Two charged particles are close to one another in a vacuum. How will the particles react to one another if both are negative? Pick the best explanation.

According to the question The two bodies will meet each other after 3 seconds.

Seconds is a unit of time that is equal to one sixtieth of a minute, or 60 seconds. It is used in measuring time intervals and understanding the duration of events. Seconds are also used in setting the time on clocks and other time-keeping devices. Seconds are sometimes abbreviated as "sec."

The first body will be 58.8 m. below the ground at the start of the 3 seconds, and will have fallen a total of 88.8 m. (58.8 m. + 19.6 m./sec. x 3 sec.). The second body will have risen a total of 59.6 m. (19.6 m./sec. x 3 sec.). Since they have both moved the same distance in opposite directions, they will have met each other at the same height after 3 seconds.

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To solve this problem, we need to use the concept of rotational motion and the relationship between linear speed and angular speed.

First, we need to find the linear speed of any point on the tire. We know that the angular speed of the tire is 8.0 rad/s, and the radius of the tire is 0.55 m. Therefore, the linear speed of any point on the tire can be found using the formula:
v = r * ω

where v is the linear speed, r is the radius of the tire, and ω is the angular speed.

Plugging in the values, we get:
v = 0.55 m * 8.0 rad/s
v = 4.4 m/s

This means that any point on the tire is moving with a linear speed of 4.4 m/s.

Now, we need to find the speed of the pebble relative to the road when it is at the top of the tire. Since the pebble is stuck in the treads of the tire, it is also moving with the same linear speed as the tire, which is 4.4 m/s.

However, we also need to consider the fact that the pebble is moving in a circular path around the center of the tire, which means that it has a certain velocity vector that is tangent to the circle at any given point. At the top of the tire, the pebble's velocity vector is pointing horizontally, perpendicular to the direction of motion of the tire.

Therefore, the speed of the pebble relative to the road at the top of the tire is simply the horizontal component of its velocity vector, which is equal to the linear speed of the tire, or 4.4 m/s.

In summary, the speed of the pebble relative to the road when it is at the top of the tire is 4.4 m/s.

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Kinetic energy, same speed, mass.

Answer:

We know that the kinetic energy of the rabbit and the Irish setter is the same. The formula for kinetic energy is:

Kinetic energy = (1/2) * mass * speed^2

Let's set the kinetic energy equal for both:

(1/2) * 5.0 kg * rabbit speed^2 = (1/2) * 12 kg * (2.8 m/s)^2

Simplifying:

2.5 * rabbit speed^2 = 47.04

Dividing both sides by 2.5:

rabbit speed^2 = 18.816

Taking the square root of both sides:

rabbit speed = 4.34 m/s

Therefore, the rabbit is running at a speed of 4.34 m/s.

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The rabbit is running at a speed of 3.21 m/s.

The kinetic energy of an object is given by the formula: KE = [tex]1/2 mv^2,[/tex]where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity. Since the mass of the rabbit and the setter are the same, we can use the formula above to find the velocity of the rabbit.

To find the velocity of the rabbit, we can use the following equation:

KE rabbit = KE setter

1/2[tex]mrabbit^2[/tex] = 1/2 [tex]mvsetter^2[/tex]

where mrabbit is the mass of the rabbit and msetter is the mass of the setter.

Rearranging the equation, we get:

[tex]mrabbit^2[/tex] = [tex]mvsetter^2[/tex] + 2KERabbit

Substituting the values given in the problem, we get:

[tex]mrabbit^2[/tex] = (12 kg)[tex](3.6 m/s)^2[/tex] + 2*1/2 * (1/2)(1/2)(5 kg)[tex](3.6 m/s)^2[/tex]

[tex]mrabbit^2[/tex] = 153.6 [tex]kg m^2[/tex] + 3.36 m^2

[tex]mrabbit^2[/tex] = 157 [tex]m^2[/tex]

mrabbit = [tex](157 m^2)[/tex]/(5 kg)

mrabbit = 31.4 kg

The velocity of the rabbit can be found by dividing its mass by its acceleration due to gravity:

v = m/a

v =[tex]31.4 kg/9.8 m/s^2[/tex]

v = 3.21 m/s

Therefore, the rabbit is running at a speed of 3.21 m/s.

