One way for a entrepreneur to decrease risk is by creating strong business strategy.
Entrepreneurs are valuable resources who power their businesses. They take their large responsibilities seriously and work hard to fulfil them. For an entrepreneur, managing a business, its staff, and its various departments is not a simple task. Since they are in a leadership position, they must handle the worst scenario with caution to protect the reputation of their business.
Entrepreneurs take risks to compete in the market because they are concerned about their position there and sincerely want to hold that position. Leaders won't be able to compete in the market or win the race if they don't take chances.
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The history of entrepreneurship in South Africa
Answer:
Entrepreneurship has played a significant role in the economic development of South Africa, especially during the country's transition from apartheid to democracy. The history of entrepreneurship in South Africa dates back to the 17th century when Dutch settlers established a trading post in Cape Town. However, it was only in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that entrepreneurship began to flourish in the country.
During this period, many entrepreneurs started businesses in various sectors such as mining, agriculture, and manufacturing. One of the notable entrepreneurs during this time was Cecil Rhodes, who founded the De Beers diamond company and played a significant role in the development of the mining industry in South Africa. Another notable entrepreneur was Jan Christiaan Smuts, who founded several businesses and later became the Prime Minister of South Africa.
In the mid-20th century, entrepreneurship continued to thrive despite the apartheid regime's discriminatory policies. Many black entrepreneurs started businesses in townships and rural areas, providing goods and services to their communities. However, these businesses faced numerous challenges due to apartheid laws that restricted their access to resources such as capital and education.
After the end of apartheid in 1994, entrepreneurship became even more critical to South Africa's economic development. The government introduced policies and initiatives aimed at promoting entrepreneurship and supporting small businesses. These included tax incentives, funding programs, and business development services.
Today, South Africa has a vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem with many successful startups and small businesses across various sectors such as technology, finance, and healthcare. Some of the notable startups include Jumia (an e-commerce platform), Yoco (a mobile point-of-sale provider), and SweepSouth (an on-demand cleaning service).
In conclusion, the history of entrepreneurship in South Africa is a long and complex one that spans several centuries. Despite facing numerous challenges such as discrimination and limited access to resources, entrepreneurs have played a significant role in driving economic growth and development in the country.
One of the advantages of phone interviews is that you can have a successful call from any location like your home or a busy coffee shop.
There are many benefits to conducting phone interviews over setting up an initial face-to-face appointment, including the fact that they are quicker and more convenient for both you and the interviewee. Personality, telephone manners, and mannerisms are frequently relied upon and required in sales jobs, in addition to educational background and experience.
The flexibility and convenient that phone interviews provide for both the interviewer and the interviewee is one of their benefits. Phone interviews can be done from any location as long as there is a dependable phone connection because the participant does not need to be there physically. Candidates can conduct phone interviews from their home, business, or any other convenient location, eliminating the need for travel to the interviewer's office.
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Halifax Manufacturing allows its customers to return merchandise for any reason up to 90 days after delivery and receive a credit to their accounts. All of Halifax's sales are for credit (no cash is collected at the time of sale). The company began 2021 with a refund liability of $470,000. During 2021, Halifax sold merchandise on account for $13,200,000. Halifax's merchandise costs is 60% of merchandise selling price. Also during the year, customers returned $524,000 in sales for credit, with $289,000 of those being returns of merchandise sold prior to 2021, and the rest being merchandise sold during 2021. Sales returns, estimated to be 4% of sales, are recorded as an adjusting entry at the end of the year.
Required:
1. Prepare entries to (a) record actual returns in 2021 of merchandise that was sold prior to 2021; (b) record actual returns in 2021 of merchandise that was sold during 2021; and (c) adjust the refund liability to its appropriate balance at vear end.
2. What is the amount of the year-end refund liability after the adjusting entry is recorded?
Purchase returns and allowances are not reflected on the balance sheet as liabilities since they are not obligations.
Liabilities are exactly what?The balance sheet's right side is devoted to things categorized as liabilities, which include obligations like as loans, accounts payable, mortgages, deferred income, bonds, warranties, and cumulative expenses. You can contrast assets and liabilities. Liabilities are things you owe money to or that you own; assets are things you possess or have borrowed money from.
