Explanation:
A. Monosacharides
....... from Greek
monos = single
sacchar = sugar
Antibiotics can be used to kill the specific pathogenic bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that causes tuberculosis. The appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains has made it more difficult to cure M. tuberculosis infections. These antibiotic-resistant bacteria survive and pass on the genes to their offspring, making the resistant phenotype more common in the population. DNA analysis indicates that the genes for antibiotic resistance are not normally present in bacterial chromosomal DNA. Which of the following statements best explains how the genes for antibiotic resistance can be transmitted between bacteria without the exchange of bacterial chromosomal DNA?
a. The antibiotic-resistant bacteria release a hormone that signals neighboring bacteria to become resistant.
b. The genes for antibiotic resistance are located on a plasmid that can be passed to neighboring bacteria.
c. The antibiotic-resistant bacteria are the result of bacteria that specifically modify their own chromosomal DNA to neutralize the antibiotics
d. The antibiotic alters the bacterial genome of each bacterium, which results in an antibiotic-resistant population.
Answer:
b. The genes for antibiotic resistance are located on a plasmid that can be passed to neighboring bacteria.
Explanation:
Transformation is a genetic process by which bacteria take up foreign genetic material from the surrounding environment. In consequence, this process does not involve direct cell-to-cell interaction. Transformation allows the occurrence of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events among different bacteria capable of exchanging extrachromosomal DNA plasmids, thus increasing genetic diversity in bacteria. Many different types of bacteria can acquire foreign genes, including antibiotic resistance genes, by HGT events involving plasmids, transposable elements, bacteriophages, etc.
Genes for body color (B black dominant to b yellow) and wing shape (C straight dominant to c curved) are located on the same chromosome in flies. If single mutants for each of these traits are crossed (i.e. a yellow fly crossed to a curved-wing fly), and their progeny is testcrossed, the following phenotypic ratios are observed among their progeny.
Black, straight 17
yellow, curved 12
black, curved 337
yellow, straight 364
Required:
Calculate the map distance between B and C.
Answer:
Map distance = Genetic distance, GD = 3.9 MU ≅ 4 MU
Explanation:
The more separated two genes are, the more chances of recombination there will be. The closer they are, the fewer chances of recombination there will be. Two genes that are very close will have a few recombination events and are strongly bounded.
To analyze the recombination frequency, we have to know that:
1% of recombination = 1 map unit = 1centi Morgan = 1,000,000 base pairs. And that the maximum recombination frequency is always 50%.The map unit is the distance between the pair of genes for which every 100 meiotic products one of them results in a recombinant one.
Knowing that the genes are linked, we can calculate genetic distances between them. First, we need to identify the genotypes of the parental gametes with the ones of the recombinants. We can recognize the parental gametes in the descendants because their phenotypes are the most frequent, while the recombinants are the less frequent. So:
Parentals:
black, curved 337yellow, straight 364Recombinants:
Black, straight 17yellow, curved 12To calculate the recombination frequency we will make use of the next formula: P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals.
P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals.
P = 17 + 12 / 337 + 364 + 17 + 12
P = 29 / 730
P = 0.039
The genetic distance (GD) will result from multiplying that recombination frequency (P) by 100 and expressing it in map units (MU).
GD = P x 100
GD = 0.039 x 100
GD = 3.9 MU ≅ 4 MU
Use the cladogram to answer the question. Which trait(s) does the salamander have?
Lancelet
(outgroup) Lamprey Tuna Salamander Turtle
Leopard
Hair
Amniotic e99
Four walking legs
Jaws
Vertebral column
amniotic edd and hair
vertebral column, jaws, and four walking legs
four walking legs only
vertebral column and jaws only
Answer:
everything plesiomorphic (ie ancestral) so 4 walking legs, jaws and vertebral column
Explanation:
One of the following causes Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease?
Answer:
is caused by an abnormal infectious protein in the brain called a prion. Proteins are molecules made up of amino acids that help the cells in our body function.
Explanation:
Decrease in blood pressure in directly causes widespread VASCONSTRICTION Resulting in a rise in blood pressure is this a negative or positive feedback ?
When energy from the Sun reaches Earth, the energy is not absorbed at the same rate by the air,
the land or the surface. What does the uneven heating of the Earth cause?
Answer:uneven heating of Earth's surface produces wind because the air temperature and air pressure are different. The differences in the air causes the air to a lower pressure. ... Uneven heating of the Earth's surface produces air masses of different temperatures. Cold air sinks, forcing warm air to rise, hope this helps.
