1. Dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae is isolated using MacConkey Lactose agar and Xylose Lysine agar
2. Antibiotic associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile (detection of toxin) is isolated using Clostridium difficile selective medium
3. Dermatophyte infection in the nails is isolated using potatoes dextrose agar
4. Dengue fever by immune response is isolated using minimal essential medium (MEM)
1. Dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae
Collection of fecal specimens and poultry (100) fecal samples collected from were processed according to published protocols. Streak one loopful of fecal sample on MacConkey Lactose Agar (MLA) and Xylose Lysine agarIncubated at 37 C for 24 hours The MLA plates showing the presence of convex and colorless colonies are considered for further identification. Similarly, the XLD plates showing appearance of presence of translucent or red colored colonies are taken for further identification.2. Antibiotic associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile (detection of toxin)
Mix equal parts of industrial absolute alcohol and the fecal specimen. Homogenize using a vortex mixer. Leave at room temperature for 1 hr. Inoculate on Clostridium difficile Selective AgarIncubate at 37ºC in a conventional anaerobic gas jarObserve after 24-48 hours in anaerobic environment . Use gram stain reagent and Malachite green for morphological study. Observe positive bacillus cell shape with single or chains(2-6)cell and sub terminal endo spore forming after gram staining3. Dermatophyte infection in the nails
Prepare potatoes dextrose agar (PDA)Collect clippings from the nail with a sterile scalpel after carefully washing the site with 70% alcohol. Dissolved in two drops of 10% KOH on a glass slide, if the sample is thick, use 20% KOH Heat the slide few seconds over a spirit lamp, do not allow to boil.Observe preparation under a low power of the microscope in reduced light. Look out for presence of mycelia fragments and the distribution of spores inside.4. Dengue fever by immune response
Dilute blood samples in minimal essential medium (MEM) containing 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) Add diluent to a cultured monolayer of C6/36 cells for 1 hour with gentle rocking in a 28 °C CO2 incubator.After 1 hour, remove the inoculum and cells Culture for 7 days in MEM with 2% FBS and antibiotics. Collect culture supernatant on day 7 and infect a new batch of C6/36 cellsRepeat the procedure three times to achieve passage 3 (P3) isolates.Learn more about culturing of microorganisms here:
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Question 1 (3 points)
Mark all substances found in blood plasma.
A) lymphocytes
B) electrolytes
C) water
D) fibrinogen
E) eosinophils
A D E
Explanation:
Got it right on edge 2022
2. What procedure did you use to complete the lab? Outline the steps of the procedure in full sentences. Virtual Lab: Water Erosion
The procedures that can be used to perform water erosion laboratory practicals are:
The use of detachmentTransportation Deposition.What is Water Erosion?This refers to the biological process where rock particles are broken down into smaller particles and how they are removed by water.
Hence, we can see that in a laboratory experiment, one would need different apparatus such as:
PitchersBottlesSoilWater, etc.This would be used to test the loss of water as it is put into the soil from the set of bottles to see how much the water is retained.
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How many cells do you see in total? And also how many cells are in different stages? Interphase metaphase … etc
Answer:
...
Explanation:
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I need help with this. The question is: Define Evolution and Natural Selection
Answer:
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations
The mitochondrial DNA sequence that is shared by two species has a steady mutation rate. Scientists determine the sequences of these two species to be as follows
Species A: CAGGCCATTATG
Species B: CCAGCCTATAGG
Based on this information, which of the following best explains the difference in the DNA sequence between the two species?
A) Species A and B probably share the most recent ancestor because they only differ by three mutations.
B) Species A and B have fewer differences between DNA sequences means that fewer mutations occurred.
C) Species A and B probably have distinct ancestors because they have many differences in mutations.
D) Species A and B are closely related because they differ by five mutations in their DNA sequence.
It is expected that Species A and B have distinct ancestors because they have many differences in mutations (Option C).
What is the mutation rate?The mutation rate makes reference to the number of mutations that appeared in a given nucleotide sequence in a given period of time.
In this case, sequences from Species A and B have 5 mutations and aligned sequences have only 12 nucleotides, which is a considerably high mutation rate to share a common origin.
Nonetheless, information about divergence times might be helpful to determine the origin of these sequences.
In conclusion, nucleotide sequences of Species A and B exhibit many mutations and therefore they do not have the same evolutionary origin (Option C).