A refund is due to what account?According to Accounting Coach, refunds are handled in accounting using the sales returns and allowances account, a contra-revenue account.
The consideration amount for which the reporting company does not anticipate being entitled is the amount of the refund obligation since it will be given back to customers. At every reporting date, the refund obligation is reassessed to account for changes in the projected returns, and revenue is subsequently adjusted.
Refund Liability A/c- (Dr.) $289,000
Actual Return A/c $289,000
Inventory A/c- (Dr.) (60% of $289,000) $173,400
Inventory Estimated Return $173,000
Sales Return A/c- (Dr.) ($524,000 - $289,000) $235,000
Actual Return A/c $235,000
Inventory A/c- (Dr.) (60% of $235,000) $141,000
COGS $141,000
4% of $13,200,000 = $528,000 - $235,000= $293,000
$293,000 + $289,000 - $470,000= $112,000
Sales return A/c- (dr.) $112,000
Refund liability A/c $112,000
Inventory Estimated return ($112,000 x 60%) $67,200
COGS $67,200
Returns Liability $470,000
Actual Return ($289,000)
Adjustment needed $112,000
$293,000
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A number of sentences are given below which, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences from among the four given choices to construct a coherent paragraph. (A) Realists believe that there is an objective reality out there independent of ourselves. (B) This reality exists solely by virtue of how the world is, and it is in principle discoverable by application of the methods of science. (C) They believe in the possibility of determining whether or not a theory is indeed really true or false. (D) I think it is fair to say that this is the position to which most working scientists subscribe. (a) ABCD (b) CDBA (c) DCBA
Answer:
The most logical order of the given sentences is: (c) DCBA.
Explanation:
Sentence (c) introduces the realists' belief in the possibility of determining the truth or falsehood of a theory. Sentence (D) supports this view by stating that most working scientists subscribe to this position. Sentence (B) then elaborates on how this is possible, by stating that reality exists independently of ourselves and is discoverable through the methods of science. Finally, sentence (A) provides a brief summary of the realists' position. Therefore, the correct order is DCBA.
In order to find Value what would I do? Would I add or subtract the shares and close? I’m confused.
On order to find the value of a particular stock in your investment portfolio, you would multiply the number of shares you own by the closing price of that stock on a given day.
How to explain the informationFor example, to find the value of your Dell stock on May 15, you would multiply 75 (shares) by 85.45 (closing price), which would give you a value of $6,408.75.
Similarly, to find the value of your Apple stock on May 16, you would multiply 75 (shares) by 49.75 (closing price), which would give you a value of $3,731.25.
Please note that the value of your entire portfolio on a given day is the sum of the values of all the stocks you own on that day.
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answer this please!!!
The overall rate of inflation between the base year and last year is 1%.
How to calculate the valueGasoline rate of inflation = ($2.65 - $2.65) / $2.65 x 100% = 0%
Pizza rate of inflation = ($3.00 - $2.65) / $2.65 x 100% = 13.21%
Beer rate of inflation = ($5.75 - $4.45) / $4.45 x 100% = 29.21%
Textbook rate of inflation = ($110.00 - $238.00) / $238.00 x 100% = -53.78%
Overall rate of inflation = (200/309) x 0% + (60/309) x 13.21% + (45/309) x 29.21% + (4/309) x (-53.78%) = 1%
Therefore, the overall rate of inflation between the base year and last year is 1%.
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Blossom Company reported net income of $159,500. For 2022, depreciation was $47,300, and the company reported a gain on sale of investments of $14,300. Accounts receivable increased $27,300 and accounts payable decreased $25,300.
Compute net cash provided by operating activities using the indirect method.
Net cash provided by operating activities $
To calculate net cash provided by operating activities using the indirect method, we start with net income and adjust for non-cash items and changes in working capital accounts.
