What is the removable discontinuity of the function
h(x)=x-2/x power of 2 -4

The total cost function C(x), when the marginal cost is given by (x³ - x)  is C(x) =  x³ - x - 6500.

The marginal cost is the addition to the total cost when one more unit of output is produced. The cost of 1 unit produced will be -

C(x) = x³ - x

Now, the cost of C(x) for {x} = 1, will be -

C(1) = 1³ - 1 = 0

total cost when one more unit of output is produced = 6500 + 0 = 6500

So, the total cost can be written as -

total cost function = marginal cost - total cost when one more unit of output is produced

total cost = x³ - x - 6500

So, the total cost function C(x), when the marginal cost is given by (x³ - x)  is C(x) =  x³ - x - 6500.

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Tariq paid $35.52 for the sunglasses after the discount and processing fee, rounded to the nearest cent. To get how much Tariq paid for the sunglasses after the discount and processing fee, we'll follow these steps:

1. Calculate the 20% discount on the original price of $37.
2. Subtract the discount from the original price to get the price after the discount.
3. Calculate the 20% processing fee on the price after the discount.
4. Add the processing fee to the price after the discount to get the final price Tariq paid. Then, round to the nearest cent.
Step 1: 20% of $37 = 0.20 * 37 = $7.40 (discount)
Step 2: $37 - $7.40 = $29.60 (price after discount)
Step 3: 20% of $29.60 = 0.20 * 29.60 = $5.92 (processing fee)
Step 4: $29.60 + $5.92 = $35.52 (final price)
So, Tariq paid $35.52 for the sunglasses after the discount and processing fee, rounded to the nearest cent.

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To find the perpendicular distance between a line and a parallel plane, given 2 points on the line and the equation Ax+By+Cz=D of a plane, follow these steps:

1. Find the direction vector of the line by subtracting the coordinates of the two points on the line. This gives you a vector that points in the direction of the line.
2. Find the normal vector of the plane by using the coefficients of the equation Ax+By+Cz=D. The normal vector is the vector perpendicular to the plane, and its components are A, B, and C.
3. Find the dot product of the direction vector of the line and the normal vector of the plane. This gives you the cosine of the angle between the line and the plane.
4. Use the formula for the perpendicular distance between a point and a plane: distance = |Ax + By + Cz - D| / sqrt(A^2 + B^2 + C^2), where (x,y,z) are the coordinates of any point on the line.
5. Multiply the distance by the cosine of the angle between the line and the plane, which you found in step 3. This gives you the perpendicular distance between the line and the plane.
So, the formula for the perpendicular distance between a line and a parallel plane, given 2 points on the line and the equation Ax+By+Cz=D of a plane, is:
distance = |Ax + By + Cz - D| / sqrt(A^2 + B^2 + C^2) * cos(theta)
where theta is the angle between the line and the plane, and can be found using the dot product in step 3.

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The local minimum of f(x) is -307/81, and it occurs at x = -4/9.

To find the critical points of the function f(x), we need to find the derivative f'(x) and then set it equal to zero to solve for the critical points:

[tex]f(x) = 8x + 9x^2 - 1[/tex]

f'(x) = 8 + 18x

Setting f'(x) = 0 and solving for x, we get:

8 + 18x = 0

x = -8/18

x = -4/9

Therefore, the critical points of f(x) occur at x = -4/9.

To classify the critical points, we need to find the second derivative f''(x) and evaluate it at each critical point:

f''(x) = 18

f''(-4/9) = 18

Since f''(-4/9) > 0, we know that the critical point at x = -4/9 is a local minimum.

To find the value of the local minimum, we can substitute x = -4/9 into the original function:

[tex]f(-4/9) = 8(-4/9) + 9(-4/9)^2 - 1[/tex]

f(-4/9) = -32/9 + 16/27 - 1

f(-4/9) = -307/81

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The length of the other base of the trapezoid is 10.3 feet. The length of the other base of a trapezoid can be determined by the formula A = 1/2 (b₁ + b₂)h

A trapezoid is a four-sided flat shape with two parallel sides and two non-parallel sides. The two parallel sides are called the bases of the trapezoid and the other two sides are called the legs.

