The watch and ward required all men in a given town to serve on the night watch. in fact, the statute of winchester made it a crime not to assist the watch. how has this changed in modern times

Watson and Rayner's study of Little Albert demonstrated how specific fears can be produced through classical conditioning.

The correct option is A.

In this experiment, Little Albert was exposed to a white rat and given a loud noise each time he reached out for the rat. As a result, Little Albert developed a fear of the rat, as well as other white, furry objects. This demonstrated how the process of classical conditioning can produce fears, which can interfere with the process of learning.

Classical conditioning involves the pairing of an unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus, resulting in a conditioned response. In this case, the unconditioned stimulus was the loud noise, and the conditioned stimulus was the white rat.

The resulting conditioned response was fear. This experiment demonstrated how classical conditioning can be used as a negative reinforcer to produce fear and interfere with the process of learning.

The correct option is A.

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I feel confident defining constructive and destructive forces because I understand the fundamental differences between them.

Constructive forces build and shape the Earth's surface, while destructive forces break down and erode it. This knowledge is important in understanding natural processes, such as weathering and erosion, and how they impact our environment.

Understanding the difference between constructive and destructive forces is critical in comprehending geological processes. Constructive forces like volcanic eruptions, plate tectonics, and erosion from water and wind create mountains, canyons, and other landforms.

Destructive forces like earthquakes, landslides, and erosion from human activity break down and wear away these same landforms. Being able to distinguish between the two helps us to recognize the natural processes at work and the human impact on them. In this way, we can make informed decisions to preserve and protect our environment.

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Ordinal scale of measurement is being used if assigning numbers based on different professional affiliation therefore the correct option is B.

Ordinal scales are scales of measurement used to evaluate the degree or level of a given attribute relative to other entities. They are often used to rank items in terms of importance, size, or magnitude. An ordinal scale assigns numerical values to responses corresponding to the order they

were given, allowing for comparison between them without being able to determine exact differences between each value. An example would be a survey rating from 1-5 with 5 being the highest rating and 1 being the lowest. While this doesn't give an exact comparison between each point, it does allow for comparison between within the range of responses.

Hence the correct option is B.

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Answer:

1 Amnesty International. ...

2 Human Rights Watch. ...

3 Civil Rights Defenders.

Explanation:

PLS MARK ME AS BRAINLIST

After unknowingly being tested for crack cocaine, those women who recently gave birth and tested positive were offered the option to participate in the "Cocaine Treatment Program" at the Medical University of South Carolina.

This program aimed to provide a safe and supportive environment for both the mother and her baby to receive medical and social services, as well as substance abuse treatment to overcome their addiction.

The program was based on the belief that treating the mother's addiction would ultimately benefit the health and well-being of the baby, and it was one of the first of its kind in the country. The success of this program helped pave the way for other similar initiatives to help protect the health of unborn children affected by substance abuse.

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The socialization process results in schemas, or frames of reference, that shape an individual's understanding.

The process of internalising societal norms and beliefs is referred to as socialisation or socialisation in sociology. Learning and teaching are both a part of socialization, which is how social and cultural continuity is achieved. Socialization and developmental psychology are closely related. The importance of socialisation to us as individuals is equal. Through social engagement, we might progressively learn to view ourselves via the eyes of others, coming to understand who we are and the way we fit into the world.

Understanding of the world around them, their beliefs, values, and behaviors. These schemas and frames are developed through interactions with various social agents such as family, peers, media, and institutions, and are constantly being reinforced and adjusted throughout an individual's life. They provide a framework for how individuals perceive and interpret information, and guide their decision-making processes and social interactions.

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The unique characteristics of the political action groups include raising funding for their party representatives and pushing the interest of their selected candidates. The unique characteristic of special interest groups is to push the interest of their members through lobbying and other forms of pressure.

The similarities between the groups is that they both strive to promote their interests and to do this, they cooperate fully with one another. Special interest groups can mount pressure on political representatives and even lobby these people to promote their agenda.

The political action committees also strive to promote their preferred candidates.

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Answer:

These powers are often referred to as implied powers and are derived from the president's role as the head of the executive branch. Implied powers allow the president to take actions necessary to fulfill their duties and responsibilities, even if those actions are not explicitly outlined in the Constitution.

Explanation:

Powers of the President not written in the constitution are the power of executive order, the power to conduct foreign affairs, the power over federal bureaucracy and the power to shape the national conversation and set the political agenda.

The powers of the President of the United States are not limited to those explicitly listed in the Constitution. Over time, the President's role has expanded through various interpretations of the Constitution and through the accumulation of unwritten powers.

One of the most significant unwritten powers of the President is the power of executive order.