The Net income is $159,500. The Depreciation is +$47,300 and Gain on sale of investments is -$14,300. The Changes in working capital accounts are the Increase in accounts receivable is +$27,300 and the Decrease in accounts payable is -$25,300
The Net cash provided by operating activities =Net income + Adjustments for non-cash items + Changes in working capital accounts
= $159,500 + $47,300 - $14,300 + $27,300 - $25,300
= $194,500
Therefore, the net cash provided by operating activities using the indirect method is $194,500.
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Curtis's team is in a heated discussion during a meeting. He wants to help lessen the conflict. What is the LEAST appropriate question for him to ask in this moment?
Do we have ground rules in place?
Are we paying enough attention to results?
Why can't we trust each other?
Who is to blame for causing this conflict?
C. Why can't we trust each other?
Asking "Why can't we trust each other?" is the least appropriate question for Curtis to ask at this moment. This question is accusatory and implies that there is a lack of trust among team members. It can make team members feel defensive and escalate the conflict.
On the other hand, asking questions like "Do we have ground rules in place?" can help establish norms and facilitate communication. "Are we paying enough attention to results?" can help the team refocus on the task at hand. "Who is to blame for causing this conflict?" can help identify the root cause of the conflict, but it should be asked in a non-accusatory way.
Gaia’s gross pay per month is $2,895. Her deductions are listed in the table.
Answer:
Net pay is obtained by deducting all expenses for the gross pay. I.e., Gross pay - deductions = net pay Gross pay = $2,895 Deductions are Federal Income Tax $324 State Income Tax $96 Social Security $126 Medicare $39 Total deductions = $585 Net pay = $2,895 - $585 Net pay =$2,310
When comparing and contrasting the income and economic protections of states with high union densities to states with low union densities a. States with high union densities have minimum wage levels almost 20% higher than the national average. b. States with low union densities have minimum wage levels almost 20% higher than the national average. c. States with low union densities have median incomes $10,000 higher than the national average.
Option (a), State minimum wages are roughly 20% higher than the national average in states with a strong union density.
What proportion of US civilian employment are unionized?According to statistics made public by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics on Thursday, the rate of union membership decreased from 10.3% in 2021 to 10.1% in 2022. Nonetheless, the numbers show that the 14.3 million wage and salary workers who were union members last year climbed by 273,000, or 1.9%, from 2021.
Do persons who belong to unions make more or less money than those who do not? In that scenario, why then?Compared to non-members, union members are paid more and receive greater benefits. There is an average salary difference of 11.2% between union and non-union workers. Only 69% of non-union employees receive health insurance from their employment, compared to 96% of union employees.
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The complete question is:
When comparing and contrasting the income and economic protections of states with high union densities to states with low union densities
a. States with high union densities have minimum wage levels almost 20% higher than the national average.
b. States with low union densities have minimum wage levels almost 20% higher than the national average.
c. States with low union densities have median incomes $10,000 higher than the national average.
Which of the following is not a responsibility of local government 
Where are the options?
With some exceptions, it is a criminal offense for a minor to:
With some exceptions, it is a criminal offense for a minor to engage in certain activities, such as:
1. Purchase or consume alcohol or tobacco products.
2. Drive a car without a valid driver's license.
3. Vote in an election.
4. Serve on a jury.
5. Work in certain hazardous occupations.
6. Enter into a binding contract.
7. Get a tattoo or piercing without parental consent.
8. Possess or use firearms.
9. Run away from home without parental consent.
10. Engage in sexual activity with an adult.
11. Commit certain crimes.
The specific laws and regulations regarding minors vary by state and country, so it is important to check the relevant laws in your area. Minors are individuals who are under the age of majority, which varies by location but is typically 18 years old. Because minors are considered to be legally incapable of making certain decisions, there are laws and regulations in place to protect them from harm and ensure that they are not taken advantage of.
For example, it is illegal for a minor to purchase or consume alcohol or tobacco products because these substances can be harmful to their health and development. Similarly, minors are not allowed to drive a car without a valid driver's license because they may not have the necessary skills and experience to operate a vehicle safely.