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What important cellular process produces water molecules as it breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen
Answer:
Glycolysis
Explanation:
What is a law?
A. a scientific explanation for a set of
observations that can be tested
B. a proven, universal truth that states what
happens
C. a well-tested explanation as to why
something occurs that is generally accepted
D. an assumption made about an experiment
what is the difference between an epithelial cell and a cardiomyocyte
The heart is the main pumping organ of the body. The human heart is divided into four chambers two atria and two ventricles. The human heart consists of three layers- epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
The middle layer of the heart (myocardium) consists of cardiomyocytes or muscle cells. These cells receive nerve stimulation from the atrioventricular nodes and sinoatrial nodes.
What are Epithelial cells?Epithelial cells form a layer structure which covers most of the surfaces of the body. These cells perform a variety of functions and exhibit different shapes, size and arrangement which makes up different tissues. For example columnar tissues (column-like cells), cuboidal tissues (cube-like cells) and others.
Thus, this could be the answer.
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Alicia wants to model allopatric speciation for her science project. She
has a population of ants to use as her model. What should she do to
the ant population?
A introduce another species of ants to her population
B
introduce a new food source to part of her population
C
place a wall in their habitat that divides the population
D
remove the water source from the population
Answer:
A introduce another species of ants to her population
Explanation:
^^^
In the human nervous system, what is the gap between neurons called?
OA. Action potential
OB. Nerve impulse
OC. Synapse
OD. Interneuron
SUBMIT
proteins that coat the surface of red blood cells are called
The surface of the human red blood cell is dominated by a small number of abundant blood group active proteins. The major proteins are the anion transport protein (band 3) which has AB(H) activity, and Glycophorin A which has MN activity.
A small number of abundant blood group active proteins dominate the surface of the human red blood cell. Proteins that coat the surface of red blood cells are called antigens.
What are red blood cells?Red blood cells, also known as red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells, or erythrocytes, are the most common type of blood cell and the primary means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues of vertebrates.
A small number of abundant blood group active proteins dominate the surface of the human red blood cell. Proteins that coat the surface of red blood cells are called antigens.
Thus, the proteins that coat the surface of red blood cells are called antigens.
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Which of the following contributes to antibiotic
resistance?
A- giving antibiotics to livestock
B- taking multiple antibiotics at the same time
C- going to the doctor when an infection appears
Taking multiple antibiotics at the same time contributes to antibiotic resistance. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is Antibiotic resistance?Antibiotic resistance may be defined as a process or strategy of microorganisms that generate the capability to conquer the drugs developed to annihilate them.
Overprescription of multiple antibiotics increases the ability of bacteria or other microorganisms to survive in harsh little conditions. Still, slowly they evolve themselves and resist the situation of the high effect of antibiotic resistance drugs.
Therefore, it is well described above.
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A change in speed and direction of the wind at different altitudes in the same
column of air is called
______________. (2 words)
Answer:
a wind shear
Explanation:
Answer:
The answer is wind shear
Please help!! Will mark brainiest!
The process of accumulating higher and higher amounts of a toxic material such as mercury or PCBS within the body of any animals is called?
1. biological resistance
2. biological half-life
3. bioaccumulation
4. biological demagnification
Answer:
Bioaccumulation
Explanation:
Bioaccumulation is the of accumulation of harmful chemicals.
What does the term temperature control refer to
1-the oven temperature recommended in a receipe
2- maintenance proper room temperature inside the dining area
3-the temperature required for maintaining food safety
4-the temperature control dial in the freezer
Temperature control refers to the temperature required for maintaining food safety (option '3')
what is temperature?
Temperature can be defined as a measure of how hot or cold something is; strictly, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object, which is also a type of energy that is involved with motion.
What is food safety?
Food safety refers to routines that are involved in the preparation, handling and storage of food meant to foodborne diseases and injuries. it can also means the prevention of food contamination prior that will be released to the consumer.
What is importance of food safety?
Food safety is important as it helps to protect consumer from the risk of food borne illnesses. It is essential to prevent consumers from risks of health –related conditions such as allergy and even death.
What are some of the food safety rules:
keep clean, separate raw and cooked, cook thoroughly, keep food at safe temperatures, and use safe water and raw materials.learn more about food safety here:
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short lived factories for antibodies that attack the original antigen are called?