While the Constitution does not explicitly grant the President the power to issue executive orders, it has been widely accepted that the President may use this power to direct federal agencies in the implementation of laws or to shape policy.

Another important power of the President is the power to conduct foreign affairs.

While the Constitution grants Congress the power to declare war and regulate commerce with foreign nations, the President has historically played a dominant role in conducting foreign policy.

This includes negotiating treaties, establishing diplomatic relations, and using military force.

The President also has significant power over the federal bureaucracy. The President appoints many executive branch officials, including cabinet secretaries, agency heads, and federal judges.

Additionally, the President has the power to issue regulations and directives that shape the actions of federal agencies.

Finally, the President has significant power to shape the national conversation and set the political agenda. This power is derived from the President's position as the head of state and the most visible public figure in the country.

By using the bully pulpit, the President can influence public opinion and drive the policy debate in a particular direction.

In conclusion, while the Constitution outlines many of the President's powers, the office has evolved over time to include many unwritten powers.

These powers have been derived from a combination of legal interpretations, historical precedent, and the unique demands of the modern presidency.

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Ocean acidification is an important environmental concern because it has very significant impact on ecosystems and the planet's overall health. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from burning fossil fuels, and other human activities have led to rise in the acidity of seawater, and this is a phenomenon known as "Ocean Acidification".

The Chesapeake Bay is one of the largest estuaries in the United States, and it is particularly vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification. The bay has a diverse range of marine species. These changes can have adverse results for the bay's food web.

One of the most significant effects of ocean acidification in the Chesapeake Bay is the impact on shellfish populations. Oysters, in particular, are sensitive to changes in pH levels, and decreased shell formation can have a significant impact on their growth and survival. This can also lead to significant economic impacts on the local fishing industry, which relies heavily on oyster harvests.

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Since the second intifada, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has become more complicated and entrenched.

The construction of Israeli settlements in the West Bank has continued, making the possibility of a two-state solution more difficult. The Gaza Strip has been under blockade since 2007, creating a humanitarian crisis for its inhabitants. Hamas, an Islamist group, has gained power in Gaza, leading to increased tensions with Israel.

There have been multiple rounds of violence, including the 2014 Gaza War and the recent conflict in May 2021, causing loss of life and destruction. The political leadership on both sides has become more polarized, making it harder to reach a peaceful resolution.

In summary, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has worsened since the second intifada due to ongoing settlement expansion, the blockade of Gaza, increased tensions with Hamas, and political polarization. These factors have made it more challenging to find a peaceful resolution to the conflict.

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The Pilgrim's settlement was considered a colony of England.

The Pilgrims were a group of English secessionists who desired to leave the Church of England and freely practice their faith. They arrived at Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1620 after sailing on the Mayflower from England.  Since English settlers who were subject to English law and authority founded this settlement, which was known as Plymouth Colony, it was regarded as an English colony.

King James, I handed the Pilgrims a royal charter allowing them to settle in the New World, and they remained obedient to the English crown even as they built their own independent government in the colony.

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The interpretation phase of a design critique should not include judgments.

During the interpretation phase of a design critique, the focus should be on understanding the intentions behind the design, the message it conveys, and the emotions it evokes. It is essential to avoid judgments during this phase as they can impede the objective assessment and lead to biased or premature conclusions.

Instead, the interpretation phase should include impressions about meaning, first reactions, and personal perspectives. Impressions about meaning refer to the initial thoughts and ideas that come to mind when examining the design. These can help to identify the intended message or concept the designer aimed to convey. First reactions are the immediate emotional responses elicited by the design, which can provide insights into its effectiveness in engaging the target audience. Personal perspectives allow individuals to bring their own unique viewpoints and experiences to the interpretation process, fostering a more diverse and comprehensive understanding of the design.

By focusing on these aspects and excluding judgments, the interpretation phase of a design critique can ensure a more objective and thorough evaluation of the design, ultimately leading to more constructive feedback and improvements.

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Highly conserved means that a particular feature or characteristic, such as a gene or protein sequence, has remained largely unchanged over the course of evolutionary history across a wide range of species.

Actin is an example of a protein that is highly conserved among eukaryotic organisms. The amino acid sequence of actin is very similar in many different species, ranging from yeast and plants to mammals. This indicates that actin plays an important and essential role in cellular function and that any changes to its sequence or structure could be detrimental to the organism.

In the case of actin, this means that the protein structure and function have remained largely the same over millions of years of evolution, indicating its fundamental importance in cellular processes. By studying highly conserved molecules like actin, scientists can gain insights into the fundamental processes that underlie the diversity of life on Earth and how organisms have evolved.