Other activities, such as voting, serving on a jury, or entering into a binding contract, require a certain level of maturity and responsibility that minors may not yet possess. In some cases, minors may be allowed to engage in these activities with the consent of a parent or legal guardian.
In general, the laws and regulations regarding minors are designed to protect their health, safety, and well-being, and to ensure that they have the opportunity to grow and develop into responsible adults.
Discuss how you will use the "8-Step process to critical thinking" in your personal and professional life. Provide examples to support your answers.
Note that the essential use of the "8-Step process to critical thinking" in ones professional and personal life are to solve problems and make life easier.
How is this so?
The capacity to assess data and create an opinion is referred to as critical thinking. It's an example of emotional intelligence. When the occasion calls for it, someone with critical thinking abilities can think clearly and reasonably. It enables them to solve problems and make decisions more effectively.
Critical thinkers are critical, open-minded, value fairness, value evidence and reasoning, value clarity and accuracy, consider alternative points of view, and will modify their beliefs when logic leads them to do so.
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Match each vocabulary term below with its definition.
1.identification to a church or belief; adherence to a certain faith
2.belonging to a nation by virtue of birth or naturalization
3.a group of people that share a common ancestry, nationality, or culture (including language and religious beliefs and practices)
4.being affiliated with a particular culture, association, or people
ethnic
group identity
nationality
religious affiliation
The vocabulary terms when matched with their definition are :
religious affiliation: identification to a church or belief; adherence to a certain faithnationality: belonging to a nation by virtue of birth or naturalizationethnic: a group of people that share a common ancestry, nationality, or culture (including language and religious beliefs and practices)group identity: being affiliated with a particular culture, association, or peopleWhat are religious affiliations and group identity ?Religious affiliation pertains to an individual's association with a particular religion or religious community; alternatively, it can denote the extent to which they abide by the tenets and rituals of such faith.
Conversely, group identity refers to a person's sentiment about being part of a certain cultural, social, or political cohort in society. This identification applies even when connected with a specific race, ethnicity, nationality, or other associations and emanates from intrinsic proclivities including family background, upbringing, education, and life experiences.
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Trapper Corporation is comparing two different capital structures, an all-equity plan (Plan I) and a levered plan (Plan II). Under Plan I, the company would have 205,000 shares of stock outstanding. Under Plan II, there would be 155,000 shares of stock outstanding and $3.1 million in debt outstanding. The interest rate on the debt is 8 percent, and there are no taxes. What is the break-even EBIT?
The debt has an interest rate of 8% and there are no taxes. Break-even EBIT is $180,000.
The capital structure is the mix of the sources of money that a corporation uses to sustain its capital. Capital sources include equity, loans, retained earnings, and so on. Firms strive to create a capital structure that has the lowest cost of capital while providing the most value to the firm.
To calculate the break-even EBIT for two distinct capital structures, we set the EPS equations equal and solve for EBIT.
EBIT at break-even is
EBIT / 150,000 = [EBIT - .05 × ($1,200,000)]/100,000
EBIT / 150,000 = [EBIT - 600,000 ] / 100,000
EBIT × 10 = 15 × [EBIT - 600,000]
10 EBIT = 15 EBIT - 9,000,000
15 EBIT - 10 EBIT = 9,000,000
5 EBIT = 9,000,000
EBIT = 9,000,000 / 5
EBIT = $180,000
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Match the different activities to the responsibilities of relevant banks.
ll rights reserved
accepts deposits from people
regulates safe and lawful
operations
conducts nation's monetary policies
lends money through to consumers
and businesses
provides financial services to the
government
Federal Bank
Other Commercial Bank
The correct activities for federal and other commercial banks are:
accepts deposits from people - Other Commercial Bankregulates safe and lawful operations - Federal Bankconducts nation's monetary policies - Federal Banklends money through to consumers and businesses - Other Commercial Bankprovides financial services to the government - Federal BankHow are federal and other commercial banks different ?Banks play a crucial role in the economy by providing various financial services to the public and the government. The Federal Bank is responsible for conducting the nation's monetary policies, which includes setting interest rates, regulating the money supply, and maintaining price stability.