The length of the other base of a trapezoid can be determined by the formula A = 1/2 (b₁ + b₂)h, where A is the area, b1 is the length of the first base, b₂ is the length of the second base, and h is the height of the trapezoid.

In this case, A = 134.33, b₁ = 16, h = 10.1. Substituting these values into the formula, we get:

134.33 = 1/2 (16 + b₂) * 10.1

Solving for b₂, we get:

b₂ = (2 * 134.33) / (16 + 10.1)

b₂ = 10.3

Therefore, the length of the other base of the trapezoid is 10.3 feet.

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Answer: The ice cream sandwich has the highest profit margin of $1.40 per sale.

Explanation: To maximize profits, you need to consider the profit margin of each frozen treat. The profit margin is the difference between the selling price and the cost to you. Among the three options, the ice cream sandwich has the highest profit margin of $1.40 per sale, which means you will earn $1.40 in profit for each ice cream sandwich sold.

The mandible is moving and the cusp "moving" with the arrow is in the either the working or rotating side, while the other side is referred to as either the balancing or orbiting side.

Given that;

The mandible is moving and the cusp "moving" with the arrow is in the ?

Now, We know that;

The side of the mandible that moves sideways is referred to as either the working or rotating side, while the other side is referred to as either the balancing or orbiting side.

Thus, The mandible is moving and the cusp "moving" with the arrow is in the either the working or rotating side, while the other side is referred to as either the balancing or orbiting side.

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a) The value of the derivative is (1/4) * eˣ.

b) The value of the differential equation is 0.025

(a) To find the differential of y when y = eˣ/2, we can use the chain rule of differentiation. dy/dx = (dy/dt) * (dt/dx), where t = eˣ/2.

First, we find the derivative of t with respect to x. dt/dx = (1/2) * eˣ/2.

Then, we find the derivative of y with respect to t. dy/dt = (1/2) * eˣ/2.

Multiplying these two results, we get: dy/dx = (1/2) * eˣ/2 * (1/2) * eˣ/2.

Simplifying this expression, we get: dy/dx = (1/4) * eˣ.

(b) To evaluate dy for x = 0 and dx = 0.1, we substitute these values into the differential equation we found in part (a).

dy/dx = (1/4) * eˣ becomes dy/dx = (1/4) * e⁰ = 1/4.

Then, we multiply by the given value of dx to get: dy = (1/4) * 0.1 = 0.025.

Therefore, when x = 0 and dx = 0.1, the differential dy is equal to 0.025. This means that if we were to increase x by 0.1, y would increase by approximately 0.025.

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The volume of the solid is 31π cubic units.

To find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the curves y = 7 sin x, y = 7 cos x, and the x-axis from 0 to π/4 about the line y = -1, we can use the method of cylindrical shells.

First, let's sketch the region and the axis of rotation:

                |            .

                |          .

                |        .

                |      .

                |   .

   ------------+-------------

                |   .

                |      .

                |        .

                |          .

                |            .

           y = -1

The region we are rotating is the shaded region between the curves y = 7 sin x and y = 7 cos x:

                |          /

                |        /

                |      /

                |    /

                |  /

   ------------+------------- y = 7 sin x

                |  \

                |    \

                |      \

                |        \

                |          \

                y = 7 cos x

To use the cylindrical shells method, we will integrate over vertical slices of the region, with each slice having height Δy and thickness Δx. The radius of each cylindrical shell will be the distance from the line y = -1 to the curve y = 7 sin x or y = 7 cos x, which is 8 + y.

Therefore, the volume of each cylindrical shell is:

dV = 2π(8 + y) * h * Δx

where h is the height of the cylindrical shell (which is Δy), and Δx is the thickness of the shell.