Explanation:
Why is fertile soil a valuable resource?
Humus is present in it
It takes a very long time to make it
It is quickly being renewed
There is a large amount of it
What is a limiting factor of a desert frog that requires rocks for shelter & insects for food?
a. drought
b. scarcity of rocks
c. abundance of insects
d. shelter
e. rain
Answer:
D and E
Explanation:
they both sound right
Which best describes a recessive allele?
A. Always inherited from a parent when a dominant allele is inherited from the other parent.
B. Never inherited from a parent when a dominant allele is inherited from the other parent.
C. Only determines phenotype when a dominant allele for the same trait is present.
D. Does not determine phenotype when a dominant allele for the same trait is present.
Answer:
B!
Explanation:
A recessive allele can't be shown in the child unless there is no dominant allele.
Hope this helps, please mark me brainliest if it does! :)
Answer:option d
Explanation:
because ressesive alleles is not exhibited when a dominant allele is present. it may help to find genotype but not phenotype.
Which mutation(s) cause the product to be a non-functional protein?
a.Nonsense and Missense c.ilent and Nonsense b. Frameshift and Missense
d. Nonsense and Frameshift
Answer:
The correct answer is - option D. nonsense and frameshift.
Explanation:
If there is a change in the sequence of DNA resulting in premature stop codon mRNA during transcription is known as a nonsense mutation and result in a non-functional protein.
a frame-shift mutation takes place when at least two nucleotides are altered and there are less chances to be changed by two others coding for the same nucleotide. It leads to a non-functional protein.
Adaptations that help
an
organism survive appear quickly.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Adaptions that help an organism survive appear slowly over time due to the fact that natural selection takes lifetimes to make a big effect.
Inversion of DNA sequences within chromosomes is a common process in evolution. The following gene arrangements in a particular chromosome are found in four different species: First sequence: STUVWX Second sequence: UVXTSW Third sequence: UVWSTX Fourth sequence: SWVUTX Assuming that the arrangement in the first sequence is the ancestor/reference arrangement, in what evolutionary order did the four species arise, such that the fewest number of inversions occur between each species (place the first sequence as the earliest species in your ordering)2341
Answer:
The correct answer is - 1, 4, 3, 2.
Explanation:
It is given that the first sequence represents the earliest or ancestor species therefore, the first sequence would be - STUVWX
After the inversion, the highlighted sequence of the first sequence STUVWX gives rise to the second sequence as:
STUVWX
SWVUTX
Thus the second sequence after Ist inversion would be SWVUTX
2nd inversion, Third sequence:
SWVUTX
UVWSTX
Thus the third sequence after 2nd inversion is UVWSTX
3rd inversion, fourth sequence:
UVWSTX
UVXTSW
Thus, the fourth sequence after 3rd inversion is UVXTSW
how are cnidarians different from sponges?
Answer:
★ Cnidarians have groups of similar cells that work together as tissues, while sponges have no tissues, only disconnected regions of specialized cells.
Explanation:
Hope you have a great day :)
here is the answer it is C
Representation of system or object such as charts or maps are
Answer:
graphical models
Explanation:
This type of energy splits nuclei or combines them
a. Chemical energy
b. Nuclear energy
c. Electrical energy
d. Mechanical energy
Answer:
B. Nuclear energy
this type of energy splits nuclei or combines them.
What are CD4 cells?
a. T-cells that have a CD4 receptor
b. B-cells that have a glycoprotein receptor
c. HIV antigens
d. red blood cells
Answer:
I'm pretty sure it is b because CD4 cells are the cells that are a glycoprotein
Explanation:
Which wave has a wavelength that is most likely seen as red light? 690 nm O A 580 nm n O B. 490 nm O C. M M m 440 nm m O D. M
Answer:
690?
Explanation: Hopes this helps!
Answer:
690
Explanation:
ape x
what is a reactant of photosynthesis
Answer:
water carbon dioxide and energy
the products are glucose and oxygen
Explanation:
A cell has two pairs of submetacentric chromosomes, which we will call chromosomes Ia, Ib, IIa, and IIb (chromosomes Ia and Ib are homologs, and chromosomes IIa and IIb are homologs). Allele M is located on the long arm of chromosome Ia, and allele m is located at the same position on chromosome Ib. Allele P is located on the short arm of chromosome Ia, and allele p is located at the same position on chromosome Ib. Allele R is located on chromosome IIa and allele r is located at the same position on chromosome Ib. Allele G is located on the long arm (q arm) of chromosome Ia, and allele g is located at the same position on chromosome Ib. Allele N is located on the q arm of chromosome IIa and allele n is located at the same position of chromosome IIb.