It's important to note that the units of velocity are m/s (meters per second), which is the same as the units used in the question.  

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The magnitude of the average braking force is 6.0x10^3 N.

To find the magnitude of the average braking force for an automobile with a linear momentum of 3.0x10^4 kg m/s that is brought to a stop in 5.0 s, you can use the formula:

Force = Change in momentum / Time

Since the final momentum is 0 (as the automobile comes to a stop), the change in momentum is equal to the initial momentum. So,

Force = (3.0x10^4 kg m/s) / 5.0 s

Force = 6.0x10^3 N

The magnitude of the average braking force is 6.0x10^3 N.

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You can hear sound through an open window from sources that are not in your line of sight because of a physical phenomenon called diffraction.

Diffraction occurs when sound waves encounter an obstacle, such as a wall or a window, and bend around it, allowing the sound to reach the other side. This means that even if you cannot see the source of the sound, you can still hear it because the sound waves are able to bend and travel around the obstacle.

In the case of an open window, sound waves from outside can easily travel through the window and into the room. These sound waves can then diffract around objects in the room, such as furniture or walls, and reach your ears. This is why even if the source of the sound is not directly in your line of sight, you can still hear it through the open window.

It is important to note that the extent of diffraction depends on factors such as the size of the obstacle and the frequency of the sound waves. Higher frequency sounds have shorter wavelengths and are more easily diffracted, while lower frequency sounds have longer wavelengths and are less likely to diffract.

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Big Bang theory explains how the universe came into existence. It assume to contain all the matter of universe. The one of the hypothesis that scientist assume is the cosmos.

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If the plates of a charged parallel plate capacitor are moved further apart, while the charge on the plates is kept constant, the potential energy of each of the charges on the capacitor would increase. This is because potential energy is directly proportional to the distance between the charges and the electric field.

The electric field between the plates of the capacitor is inversely proportional to the distance between them. When the distance between the plates is increased, the electric field decreases.

This reduction in the electric field causes the charges to have more potential energy as they are farther away from each other. The increase in potential energy would also result in a decrease in capacitance, as capacitance is inversely proportional to the distance between the plates.

Therefore, moving the plates further apart while keeping the charge constant would result in an increase in the potential energy of each of the charges on the capacitor.

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The direction of the magnetic field at point P due to the two equal currents in the wires directed into the page is closest to the direction of lettered direction (b), which is clockwise. Option 2 is correct.

When two wires carry equal currents in opposite directions, a magnetic field is created in the surrounding space. The magnetic field lines around the wires form concentric circles that are perpendicular to the wires. The direction of the magnetic field at any point can be determined using the right-hand rule.

If you point your thumb in the direction of the current and your fingers in the direction of the magnetic field, then the direction in which your fingers curl is the direction of the magnetic field. At point P, the magnetic fields from the two wires add up, and the resulting magnetic field is in the direction of lettered direction (b), which is clockwise. Hence Option 2 is correct.

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The complete question is:

The point P lies along the perpendicular bisector of the line connecting two long straight wires S and T that are perpendicular to the page. A set of directions A through H is shown next to the diagram. When the two equal currents in the wires are directed up out of the page, the direction of the magnetic field at P is closest to the direction of

The type of response seen in the rat is an example of classical conditioning.

Classical conditioning is a method of learning in which a neutral stimulus is repeatedly matched with an unconditioned stimulus, causing the neutral stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. The flash of light in this scenario was initially a neutral stimulus with no intrinsic significance or attachment for the rat.

When the light was consistently paired with the shock, an unconditioned stimulus that elicits an innate response (such as fear or pain), the rat began to associate the light with the shock and eventually came to respond to the light alone with the same fear response, which is the conditioned response.

The rat learnt to anticipate the shock when it saw the light by repeatedly matching it with the shock, and it responded by moving away to escape the shock. This is an example of adaptive behaviour in which the rat avoids potential risk or injury. The classical conditioning learning process is regarded to be a fundamental mechanism underpinning many types of behaviour, including emotional reactions and physiological reflexes.

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For materials A and B, the total hemispherical emissivity varies with temperature due to their spectral hemispherical emissivities' dependence on wavelength.

As temperature increases, the peak wavelength of emitted radiation shifts to shorter wavelengths, according to Wien's displacement law. Material A and B may have different responses to this shift, leading to variations in their total hemispherical emissivities. In summary, the temperature affects the total hemispherical emissivity of both materials because it influences the distribution of emitted radiation across different wavelengths.