To find the total volume, we integrate over the range of y-values from -1 to 6 (the maximum distance from the axis of rotation to the curves) and x-values from 0 to π/4:

V = ∫[0,π/4] ∫[-1,6] 2π(8 + y) * Δy * Δx dx dy

To express the limits of integration in terms of y, we note that the curves intersect at y = 7 sin x = 7 cos x, or tan x = 1, which means x = π/4 - arctan(1) = π/4 - π/4 = 0. Therefore, we have:

V = ∫[0,π/4] ∫[7cos(x),7sin(x)] 2π(8 + y) * dy * dx

Now we can perform the integration:

V = ∫[0,π/4] 2π(8y + ½y²)|[7cos(x),7sin(x)] dx

 = ∫[0,π/4] 2π[8(7sin(x) - 7cos(x)) + ½(49sin²(x) - 49cos²(x))] dx

 = π[112 - 49∫[0,π/4] cos(2x) dx]

 = π[112 - 49[sin(π/2) - sin(0)]/2]

 = 31π

Therefore, the volume of the solid is 31π cubic units.

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The values of c that satisfy the condition of Rollo's Theorem for the function f(x) = 8sin(2πx) on the interval [-1, 1] are -3/4, 1/4, and 5/4.

Rollo's Theorem states that if a function f(x) is continuous on the closed interval [a, b] and differentiable on the open interval (a, b), and if f(a) = f(b), then there exists at least one value c in (a, b) such that f'(c) = 0.

In this case, the function f(x) = 8sin(2πx) is continuous on the closed interval [-1, 1] and differentiable on the open interval (-1, 1). Also, we have f(-1) = f(1) = 8sin(2π) = 0.

To apply Rollo's Theorem, we need to find the derivative of f(x) and solve the equation f'(c) = 0 for c:

f(x) = 8sin(2πx)

f'(x) = 16πcos(2πx)

Setting f'(c) = 0 and solving for c, we get:

f'(c) = 16πcos(2πc) = 0

cos(2πc) = 0

2πc = (n + 1/2)π, where n is an integer

Solving for c, we get:

c = (n + 1/4)

Since c must be in the interval (-1, 1), we need to consider the values of n that satisfy this condition. We have:

-1 < c = (n + 1/4) < 1

-5/4 < n < 3/4

The values of n that satisfy this inequality are -1, 0, and 1. Therefore, the values of c that satisfy the condition of Rollo's Theorem are:

c = (-1 + 1/4), 0 + 1/4, and 1 + 1/4

Simplifying, we get:

c = -3/4, 1/4, and 5/4

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The equation of the tangent line to the curve x²/₃+y²/₃=20 at the point (64,−8) is y = -4x + 320.

To find the equation of the tangent line to the curve x²/₃+y²/₃=20 at the point (64,−8), we need to first find the derivative of the function. We can do this by implicitly differentiating both sides of the equation with respect to x:

(2/3)x⁻¹/₃ + (2/3)y⁻¹/₃*dy/dx = 0

Next, we can solve for dy/dx to find the slope of the tangent line at the point (64,−8):

dy/dx = -[(2/3)x⁻¹/₃] / [(2/3)y⁻¹/₃]

At the point (64,−8), we can substitute x=64 and y=-8 into the above expression to get the slope of the tangent line:

dy/dx = -[(2/3)(64)⁻¹/₃] / [(2/3)(-8)⁻¹/₃] = -4

Now that we know the slope of the tangent line, we can use the point-slope form of a line to find the equation of the tangent line:

y - y₁ = m(x - x₁)

where (x₁,y₁) is the point of interest and m is the slope of the tangent line.

Substituting x₁=64, y₁=-8, and m=-4 into the above equation, we get:

y - (-8) = -4(x - 64)

which simplifies to:

y = -4x + 320

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The sample size needed for a study can be affected by several factors. Firstly, increasing the alpha level from .01 to .05 implies that the researcher is willing to accept a higher probability of committing a type I error (rejecting a true null hypothesis).

In this case, the sample size needed for the study increases as the probability of obtaining a significant result by chance is higher. Secondly, the number of variables in the study can also affect the sample size needed. A larger number of variables may require a larger sample size to ensure that the study has sufficient statistical power to detect significant effects.

Thirdly, using a one-tailed versus a two-tailed statistical test can also affect the sample size needed. A one-tailed test is more powerful than a two-tailed test as it focuses on detecting effects in only one direction. However, it also requires a larger sample size to achieve the same level of statistical power as a two-tailed test.

Finally, the sensitivity of the instruments used can also impact the sample size needed for a study. A more sensitive instrument may require a smaller sample size to detect significant effects compared to a less sensitive instrument.