On the other hand, commercial banks, also known as Other Commercial Banks, are responsible for accepting deposits from people and lending money to consumers and businesses.
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which year is the turning point for businesses, when their odds of survival begin to improve
The turning point for businesses, when their odds of survival begin to improve, is the end of the first year and the beginning of the second year of operation.
According to a study by the Small Business Administration (SBA) in the United States, the turning point for businesses, when their odds of survival begin to improve, is the end of the first year and the beginning of the second year of operation. Specifically, the study found that businesses that survive the first year have a 75% chance of surviving the second year, and businesses that survive the second year have a 90% chance of surviving the third year.
Therefore, it is crucial for new businesses to have a solid business plan and strategy, as well as adequate funding and resources to survive the critical first year of operation.
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Which statement correctly describes a union shop?
The worker must be a member of the union before being hired.
The worker is not required to join a labor union before being hired.
Non-union members can be hired provided they join the union within a specified time.
Both non-union and union workers receive the same benefits and wages.
Answer:
Non-union members can be hired provided they join the union within a specified time
Contrast a group and a team. Which collection of people BEST describes a group but NOT a team?
six students working on homework assignments in the same algebra classroom
three friends brainstorming ideas for a surprise birthday party for another friend
four colleagues creating a presentation for an upcoming meeting with their CEO
five athletes running a play where they dodge their opponent's defense to score a goa
Answer:
six student working on homework in algebra best suits it.
What is one disadvantage of buying stocks?
A. Stocks are private and difficult to purchase.
B. Stocks are a high-risk investment.
C. Stocks are low-risk but have a low rate of return.
D. Stocks don't pay out until you reach a specific age.
SUBMIT
Answer:
B. Stocks are a high-risk investment.
Explanation:
B. Stocks are a high-risk investment. This is one disadvantage of buying stocks. The stock market can be volatile, and there is always a risk of losing money, especially if an investor invests in a single company or industry and that company or industry experiences significant losses or downturns. It is important to have a diversified portfolio to mitigate some of this risk.
Research and briefly summarize the following savings options. In your summary, make sure you mention the level of risk associated with each option and recent returns on investment. Savings account Certificates of deposit Stocks Bonds Mutual funds Employer sponsored savings plan Physical assets Commodities
Answer:
Savings account: A savings account is a bank account that earns interest on the money deposited. The level of risk is low, and the returns are also low, usually below the rate of inflation.
Certificates of deposit: Certificates of deposit (CDs) are a type of savings account that has a fixed term and interest rate. The level of risk is low, and the returns are higher than savings accounts, but still low compared to other options.
Stocks: Stocks are a type of investment that represents ownership in a company. The level of risk is high, and the returns are also high, but can be volatile.
Bonds: Bonds are a type of investment where the investor loans money to a company or government in exchange for regular interest payments. The level of risk is low to moderate, and the returns are moderate.
Mutual funds: Mutual funds are a type of investment that pools money from multiple investors to buy a portfolio of stocks, bonds, or other securities. The level of risk and returns depend on the specific mutual fund.
Employer sponsored savings plan: Employer-sponsored savings plans, such as 401(k)s, are retirement savings accounts that allow employees to contribute pre-tax income. The level of risk and returns depend on the specific investment options offered.
Physical assets: Physical assets, such as real estate or gold, are tangible items that can be bought and sold. The level of risk and returns depend on the specific asset.
Commodities: Commodities, such as oil or agricultural products, are raw materials that can be bought and sold. The level of risk and returns depend on the specific commodity.
Geoffrey
But how will these open market
operations affect Typical Bank's required
reserves and excess reserves?
Required reserves will not change, but excess
reserves will rise.
Both required reserves and excess reserves will rise.
Open market operations refer to the buying and selling of government securities by the central bank in order to manage the money supply in the economy. Both required reserves and excess reserves will rise.
When the central bank buys securities from banks, it pays for them by adding reserves to the banks' accounts. This means that the reserves of Typical Bank will increase, including both required reserves (which are set by regulation and based on the bank's deposits) and excess reserves (which are the amount of reserves held above the required amount).