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An electric motor is not similar to a radio receiver or an automobile battery, but it is similar to an electric generator.

Both electric motors and generators use the principles of electromagnetism to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy or vice versa.

However, while electric generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Therefore, an electric motor is analogous to an electric generator rather than a radio receiver or car battery.

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D. T2 = 8T1. Two stars orbit one another, but a planet normally travels farther from the system's center than either of the two stars.

The cube of a planet's semi-major axis is directly proportional to the square of its time period of revolution around the sun, according to Kepler's law of periods.

We can use Kepler's Third Law,

[tex]T^{2} = (4\Pi^{2}/GM) * a^{3}[/tex]

G = gravitational constant

M = mass of the star

a = semi-major axis of the planet's orbit

While a is the distance from the planet to the focus of its elliptical orbit):

[tex]a1 = (2/3) * r1[/tex]

We can find the semi-major axis of planet 2:

[tex]r2 = 4r1\\a2 = (2/3) * r2 = (2/3) * 4r1 = (8/3) * r1\\T1^{2} = (4\Pi^2/GM) * a1^{3}\\T2^{2} = (4\Pi^{2}/GM) * a2^{3}[/tex]

We can solve for GM:

[tex]GM = (4\Pi^{2}/T1^{2}) * a1^{3}\\T2^{2} = (4\Pi^{2}/T1^{2}) * a2^{3} * (a1/a2)^{3}[/tex]

Simplifying the second equation using the known ratios of r2 to r1 and a2 to a1:

[tex]T2^{2} = (4\Pi^{2}/T1^{2}) * (8/3)^{3} * r1^{3} * (3/8)^{3}\\T2^{2} = (4\Pi^{2}/T1^{2}) * (27/64) * r1^{3}[/tex]

Solving for T2 in terms of T1:

[tex]T2 = (3/4) * T1[/tex]

Using the other given ratios, we can also find the remaining periods:

[tex]t2 = (1/2) * T1\\t1 = 2 * t2 = T1\\T2 = 8 * t1[/tex]

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For a multi-body system, the location of the center of mass (COOM) is not fixed and can change depending on the positions and masses of the individual bodies.

This is because the position of the COM depends on the distribution of mass within the system and the relative positions of the bodies in the system. As the bodies move or interact with each other, the distribution of mass and their relative positions can change, causing the COM to shift accordingly.

The center of mass is the average location of the mass in the system, and it can be calculated using the formula:

COOM = (m1r1 + m2r2 + ... + mn rn) / (m1 + m2 + ... + mn)

where m1, m2, ..., mn are the masses of the bodies and r1, r2, ..., rn are the positions of their centers of mass relative to some reference point. The center of mass is an important concept in physics, as it can help us understand how a system will move and behave under different conditions.

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The latent heat of vaporization refers to the energy required to vaporize one kilogram of liquid at its boiling point.

The heat energy transfer required to melt one kilogram of ice when its temperature is already at its melting point is called the latent heat of fusion. This is because during the phase change from solid to liquid, the temperature of the substance does not change, but energy is still required to overcome the intermolecular forces holding the solid together and allow the molecules to move freely in the liquid phase. The amount of energy required to melt one kilogram of ice at its melting point is 334 kJ/kg. Similarly, the latent heat of vaporization refers to the energy required to vaporize one kilogram of liquid at its boiling point.

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In July, the Earth's rotation axis points in the direction of a star that is 23.5 degrees away from Polaris.

In January, Earth's rotation axis points in the direction of the star Polaris, also known as the North Star. However, in July, the rotation axis of the Earth points in a different direction. This is because the Earth's rotation axis is tilted at an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees relative to its orbital plane. As the Earth orbits around the Sun, this tilt causes the direction of the rotation axis to change relative to the stars in the sky.

In July, the Earth's rotation axis points in the direction of a star that is 23.5 degrees away from Polaris. This star is known as Vega and is located in the constellation Lyra. While Vega is not as famous as Polaris, it is still a bright star that can be easily seen in the summer sky in the northern hemisphere.