In summary, the sample size needed for a study can increase when the alpha level is increased, the number of variables in the study is increased, a one-tailed statistical test is used, or the instruments used have low sensitivity. Researchers need to consider these factors when designing a study to ensure that they have sufficient statistical power to detect meaningful effects.

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The coefficient of C is 3 (option e)

First, let's plug in the coordinates of the point (1,3) into the function to get:

3 = a + b(1) + c(1)²

3 = a + b + c

Next, let's plug in the coordinates of the point (2,7) into the function to get:

7 = a + b(2) + c(2)²

7 = a + 2b + 4c

Finally, let's plug in the coordinates of the point (3,15) into the function to get:

15 = a + b(3) + c(3)²

15 = a + 3b + 9c

To isolate c, we can subtract the first equation from the second equation to get:

4 = 2b + 3c

We can also subtract the second equation from the third equation to get:

8 = b + 5c

Now we have two equations in two variables (b and c). We can solve for c by eliminating b. To do this, we can multiply the first equation by 2 and subtract it from the second equation:

8 - 2(4) = b + 5c - 2(2b + 3c)

0 = -3b - 7c

Solving for b in terms of c gives:

b = (-7/3)c

Substituting this into the first equation gives:

3 = a + b + c

3 = a + (-7/3)c + c

3 = a - (4/3)c

Solving for a in terms of c gives:

a = (4/3)c + 3

Therefore, the coefficient of the x² term is c, which is:

c = (8 - b)/5

c = (8 - (-7/3)c)/5

c = 3

So the answer is (e) c=3.

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If the height is increased by 0.2 then the surface area will be increased by 1.14times the original.

A prism is a solid shape that is bound on all its sides by plane faces.

The surface area of a prism is expressed as;

SA = 2B + ph

where h is the height , p is the perimeter of the base and B is the base area

The scale factor in terms of height = 32/30

if x is the surface area of old prism and y for new

then area factor = (16/15)² = 256/225

256/225 = y/x

225y = 256x

y = 256/225 x

y = 1.14x

therefore the surface area will increase by 1.14times the original.

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The position of the particle at any time t is given by s(t) = -3cos(t) + 2sin(t) + 2t + 3. We are given the acceleration function a(t) and the initial conditions for position and velocity. We need to find the position function s(t).

First, we can find the velocity function v(t) by integrating the acceleration function:

v(t) = ∫ a(t) dt = ∫ (3cos(t) - 2sin(t) dt = 3sin(t) + 2cos(t) + C

where C is a constant of integration.

Using the initial condition v(0) = 4, we can solve for C:

v(0) = 3sin(0) + 2cos(0) + C = 2 + C = 4

C = 2

So, the velocity function is:

v(t) = 3sin(t) + 2cos(t) + 2

Now, we can find the position function s(t) by integrating the velocity function:

s(t) = ∫ v(t) dt = ∫ (3sin(t) + 2cos(t) + 2) dt

= -3cos(t) + 2sin(t) + 2t + D

where D is a constant of integration.

Using the initial condition s(0) = 0, we can solve for D:

s(0) = -3cos(0) + 2sin(0) + 2(0) + D = -3 + D = 0

D = 3

So, the position function is:

s(t) = -3cos(t) + 2sin(t) + 2t + 3

Therefore, the position of the particle at any time t is given by s(t) = -3cos(t) + 2sin(t) + 2t + 3.

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Indeterminate form: 0/0.

analytically compute the limit without using L'hospital's rule is undefined.

compute the limit using L'hospital's rule -6/7.

Indeterminate form: 0/0.

The numerator and denominator and cancel out the common factor of (x - 2) to simplify the expression as follows:

[tex]lim (5x - 14) / (x - 2)^2[/tex]

x → 2

[tex]= lim (5(x - 2) + 6) / (x - 2)^2[/tex]

x → 2

[tex]= lim 5/(x - 2) + 6/(x - 2)^2[/tex]

x → 2

Now we can evaluate the limit by plugging in x = 2:

[tex]= 5/(2 - 2) + 6/(2 - 2)^2[/tex]

= undefined

Using L'Hospital's rule:

[tex]lim (5x - 14) / (x - 2)^2[/tex]

x → 2

[tex]= lim (5) / (2(x - 2))[/tex]

x → 2

= undefined

Indeterminate form: 0/0.