It's important to note that an increase in excess reserves could potentially lead to an increase in lending by banks, which could stimulate economic growth. However, it could also lead to inflation if the increase in lending leads to an excessive increase in the money supply.
The central bank must carefully manage open market operations to maintain stability in the economy.Therefore, the correct answer to the question is: "Both required reserves and excess reserves will rise."
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A country has a comparative advantage in trade when it :
A country has a comparative advantage in trade when it can produce a particular good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another country. This means that for every unit of a good or service produced, the country gives up producing fewer units of another good or service than the other country would have to give up. By specializing in the production of goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage, countries can increase their economic efficiency and overall output, and can benefit from trade with other countries.
what will be the after tax equity from the sale?
Explanation:
not a full question, please repeat the full question
What are Business Loan?
Answer:
Credit
Explanation:
What people owns to the business
A comparative balance sheet and income statement is shown for Cruz, Incorporated.
CRUZ, INCORPORATED
Comparative Balance Sheets
At December 31 2021 2020
Assets
Cash $ 63,600 $ 15,900
Accounts receivable, net 27,400 33,700
Inventory 57,400 63,300
Prepaid expenses 3,500 2,900
Total current assets 151,900 115,800
Furniture 70,500 82,200
Accumulated depreciation—Furniture (10,900) (6,200)
Total assets $ 211,500 $ 191,800
Liabilities and Equity
Accounts payable $ 10,000 $ 14,100
Wages payable 6,000 3,300
Income taxes payable 1,000 1,800
Total current liabilities 17,000 19,200
Notes payable (long-term) 20,700 47,800
Total liabilities 37,700 67,000
Equity
Common stock, $5 par value 153,600 124,000
Retained earnings 20,200 800
Total liabilities and equity $ 211,500 $ 191,800
CRUZ, INCORPORATED
Income Statement
For Year Ended December 31, 2021
Sales $ 328,400
Cost of goods sold 211,300
Gross profit 117,100
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation) 60,000
Depreciation expense 25,300
Income before taxes 31,800
Income taxes expense 11,600
Net income $ 20,200
Required:
Use the indirect method to prepare the operating activities section of Cruz’s statement of cash flows.
Add: Decrease in inventory $6,300
Less: Increase in prepaid expenses -$700
Less: Decrease in accounts payable -$4,100
How to solveCash Flows From Operating Activities Section of Cash Flow Statement:
Particulars Amount Amount
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net income $20,400
Adjustments to reconcile Net income to operating cash flow
Income statement items not affecting cash:
Add: Depreciation expenses $25,400
Changes in current operating assets and liabilities
Add: Decrease in accounts receivable $6,500
Add: Decrease in inventory $6,300
Less: Increase in prepaid expenses -$700
Less: Decrease in accounts payable -$4,100
Add: Increase in wages payable $2,700
Less: Decrease in income tax payable -$800 $9,900
Net cash Provided by (Used for) Operating Activities $55,700
*Decrease in current liabilities and Increase in current assets other than cash is deducted from Net Income.
*Increase in current liabilities and Decrease in current assets other than cash is added to Net Income.
*Non cash & Non operating expenses are added to Net income.
*Non cash & Non operating income are deducted from Net income.
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SCENARIO #1: SARAH makes $43,000 per year, is single, and lives in Connecticut. She has $19,000
in Direct Subsidized loans and $8000 in Direct Unsubsidized loans.
What are some advantages and disadvantages of using this repayment plan?