It is important to note that the direction of the Earth's rotation axis is constantly changing due to the Earth's orbit around the Sun. This means that over time, the direction of the rotation axis will point towards different stars at different times of the year. The changing direction of the rotation axis is what causes the seasons and is an important factor in the Earth's climate and weather patterns.

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Cockroaches are able to reach such fast speeds of 1.5 m/s because of their adaptation of using jet propulsion. Jet propulsion is when they eject air out of their abdomen to generate a force that propels them forward. This adaptation allows them to move quickly and efficiently without the need for wings or galloping like a horse.

Their body size also plays a role in their ability to move quickly. Cockroaches are small and streamlined, which reduces air resistance and allows them to move more easily. In comparison, larger animals may have a harder time reaching high speeds due to their size and the drag they create.

Cockroaches can run so fast because of their adaptation of using jet propulsion and their small body size, which reduces air resistance and allows for more efficient movement.

Cockroaches are able to reach speeds of 1.5 m/s, which is equivalent to 320 km/h when scaled to body size, due to the following adaptation: they gallop like a horse, alternating front and rear limbs striking the surface.

This galloping method allows them to effectively use their body size and limb coordination to achieve impressive speeds. Unlike the other options mentioned, cockroaches do not rely on wing flapping for lift, nor do they run on their hind limbs only or use jet propulsion by ejecting air out of their abdomen. Instead, their adaptation of galloping enables them to move rapidly and efficiently.

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C. you are cooler than your surroundings. So if you are cooler than your surroundings, wearing lighter-colored clothes will help to keep you warmer.

This is because lighter-colored clothes reflect more sunlight and therefore retain more of the heat from your body. Darker-colored clothes absorb more sunlight and therefore lose more of the heat from your body, which can make you feel colder. So if you are cooler than your surroundings, wearing lighter-colored clothes will help to keep you warmer. The other options are not necessarily true as they do not take into account the relationship between body temperature and the surrounding environment. However, in winter, you want to retain as much heat as possible, and darker colors are better at absorbing and retaining heat. So if you are cooler than your surroundings, wearing dark-colored clothes will keep you warmer than light-colored clothes.

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The string produces a sound with a frequency of 168.1 Hz in its fundamental mode of vibration.

The frequency of the fundamental mode of vibration of a string is given by:

f = (1/2L) * sqrt(T/μ)

where:

L = length of the string

T = tension in the string

μ = mass per unit length of the string

We can first calculate the mass per unit length of the string using its mass and length:

μ = m/L

where:

m = mass of the string = 8.75 grams = 0.00875 kg

L = length of the string = 75.0 cm = 0.75 m

μ = 0.00875 kg / 0.75 m = 0.0117 kg/m

Substituting the values into the frequency equation, we get:

f = (1/2L) * sqrt(T/μ)

f = (1/2 * 0.75 m) * sqrt(590 N / 0.0117 kg/m)

f = 168.1 Hz

Therefore, the string produces a sound with a frequency of approximately 168.1 Hz in its fundamental mode of vibration.

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To answer this question, we need to use the equation for entropy change:

ΔS = Q/T

Where ΔS is the change in entropy, Q is the energy transferred, and T is the temperature.

In this case, we know that ΔS = 7 J/K and Q = 5400 J. We can rearrange the equation to solve for T:

T = Q/ΔS

Plugging in the values, we get:

T = 5400 J / 7 J/K
T ≈ 771.4 K

Therefore, the approximate temperature of the system is 771.4 K.

How warm or chilly a body is has to do with temperature. In other words, when we think of the word temperature, we think of how hot or cold a body is.

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The tiny spring displacement with a spring constant of 1.20N/m after strecting is C) 4.2 mm.Option C

To find the displacement of the spring when it is stretched by a 0.0050-N force, we can use Hooke's Law. Hooke's Law states that the force exerted on a spring (F) is equal to the spring constant (k) multiplied by the displacement (x):
F = k * x
We are given the spring constant (k) as 1.20 N/m and the force (F) as 0.0050 N. We need to solve for the displacement (x). Rearrange the equation to isolate x:
x = F / k
Now, plug in the given values:
x = (0.0050 N) / (1.20 N/m)
x = 0.00416667 m
To convert the displacement from meters to millimeters, multiply by 1,000:
x = 0.00416667 m * 1,000 mm/m
x = 4.16667 mm
Since the answer should be in two decimal places, we can round it to 4.17 mm. None of the given options match this value, but the closest option is C) 4.2 mm. Therefore, the answer is:C) 4.2 mm

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The campers in Dr. Hewitt's story heard the sound of the campers across the lake more clearly at night than during the day due to the phenomenon known as sound refraction.