Required:
a. Draw these chromosomes, identifying genes R, r, G, g, N, and n as they might appear in metaphase I of meiosis. Assume there is no crossing over.
b. Taking independent assortment and the subsequent random separation of chromosomes in anaphase I, draw the chromosomes, with genes identified, present in all possible gametes that could result once this cell completes meiosis. As above, assume there is no crossing over. Explain in your own words what is meant by independent assortment.
Answer:
Note: You will find the chromosomes and the gametes in the attached files
Chromosomes:
IA ----------G-----о---------IB -----------g-----о----------IIA --------N--------------о------R----IIB ---------n--------------о-------r----Gametes:
Gamete 1: GNR Gamete 2: Gnr Gamete 3: gNRGamete 4: gnrIndependent assortment occurs when the alleles of two or more different genes distribute in the gametes independently from each other.
Explanation:
Available data:
two pairs of submetacentric chromosomes
IA -------------------о-----------
IB -------------------о-----------
IIA ----------- ------------о------------
IIB ------------------------о------------
chromosomes Ia and Ib are homologs
IA -------------------о-----------
IB -------------------о-----------
chromosomes IIa and IIb are homologs
IIA -----------------------о------------
IIB ------------------------о------------
Allele M is located on the long arm of chromosome Ia, and allele m is located at the same position on chromosome Ib
IA -------M----------о-----------
IB -------m----------о-----------
Allele P is located on the short arm of chromosome Ia, and allele p is located at the same position on chromosome Ib.
IA -------M----------о------P---
IB -------m----------о------p----
Allele R is located on chromosome IIa and allele r is located at the same position on chromosome IIb.
IIA ------------------------о------R----
IIB ------------------------о-------r----
Allele G is located on the long arm (q arm) of chromosome Ia, and allele g is located at the same position on chromosome Ib.
IA -------M---G-----о------P---
IB -------m----g-----о------p----
Allele N is located on the q arm of chromosome IIa and allele n is located at the same position of chromosome IIb.
IIA --------N--------------о------R----
IIB ---------n--------------о-------r----
A). Draw these chromosomes, identifying genes R, r, G, g, N, and n as they might appear in metaphase I of meiosis. Assume there is no crossing over.
IA ----------G-----о---------
IB -----------g-----о----------
IIA --------N--------------о------R----
IIB ---------n--------------о-------r----
During metaphase I, homologous pairs together migrate to the equatorial plane, where they randomly aline with their kinetochores facing opposite poles. The random arrangement of tetrads is different in every cell going through the meiosis process. There is no equal alinement between two cells. When tetrads aline in the equatorial plane, there is no predetermined order for each of the homologous chromosomes of each tetrad to face one of the poles and then migrate to it while separating. Any chromosome of the homologous pair might face any of the poles and then migrate to it. Each of the chromosomes has two possibilities for orientation at the plane. When the new haploid cells are formed, the number of variations in each cell is also different and depends on the chromosomes that form that cell. This random order in the equatorial plane is what introduces variation into the gametes. It is almost impossible that two gametes resulting from meiosis will get the same genetic charge.
B). Taking independent assortment and the subsequent random separation of chromosomes in anaphase I, draw the chromosomes, with genes identified, present in all possible gametes that could result once this cell completes meiosis. As above, assume there is no crossing over. Explain in your own words what is meant by independent assortment.
Independent assortment occurs when the alleles of two or more different genes distribute in the gametes independently from each other. In other words, a gamete receives an allele from a gene that does not depend on nor influence the allele of another gene in the same gamete. This can only be applied to independent genes. An organism gets only one of the members of the chromatids pair of each parent.
During gamete formation in meiosis, the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate after crossing over, and then chromatids sisters also separate, resulting in the formation of four gametes. Each gamete has different information from the combination of homologous chromosomes belonging to the father and to the mother.
There are four possible combinations, considering that there is no crossing over.