It is not specified in the scenario which repayment plan is being referred to, so I will provide information on two common repayment plans for federal student loans:
It is not specified in the scenario which repayment plan is being referred to, so I will provide information on two common repayment plans for federal student loans:
Standard Repayment Plan:
Advantages:
Fixed monthly payments that are predictable and easy to budget for
Generally the quickest repayment plan, allowing for the loan to be paid off in 10 years
Will generally result in paying the least amount of interest over the life of the loan
Disadvantages:
Monthly payments may be higher than other repayment plans, which can be challenging for some borrowers to afford
Income-Driven Repayment Plan:
Advantages:
Monthly payments are calculated based on the borrower's income and family size, which can be helpful for borrowers with lower income levels
If the borrower's income is low enough, monthly payments may be as low as $0
Any remaining balance at the end of the repayment term (usually 20-25 years) may be forgiven
Disadvantages:
The repayment term is generally longer than the Standard Repayment Plan, resulting in paying more interest over the life of the loan
Depending on the borrower's income, the monthly payments may not be enough to cover the interest that accrues on the loan, which can result in negative amortization (when the loan balance increases instead of decreases)
In general, the advantages and disadvantages of a repayment plan will depend on the borrower's individual financial situation and goals. For example, if Sarah has a stable job with a consistent income, the Standard Repayment Plan may be a good option for her as it will allow her to pay off the loan quickly and with the least amount of interest. However, if Sarah has a lower income or is facing financial hardship, an Income-Driven Repayment Plan may be a better fit for her as it will offer more flexible payment options.
Determine the amount to be paid in full settlement of each of two invoices, (a) and (b), assuming that credit for returns and allowances was received prior to payment and that all invoices were paid within the discount period. If required, round the answers to the nearest dollar. Merchandise (Invoice Amount) Freight Paid by Seller Freight Terms Returns and Allowances (Invoice Amount) a. $8,450 $200 FOB destination, 2/10, n/30 $1,200 b. 4,400 500 FOB shipping point, 1/10, n/30 700
The CEO wants the design team to present a comprehensive feasibility report of this product to the firm's investment committee chaired by you, an experienced product manager. After the committee's approval, the CEO will approve the product's full production. The feasibility report must include all the estimates of revenues, related costs, and acceptable documentation. You have started collecting the required information to prepare a comprehensive feasibility report.
Using the marketing department survey report, you prepared the following Table 1.
Table 1: Forecasted Unit Sales and expected Price of Smart Help
Year Forecasted Unit Sales Expected Unit Price ($)
1 32,000 1,050
2 33,000 950
3 30,500 950
4 28,500 800
5 25,000 750
6 22,500 650
Using the data supplied by the marketing department, you prepared Table 1, presenting the forecasted unit sales of the product over its expected economic life of six years. Table 1 also shows the expected unit's selling price. Due to expected competitive pressure, the marketing department had indicated that prices would drop in later years. It is also the market phenomenon that market players (competitors) start producing similar products after some time. The project followed five years of MACRS rates for depreciation, as shown in Table 2 given below. Note that the first year of depreciation using the MACRS rates would start from Year 0, not Year 1.
Table 2: MACRS Depreciation Rates
The cost of equipment required for production was estimated to be $20 million. The equipment was expected to be sold at a market price of $5.5 million after six years. It was indicated that the product's manufacturing would occur in an existing unoccupied company plant. The market survey revealed that monthly leases for similar plants averaged $7,000 in the market. The variable costs of production per unit were estimated to be $550. The expected fixed costs were $12,500,000 annually. To start the project, the company would need additional inventory of $350,000, increase account receivables and payables by $750,000 and $600,000, respectively. In the subsequent years, it is expected that the company's net working capital would make up to 6% of the sales. The average cost of capital, after tax of the company is 14 per cent. It was estimated that the corporate tax would remain constant at 35%. You found that the annual interest expenses on debt financing were worth $330,000.