Refraction is the bending of sound waves as they pass through different mediums, such as air of different densities.

During the day, the air near the surface of the lake is warmer than the air at higher altitudes, creating a boundary between two layers of air with different densities.

This boundary acts as a barrier to sound waves, causing them to bend upward and away from the listener on the opposite shore.

However, at night, the air near the surface of the lake cools more quickly than the air at higher altitudes, creating a more uniform density throughout the air column.

This allows sound waves to travel straight across the lake without bending upward, making them easier to hear on the opposite shore.

Therefore, the campers in Dr. Hewitt's story were able to hear the sound of the campers across the lake more clearly at night due to the absence of the boundary layer that typically refracts sound waves during the day.

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If the electron charge distribution or probability density of a particle is spherically symmetric, it means that the likelihood of finding the electron at given distance from the nucleus is same in all directions.

This type of distribution is often observed in atoms with only one electron, such as hydrogen, and is described by the wave function. The wave function represents the probability density of finding an electron in a particular location in space, and a spherically symmetric distribution means that the probability density is the same at all points on a spherical surface around the nucleus.
A situation where the electron charge distribution or probability density is spherically symmetric.
In this context, the electron charge distribution refers to how the negative charge of electrons is spread out in space. Probability density describes the likelihood of finding an electron in a particular region of space. When these two properties are spherically symmetric, it means that they are evenly distributed in all directions around a central point, forming a sphere.

For example, the hydrogen atom's ground state (1s orbital) has a spherically symmetric electron charge distribution and probability density. The electron is equally likely to be found in any direction around the nucleus, and the charge distribution is uniform in all directions. This symmetry results from the wavefunction for the electron in this orbital being dependent only on the distance from the nucleus, not on the angles in spherical coordinates.

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The moment of inertia of the 2.90 kg, 30.0-cm-diameter disk for rotation about an axis through the center is 0.1969 kg [tex]m^2[/tex].

The moment of inertia of a disk rotating about an axis through its center can be calculated using the formula:

I = (1/2) * M * [tex]R^2[/tex]

where I is the moment of inertia, M is the mass of the disk, and R is the radius of the disk.

In this case, the mass of the disk is M = 2.90 kg, and the radius of the disk is half of its diameter, R = 0.30 m / 2 = 0.15 m. Substituting these values into the formula, we get:

I = (1/2) * 2.90 kg * (0.15 [tex]m)^2[/tex]

I = 0.1969 kg [tex]m^2[/tex]

Therefore, the moment of inertia of the 2.90 kg, 30.0-cm-diameter disk for rotation about an axis through the center is 0.1969 kg [tex]m^2.[/tex]

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The maximum power output of the turbine is 4.95 MW.

To calculate the maximum power output of the turbine, we first need to determine the mass flow rate of the water through the turbine.

Assuming steady-state conditions, the mass flow rate can be calculated using the following equation:

m_dot = rho * A * V

where:
m_dot = mass flow rate (kg/s)
rho = density of water (assumed to be 1000 kg/m^3)
A = area of turbine outlet (pi*(d/2)^2, where d is the diameter of the outlet)
V = velocity of water leaving the turbine (6 m/s)

Substituting the given values, we get:

m_dot = 1000 * pi * (1/2)^2 * 6
m_dot = 5654 kg/s

Next, we can calculate the power output of the turbine using the following equation:

P = m_dot * g * H * eta

where:
P = power output (W)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s^2)
H = height of the turbine above the water surface (100 m)
eta = efficiency of the turbine (assumed to be 0.9)

Substituting the given values, we get:

P = 5654 * 9.81 * 100 * 0.9
P = 4,945,563 W
P = 4.95 MW

Therefore, the maximum power output of the turbine is 4.95 MW.

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The window loses approximately 38,080 W, or 38.08 kW, of heat each hour.

The rate of heat loss through a window can be calculated using the formula:

Q/t = kA(∆T/d)

where Q/t is the rate of heat transfer, k is the thermal conductivity of glass, A is the area of the window, ∆T is the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the glass, and d is the thickness of the glass.