Which substance completes passive transport and facilitated diffusion
Answer: Facilitated diffusion therefore allows polar and charged molecules, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleosides, and ions, to cross the plasma membrane
Explanation:
hope it helps;)
which of the following is an enzyme required by the process of rephosphory,to create ATP? A) AD Pase B)AT Pase C)Polymerase D)AT synthase ?
ATPase is the enzyme which is required to create ATP and is denoted as option B.
What is ATPase?This type of enzyme is found in the mitochondrion and catalyzes the formation of ATP which provides energy to cells.
The ATP which is referred to as adenosine triphosphate is formed from the molecules known as ADP and inorganic phosphate which are present in the body cells. This ensures that the daily energy needs of the body are met.
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Which of the following organelles is common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A.
Cytoskeleton
B.
Nucleus
C.
Nucl
Answer:
A) Cytoskeleton
Explanation:
The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers extending through the cytoplasm that provides. mechanical support and maintains the cell's shape.
name the tissue responsible for transporting water mineral salts and food in plants
Answer:
Xylem, plant vascular tissue that conveys water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant and also provides physical support.
Explanation:
Xylem tissue consists of a variety of specialized, water-conducting cells known as tracheary elements.
Hope it helps!
Answer:
xylem is the tissue responsible for the transportation of water, mineral salts.
How many people world-wide generally die during the flu season?
10 Million
20 Million
30 Million
40 Million
Answer:
10 Million because the world wide is generally in flu season and its danger
A table tennis ball is made of plastic and has air inside it. While playing table tennis, Nakul
accidentally stepped on the ball and it was dented as shown below.What can Nakul do to restore the ball to its original shape?
A. heat the ball in hot water
B. cool the ball in the freezer
C.press the ball hard from the other side
D. bounce the ball on the floor multiple times
Hi i just need a topic for essay SBI4U(Biology 12) thank you:)
Answer:
cellular respiration
Explanation:
easy and good
Reasons for preserving biodiversity include all of the following except
isolating unique genetic material so it can be incorporated into existing crops.
O finding new plants that can supplement the world's food supply.
increasing the chances of discovering organisms with medicinal value.
O preventing natural evolution
Answer:
Preventing natural evolution
Experiment 1: Cell size and rate of diffusion
For this lab, you will make three "cuboidal cells" with the dimensions below:
1 cm
cm
2 cm.
Prediction:
2 cm
2 cm
Dom
3cm
3cm
You will place each of the three cells in a solution that will be called cell media. This media contains the
nutrients the cell needs to survive. The media must reach all portions of the cell interior in order for proper
cell function.
Question: In a ten-minute time period, which cell will allow for maximum diffusion of the media to all
portions of the cell? (Please, don't answer this question; it will be answered using data from the
experiment simulation. Remember we are following the scientific method.)
1. Based on the question above, formulate a hypothesis and prediction for this experiment: (4 pts)
Hypothesis:
What would the hypothesis and prediction be of this experiment
Answer:
well this is very simple just add 2
Explanation:
What are areolar tissues?
Explain with the help of diagram ( optional)
Answer:
cellular connective tissue with thin and relatively sparse collagen fibers.
Explanation:
Hope it Helps!!!
The type of tissue which connects and surrounds different organs in the human body. The important function of this type of tissue is that it provides nutrition to the cells and also acts as a cushion to protect the organs from various external forces.
Question 6 of 10
Which is an example of how ecosystems on Earth affect each other?
1) Worms reproduce in soil in grassland ecosystems.
2) Deforestation of rain forests harms other ecosystems.
3) Lions get energy from the primary consumers they hunt.
if there is an apple logo your more likely to run what type of operating system
is there is an Apple logo on your computer you're more likely to be running on what type of operating system
Answer:
macOS
Explanation:
A Windows logo means you are running Windows, while an Apple logo means you are running macOS. If you have determined that you are running Windows, there are many methods to determine your specific operating system, not all of which are listed here.
When the body is attacked by a foreign substance, the _____ defenses are the first to react.
specific
nonspecific
B lymphocyte
T lymphocyte
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression is:
a. less effective than drug treatment alone.
b. just as effective as drug treatment alone.
c. counterproductive if used in combination with drug treatment
d. only productive if used in combination with drug treatment.
Answer:
less effective than drug treatment alone.