Gamete 1: GNRGamete 2: GnrGamete 3: gNRGamete 4: gnr
describe the function of the following features in bringing about Movement in a snail muscles
Ce clasă ești sa văd daca te pot ajuta
Answer:
A snail moves using muscles that are generally referred to as ''false feet'. Moreover, it leaves a trail of a slime like substance that is secreted by the feet which reduces the friction between the false feet and the Earth. it contains mucus.
why is vachellia nilotica classified as family level
Answer:
Vachellia nilotica is a flowering plant tree in the family Fabaceae.
Explanation:
Compare the effect of acetylcholine on cardiac muscle with its effect on skeletal muscle. Can you explain the mechanistic basis for the difference
Answer:
The action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, released by the vagus nerve in the heart, slows the heart rate and weakens the force of contraction. The skeletal muscle has the ability to perceive a stimulus and respond to it. As regards skeletal muscles, the stimulus is chemical in nature: acetylcholine released by the motor nerve ending. The response of the muscle fiber is the production and propagation along its membrane of an electrical current (action potential) that causes muscle contraction.
Explanation:
Acetylcholine is one of the most abundant neurotransmitters in the central and peripheral nervous system. Acetylcholine receptors are nicotinic (ionotropic) and muscarinic (metabotropic GPCR). In skeletal muscle of adults, acetylcholine binds to the alpha subunit of the nicotinic channel, which are two of the five subunits that make up the pore of this channel. Acetylcholine released by the nerve ending binds to the receptor in the sarcolemma and triggers an electrical current - the action potential. This spreads along the sarcolemma and causes a signal to pass from the T tubule to the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the triad, which then releases calcium ions (Ca ++). Once the calcium ions are released, by diffusing between the actin and myosin protein filaments, they cause the myofibrils to contract. On the other hand, in cardiac and smooth muscle cells, acetylcholine binds to 7M proteins, which do not function as channels, but are typical members of the GPCR class A superfamily. One of the physiological mechanisms of acetylcholine is the regulation of the heart rate, through the mobilization limited to the inner face of the plasma membrane of the dimer bg of protein G. This dimer transduces the specific binding of the ligand with its receptor in the plane of the membrane, thanks to its proximity with the ion channel or with enzymes bound to the plasma membrane. This can be done because its g subunit remains attached to the inner face of the membrane.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a eukaryotic cell
Answer:
following means where man I can't understand sry for that
I didn’t mean to put D but what is the answer?!
Answer:
Actually, D is the correct answer
What hypothesis explains why all birds share similar characteristics?
Answer:
this is a common ... saw incredible similarities between birds and the theropod dinosaurs (especially ... Like all other reptiles, birds have scales (feathers are produced by tissues similar to ... for theropods are often more serious for the "thecodont" pseudo-hypothesis.
Explanation:
Answer:
The modern version of the "from the ground up" hypothesis argues that birds' ancestors were small, feathered, ground-running predatory dinosaurs that used their forelimbs for balance while pursuing prey
Explanation:
Add.
+ 5
Enter the sum in the box as a mixed number in simplest form.
Bank and
Answer:
5 hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi
Will give brainliest
Which best describes how limiting factors affect all the species in this ecosystem?
Answer:
Its a COYOTE
Explanation:
One of the first astronomers to use a telescope was Galileo. Using his telescope he discovered that Jupiter had four moons and each night, the four moons, seen as points of light, appeared to change positions slightly. This observation gave further evidence for what? All BUT ONE could apply.
Answer:
B. The planets vary in size and composition.
Explanation:
Galileo was an Italian scientist and he was the first person to use a telescope in the field of astronomy. Although, the first telescope was invented by Sir Isaac Newton.
A telescope can be defined as an optical instrument or device which comprises of a curved mirror and lenses used for viewing distant objects i.e objects that are very far away such as stars and other planetary bodies.
One of the first astronomers to use a telescope was Galileo. Using his telescope he discovered that Jupiter had four moons and each night, the four moons, seen as points of light, appeared to change positions slightly. Therefore, this observation gave further evidence that the planets vary in size and composition. The slight change in the position of the moon indicate that planetary bodies have a variation in size and matter (constituent elements) that make them up.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
The possibility of a baby having a certain genetic trait is in the ratio of 3.1. Give the probability of this occurring as a fraction and as a
percentage. Explain.
Tyn your answer below
help me woth these two ill give free BRAINLESS
Answer:
for 16 it is heart.
Explanation:
for 17 it is kidney to bladder
Answer:
16. skin & heart
17. kidney to the bladder
if 16 isn't multiple choice I'd say skin
tell me if it's right
