, COCl2(g) is a polar molecule, which also contributes to the deviation from the ideal gas law as the polar interactions between molecules become stronger at low temperatures. Thus COCl2(g) will be the one deviating from the ideal gas law at low temperature.

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Explanation:

You will need the specific heat of Mg which I found to be 1.02 J / (g C)

m * 45 C  * 1.02 J . (g C) = 843

m = 843 / (45* 1.02) = 18.4 g  of Magnesium