The numerator and denominator and cancel out the common factor of (x - 2) to simplify the expression as follows:

[tex]lim (2x^2 - 15x + 20) / (x - 2)(x + 5)[/tex]

x → 2

[tex]= lim [2(x - 2)(x - 5)] / (x - 2)(x + 5)[/tex]

x → 2

[tex]= lim 2(x - 5) / (x + 5)[/tex]

x → 2

Now we can evaluate the limit by plugging in x = 2:

= 2(2 - 5) / (2 + 5)

= -6/7

Using L'Hospital's rule:

[tex]lim (2x^2 - 15x + 20) / (x - 2)(x + 5)[/tex]

x → 2

[tex]= lim (4x - 15) / (2x + 3)[/tex]

x → 2

= -6/7

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The median size is 12 and yes the student is correct.

The median is the value in the middle of a data set, meaning that 50% of data points have a value smaller or equal to the median and 50% of data points have a value higher or equal to the median.

The median is calculated as;

(n+1)/2 =( 100+1)/2 = 101/2

= 50.5th term

therefore the median size will be at the 50th term

which is size 12.

therefore the median size is 12.

The probability that a woman chosen at random has a shoe of 6 or a dress size of 16 is

10/100+19/100

= 0.1 + 0.19

= 0.29

therefore the student is correct.

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The sum of all repetitions performed multiplied by the resistances used during a strength-training session is the workload.

To find the sum of all repetitions performed multiplied by the resistances used during a strength-training session, you would need to calculate the total workload.

This can be done by multiplying the number of repetitions for each exercise by the resistance used for that exercise, and then adding up the results for all exercises performed during the session.

For example, if you did 10 reps of bench press with 100 pounds, 8 reps of bicep curls with 50 pounds, and 12 reps of squats with 150 pounds, the total workload would be (10 x 100) + (8 x 50) + (12 x 150) = 2,600 pounds. This number represents the total amount of weight lifted during the session and can be used to track progress and adjust future workouts.

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The pool will have approximately 12,555 gallons of water left in it after 12 days.

To find out how many gallons of water will be left in the pool after 12 days, given that it evaporates at a rate of 2% per day and has 16,000 gallons today, follow these steps:

1. Determine the rate of water remaining in the pool each day:

Since the pool loses 2% of water daily, the remaining percentage is 100% - 2% = 98%.

In decimal form, this is 0.98.

2. Calculate the amount of water after 12 days:

To do this, raise the daily remaining water rate (0.98) to the power of the number of days (12):

0.98¹² ≈ 0.7847.

This represents the percentage of water remaining in the pool after 12 days.

3. Multiply the initial water amount (16,000 gallons) by the percentage of water remaining after 12 days (0.7847):

16,000 * 0.7847 ≈ 12,555 gallons.

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The difference between groups and the sample size makes the results of a study statistically significant.

Statistical significance is a measure of the likelihood that the results of a study are not due to chance. In order for a result to be statistically significant, it must meet two criteria:

The difference between groups must be large enough to be unlikely to occur by chance. This is typically assessed using a statistical test such as a t-test or an ANOVA.

The result of the test is expressed as a p-value, which represents the probability of obtaining the observed results if there were no true difference between groups. A p-value of less than 0.05 (or 5%) is generally considered to be statistically significant.

The sample size must be large enough to reduce the possibility of sampling error. A larger sample size generally increases the power of a study, making it more likely to detect a true effect.

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According to recent polls, the political party received an average of 34% support, with a margin of error of plus or minus 3.4%, in 19 out of 20 cases. However, two subsequent polls showed 38% support and 27% support. It is important to interpret these results with caution and consider other factors that may have influenced the poll outcomes.

The recent polls indicate that the political party received an average of 34% support. This average is based on multiple polls conducted, and in 19 out of 20 cases, the margin of error was within plus or minus 3.4%. In other words, the party's actual support could range from 30.6% (34% - 3.4%) to 37.4% (34% + 3.4%).