1) Prepare the NPV profile graph, clearly showing the IRR point using relevant discount rates. Does there appear to be a problem of multiple IRRs? Show excel working (3 Marks)
2) Forecasting future cash flows involves a high degree of uncertainty. Financial analysts often resort to sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, simulation analysis and decision-tree analysis to obtain a better understanding of how errors in forecasting could affect the viability of a project. As such the investment committee could argue that the annual unit sold may go up or down by 25 per cent from its base forecast. How may these two scenarios affect the decision? (2 Marks)
1) To prepare the NPV profile graph, we need to first calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project for different discount rates.Year 0:
Initial Investment = $20,000,000 + $350,000 + $750,000 - $600,000 = $20,500,000
Annual Cash Flows = -$20,500,000
Year 1:
Annual Cash Flows = ($1,050 - $550) x 32,000 - $12,500,000 - $4,000,000 x 0.2 - $330,000 x 0.35 = $7,935,000
Year 2:
Annual Cash Flows = ($950 - $550) x 33,000 - $12,500,000 - $3,200,000 x 0.32 - $330,000 x 0.35 = $10,338,000
Year 3:
Annual Cash Flows = ($950 - $550) x 30,500 - $12,500,000 - $1,920,000 x 0.19 - $330,000 x 0.35 = $9,396,550
Year 4:
Annual Cash Flows = ($800 - $550) x 28,500 - $12,500,000 - $1,152,000 x 0.12 - $330,000 x 0.35 = $6,452,500
Year 5:
Annual Cash Flows = ($750 - $550) x 25,000 - $12,500,000 - $691,200 x 0.07 - $330,000 x 0.35 = $3,538,750
Year 6:
Terminal Value = $5,500,000
Annual Cash Flows = $5,500,000 - $691,200 x 0.07 - $330,000 x 0.35 = $4,227,500
2) If the investment committee argues that the annual unit sales may go up or down by 25% from its base forecast, Annual Cash Flows = ($1,050 x 1.25 - $550) x 32,000 x 1.25 - $12,500,000 - $4,000,000 x 0.2 - $330,000 x 0.
Using the data provided, we can calculate the annual cash flows for the six years of the project's life. These annual cash flows are then discounted to their present values using the company's cost of capital, which is given as 14%.
We can prepare two scenarios - one with the unit sales going up by 25%, and the other with the unit sales going down by 25%. For each scenario, we can recalculate the annual cash flows and NPV of the project, and determine whether the project remains viable under these scenarios.
Using Excel, we can calculate the NPV of the project for discount rates ranging from 5% to 25%. This data can then be plotted on a graph, with the NPV on the y-axis and the discount rate on the x-axis. The resulting graph will show the NPV profile of the project, and we can determine the internal rate of return (IRR) by finding the discount rate that intersects the x-axis at a value of zero.
It is important to note that there does not appear to be a problem of multiple IRRs, as the project has a consistent pattern of cash flows and a clear sign change in the NPV as the discount rate is varied.
If the project's NPV remains positive under both scenarios, then it can be considered robust to changes in unit sales. However, if the NPV becomes negative under one or both scenarios, then the investment committee may need to reconsider the project's viability and potential risk. Sensitivity analysis, simulation analysis, and decision-tree analysis could also be used to further analyze the project's risk and potential outcomes under different scenarios. Annual Cash Flows = ($1,050 x 1.25 - $550) x 32,000 x 1.25 - $12,500,000 - $4,000,000 x 0.2 - $330,000 x 0.
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Question #6
Multiple Choice
Based on the following passage, where would you be most likely to find Fourcault glass?
O multiplex cinema
O fast-food restaurant
O shopping mall
O historic bungalow
The place that one would most likely find Foucault glass is D. historic bungalow.
What is Foucault glass ?Fourcault glass, an enduring and tough type of float glass, was initially created by Émile Fourcault, a knowledgeable Belgian engineer at the beginning of the 1900s. Owing to its sturdy nature and longevity, this kind of material made it incredibly famous for various heritage structures such as bungalows.
These days due to modern float glass manufacturing processes and technology advancements, the use of Fourcault glass has dwindled considerably though you still can locate them in several historic establishments with their original windows that have managed to survive till now.
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Passage is:
Fourcault glass is made by floating a layer of molten glass on a bed of molten tin. The resulting glass is exceptionally flat and smooth, which makes it perfect for creating windows. Fourcault glass is also known for its ability to block out harmful UV rays, making it an ideal choice for buildings that require natural lighting while still protecting occupants from the sun's harmful effects.
Many historic bungalows that have retained their original windows can still be found today, often with Fourcault glass intact. These buildings serve as a testament to the durability and strength of Fourcault glass and its ability to withstand the test of time.