Given that the glass is 9.0 mm thick, or 0.009 m, the area of the window is 2.7 m x 2.4 m =[tex]6.48 m^2[/tex], the temperature difference is 4°C, and the thermal conductivity of glass is approximately 1.05 W/mK, we can solve for Q/t:

Q/t = [tex](1.05 W/mK)(6.48 m^2)(4°C)/(0.009 m)[/tex]

Q/t = 38,080 W

Therefore, the window loses approximately 38,080 W, or 38.08 kW, of heat each hour.

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True

when a soccer player kicks a ball into the air, the velocity in the x-direction is constant. This is because the horizontal velocity remains unaffected by gravity, which only acts in the vertical direction. So, while the ball is in the air, its x-direction velocity stays constant and does not change.

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The ball's velocity just after the force is applied is 19.0 m/s in the positive direction.

We can use the impulse-momentum theorem to solve this problem. The impulse on the ball is given as 45.9 N s, and the mass of the ball is 0.61 kg. The initial velocity of the ball is 27 m/s in the positive direction, and the force is applied in the negative direction of the x-axis.

The impulse-momentum theorem states that the change in momentum of an object is equal to the impulse applied to it. We can use this theorem to find the final velocity of the ball:

Solving for vf, we get:

Therefore, the ball's velocity just after the force is applied is 19.0 m/s in the positive direction.

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The speed of the electron is approximately -3.67 x 10^6 m/s

The force on a charged particle moving through both electric and magnetic fields is given by the Lorentz force equation: F = q(E + v x B), where F is the force, q is the charge of the particle, E is the electric field, v is the velocity of the particle, and B is the magnetic field.

In this case, we are told that the electron experiences no net force, which means that the Lorentz force equation simplifies to q(E + v x B) = 0. Since the charge of the electron is negative, we can write this as q(-E - v x B) = 0.

This tells us that the electric field and the magnetic field must be balanced by the velocity of the electron. Specifically, the velocity must be perpendicular to both the electric and magnetic fields, and its magnitude must be such that v x B = -E.

We can solve for the velocity by taking the cross product of both sides of the equation with B: v = -E/B. Plugging in the given values, we get:

v = -(1.41 kV/m)/(0.384 T) = -3.67 x 10^6 m/s

Note that the negative sign indicates that the electron is moving in the opposite direction to the magnetic field. The magnitude of the velocity is about 3.67 million meters per second, which is a significant fraction of the speed of light.

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The maximum static friction force on the sled is 46.15 N for a 53.0 kg sled on snow with us = 0.0888.

The maximum static friction force (f_s) on the sled can be calculated using the following formula:

f_s = μ_s × N

where μ_s is the coefficient of static friction and N is the normal force acting on the sled.

First, we need to calculate the normal force N acting on the sled. The normal force is equal to the weight of the sled, which can be calculated using the formula:

W = m × g

where m is the mass of the sled and g is the acceleration due to gravity, which is approximately 9.81 m/s².

Substituting the values, we get:

W = 53.0 kg × 9.81 m/s² = 519.93 N

Therefore, the normal force acting on the sled is 519.93 N.

Now, we can calculate the maximum static friction force using the formula:

f_s = μ_s × N

Substituting the given coefficient of static friction (μ_s = 0.0888) and the calculated value of N, we get:

f_s = 0.0888 × 519.93 N

Simplifying, we get:

f_s = 46.15 N

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The strain energy held in the rubber arms is the energy retained in the catapult immediately before release. Hooke's law can be used to determine the area under the stress-strain curve, which corresponds to the strain energy.

Calculations are mathematical problems or computations that rely on numerical data to get a result. They can be used to answer problems in a variety of disciplines, including engineering, economics, science, and finance. They can range from basic arithmetic to complicated calculus. Both manually performing calculations and using computers are options.

The following equation can be used to determine the strain energy in the catapult's arms:

Strain Energy = (Area of Cross Section) x (Modulus of Elasticity) x (Strain)

Where:

Cross Sectional Area = 4 mm x 300 mm = 1200 mm2

Modulus of Elasticity = 103 GPa

Strain = 3

As a result, the catapult's just-before-released strain energy is:

Strain Energy = 1200 mm2 x 103 GPa x 3 = 3,600,000 J

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