The first subsequent poll showed 38% support for the party. Since the margin of error for the original average was plus or minus 3.4%, the support of 38% falls within the range of possible outcomes, and therefore does not necessarily indicate a significant change in support for the party.

The second subsequent poll, however, showed 27% support for the party. This falls outside the original range of possible outcomes (30.6% to 37.4%) and could suggest a decrease in support for the party compared to the original average.

Therefore, based on these subsequent polls, it is possible that there has been a decrease in support for the political party compared to the original average of 34% with a margin of error of plus or minus 3.4%. However, it is important to interpret these results with caution and consider other factors that may have influenced the poll outcomes.

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The sample size must be a whole number, we can round it to the nearest integer, which is 17. Therefore, the sample size must have been approximately 17 based on given standard deviation.

Given the population standard deviation, the normal sampling distribution of the sample mean, and the margin of error, we can find the sample size, n. Here's a step-by-step explanation:

1. The 96% confidence interval is given by the formula: CI = Sample Mean ± Margin of Error
[tex]M = Z * (Standard Deviation / √n)[/tex]
2. Since we're dealing with a normal sampling distribution, the Margin of Error (M) is calculated as follows:
 [tex]M = Z * (Standard Deviation / √n)[/tex]

3. In this case, the Margin of Error (M) is 0.704927685875988, and the population standard deviation is 1.88. For a 96% confidence interval, the Z-score (Z) is approximately 2.05. We can rearrange the Margin of Error formula to find the sample size (n):

  n =[tex](Z * Standard Deviation / M)^2[/tex]

4. Plug in the values and solve for n:
  n = (2.05 * 1.88 / 0.704927685875988)^2

5. After calculating, you'll find that n ≈ 17.07.

Since the sample size must be a whole number, we can round it to the nearest integer, which is 17. Therefore, the sample size must have been approximately 17.

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A change of one standard deviation in x corresponds to a change of r standard deviations in y.False

The correlation coefficient (r) measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables, but it does not necessarily indicate that a change of one standard deviation in x corresponds to a change of r standard deviations in y. The magnitude of this correspondence depends on the slope of the regression line, which is determined by both the correlation coefficient and the standard deviations of the variables.

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The value of the given definite integral after evaluation is 26, under the condition that the evaluation should take place interpreting it in terms of known areas.

The integral[tex]I = \int\limits^3_1 (5+4x)dx[/tex] can be interpreted in and expressed as

The definite integral projects the area under the curve of the function (5+4x) between x=3 and x=1. Then the area can be divided into two parts: a rectangle with base 2 and height 5+4(3) = 17, and a triangle with base 2 and height (5+4(1)) - 17 = -8.
Therefore, he area of the rectangle is 2× 17 = 34, and the area of the triangle is (1/2)×2×(-8) = -8.

Now, the integral[tex]I = \int\limits^3_1 (5+4x)dx[/tex] can be calculated
I = Area of rectangle + Area of triangle
I = 34 + (-8)
I = 26
The value of the given definite integral after evaluation is 26, under the condition that the evaluation should take place interpreting it in terms of known areas.
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A quantity that measures the amount of variation in y explained by a regression model is the square of the correlation coefficient, also known as the coefficient of determination or R-squared (R²).

The R-squared value is a statistical measure that represents the proportion of the variance in the dependent variable (y) that can be explained by the independent variable(s) in the regression model. In other words, it shows how well the regression line fits the data points. The R-squared value ranges from 0 to 1, with a higher value indicating a better fit of the regression line to the data.

For example, if the R-squared value is 0.80, it means that 80% of the variation in the dependent variable can be explained by the independent variable(s) in the regression model, and the remaining 20% is due to other factors that are not accounted for in the model.

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The ratio [tex]\frac{p}{1-p}[/tex] is not unbiasedly estimable in the context of a binomial distribution with parameters n and p, denoted as Bin(n, p).

To show this, let's consider the properties of unbiased estimators. An estimator is said to be unbiased if its expected value is equal to the true value of the parameter being estimated, regardless of the sample size. In other words, an unbiased estimator does not systematically overestimate or underestimate the true value of the parameter.

Now, let's consider the ratio [tex]\frac{p}{1-p}[/tex] as an estimator of p in a Bin(n, p) distribution. The expected value of this estimator can be calculated as follows:

[tex]E\left(\frac{p}{1-p}\right) = \sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{p}{1-p} \cdot P(X=k)[/tex], where the summation is taken over all possible values of k from 0 to n, and P(X=k) is the probability mass function of the binomial distribution.

We can rewrite p/(1-p) as p × (1/(1-p)), and then expand it using the binomial theorem:

[tex]\begin{equation}E\left(\frac{p}{1-p}\right) = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} p \times \frac{1}{1-p} \times P(X=k)\end{equation}[/tex]

= [tex]\sum_{k=0}^{n} p \times (1-p)^{n-k} \times P(X=k)[/tex] using the binomial probability mass function

= [tex]p \times \sum_{k=0}^n [(1-p)^{n-k}] \times P(X=k)[/tex]

Now, let's consider the term [tex]\sum_{k=0}^{n} (1-p)^{n-k} \times P(X=k)[/tex]. This term involves a summation of powers of (1-p), which is a polynomial in p of degree n-k. Since the summation is taken over all possible values of k from 0 to n, the highest power of (1-p) in this polynomial is (1-p)⁽ⁿ⁻ⁿ⁾ = 1, and the lowest power is (1-p)⁽ⁿ⁻⁰⁾ = (1-p)ⁿ. Therefore, the overall polynomial in p has a degree of n.

However, [tex]p \cdot \sum\limits_{k=0}^n (1-p)^{n-k} \cdot P(X=k)[/tex] is not a polynomial in p, but rather a product of p with a polynomial in p of degree n. This means that p/(1-p) is not a polynomial of degree n in p, and thus it is not an unbiased estimator of p in the Bin(n, p) distribution.

Therefore, we can conclude that [tex]\frac{p}{1-p}[/tex] is not unbiasedly estimable in the context of a binomial distribution with parameters n and p. More generally, only polynomials of degree n in p are unbiasedly estimable.

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1. When n = 21 in a Chi-Square problem, the degrees of freedom (df) would be 20. This is because the formula for df in a Chi Square test is df = (number of rows - 1) x (number of columns - 1), and in a 2x2 contingency table with n = 21, there would be 1 row and 1 column, which means the df would be (1-1) x (1-1) = 0.

However, since there must be at least one expected frequency greater than 5 in each cell of the contingency table for the Chi Square test to be valid, we would need to combine cells and create a larger table with more rows and columns in order to satisfy this condition. Once we have a valid table, we can calculate the df using the formula mentioned earlier.

2. The area to the right of chi-square sub Lif c = .90 can be found using a Chi Square distribution table or a Chi Square calculator. Assuming a two-tailed test with alpha = .10, the critical value for chi-square with df = 1 and a one-tailed test is 2.71. Therefore, the area to the right of chi-square sub Lif c = .90 would be 1 - 0.90 = 0.10, and the corresponding chi-square value would be 2.71.

3. If the chi-square confidence interval for O-squared is 36 < o? < 144, we can calculate the confidence interval for o by taking the square root of the upper and lower bounds of the O-squared interval. Therefore, the confidence interval for o would be 6 < o < 12.

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Type of sampling is more structured than accidental sampling but less reliable and less representative than probability sampling.

Probability sampling, also known as random sampling, is a method of selecting a sample from a larger population in which each individual has an equal chance of being selected. This type of sampling is considered to be the most representative and reliable way to select a sample.

Accidental sampling, also known as convenience sampling, involves selecting individuals who are easily accessible or available to participate in the study. This type of sampling is less reliable and less representative than probability sampling.

Purposive sampling, also known as judgmental sampling, involves selecting individuals who meet specific criteria or characteristics that are important to the study. This type of sampling is often used in qualitative research and may not be as representative as probability sampling.

Quota sampling involves selecting individuals based on specific quotas or characteristics to ensure that the sample is representative of the larger population. This type of sampling is more structured than accidental sampling but less reliable and less representative than probability sampling.

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Probability sampling is also known as random sampling, where each individual has an equal chance of being selected.

Another name for probability sampling is random sampling. Random sampling is a method of choosing a sample from a population in which each individual has an equal probability of being selected. Other types of non-random sampling methods include convenience sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling.

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