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Answer: electoral votes

Explanation:

• Bipolar disorder and drug therapy: Drug therapy for bipolar disorder involves the use of mood stabilizers, such as lithium, to manage manic and depressive episodes. The rationale for using drug therapy is that it can help stabilize mood swings, reduce the severity and frequency of episodes, and improve overall functioning. This treatment can also help prevent relapse and improve the quality of life for individuals with bipolar disorder.

• Phobias and systematic desensitization: Systematic desensitization is a type of exposure therapy used to treat phobias. The treatment involves gradually exposing the individual to the feared object or situation while teaching them relaxation techniques to manage anxiety. The rationale for using systematic desensitization is that it can help the individual learn to confront and cope with their fear, and reduce their anxiety and avoidance behaviors. This treatment can also help improve overall functioning and quality of life by reducing the impact of the phobia on daily activities.

• Dissociative identity disorder and psychoanalysis: Psychoanalysis is a long-term, intensive form of talk therapy that aims to explore unconscious thoughts and feelings that contribute to psychological symptoms. The rationale for using psychoanalysis for dissociative identity disorder is that it can help individuals explore and process traumatic experiences and conflicts that may be contributing to their dissociative symptoms. This treatment can also help improve self-awareness and provide insight into the individual's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

• Addiction and group therapy: Group therapy for addiction involves a group of individuals with similar struggles and experiences coming together to support each other and work towards recovery. The rationale for using group therapy is that it can provide a sense of community, reduce feelings of isolation, and provide a supportive environment for individuals to share their experiences and learn from each other. This treatment can also help improve coping skills, self-esteem, and motivation for recovery.

• Depression and rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT): REBT is a type of cognitive-behavioral therapy that aims to identify and change negative thought patterns and beliefs that contribute to psychological distress. The rationale for using REBT for depression is that it can help the individual identify and challenge negative thought patterns that may be contributing to their symptoms. This treatment can also help improve coping skills and provide strategies for managing negative emotions. REBT has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of depression and improving overall functioning.

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People who practice nonviolence use only peaceful ways to achieve change.

Nonviolence is a philosophy and practice that aims to bring about social and political change through peaceful means, such as protests, civil disobedience, and dialogue.

The goal is to confront and challenge unjust structures and systems without resorting to violence or aggression.

Nonviolent action can be effective in achieving change because it promotes dialogue and understanding, builds alliances, and creates a sense of community among people who share a common vision for a more just and peaceful world.

Nonviolence has been used successfully in many movements throughout history, including the civil rights movement in the United States and the struggle against apartheid in South Africa.

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The difference between a crescent and a gibbous moon is that a crescent is less than half-lit, while a gibbous is more than half-lit.

Explanation:

So, a crescent moon appears as a thin crescent-shaped sliver of light, while a gibbous moon appears as a nearly round disk with a larger portion of it lit up. The frequency of occurrence between the two phases can vary and there is no general rule that the crescent moon occurs more often than the gibbous moon.

What do you mean by the crescent and gibbous moon?

The terms "crescent" and "gibbous" are used to describe the different phases of the moon, based on the amount of the illuminated portion of the moon that is visible from Earth.

A crescent moon is a phase of the moon in which less than half of the visible portion of the moon is illuminated by sunlight. The crescent shape resembles a thin, curved sliver of light on one side of the moon's disk, with the other side in shadow. The crescent phase occurs just after the new moon phase when the moon is positioned between the Earth and the sun.

A gibbous moon, on the other hand, is a phase of the moon in which more than half of the visible portion of the moon is illuminated by sunlight, but less than a full moon. The gibbous phase occurs just before the full moon phase when the moon is positioned opposite the sun in the sky. The term "gibbous" comes from the Latin word "gibbous," which means "humpbacked," and refers to the bulging appearance of the illuminated portion of the moon during this phase.

Both crescent and gibbous moons are important in lunar calendars and have been used for various cultural, religious, and agricultural purposes throughout history.

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Compared to Neanderthal burials, the earliest burials of anatomically modern human beings are more likely to show a higher proportion with grave goods.

Anatomically modern humans (AMH) buried their dead with more grave goods than Neanderthals, which may indicate greater social complexity or cultural sophistication. While some Neanderthal burials have been found with grave goods, they are generally less common and less elaborate than those found in AMH burials.

Additionally, while personal adornment items have been found in some AMH burials, they are not necessarily more common or elaborate than those found in Neanderthal burials. The style and type of grave goods in AMH burials also varied widely, from simple stone tools to elaborate jewelry and ceremonial objects.

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There are several factors that have a negative impact on poverty rates in Brazil. One of the biggest factors is income inequality. Brazil has one of the highest income disparity in the world, with a small percentage of the population holding a significant portion of the country's wealth.

This makes it difficult for those in poverty to access resources and opportunities that could help them improve their situation. Additionally, lack of education and job opportunities also contribute to poverty rates in Brazil. Many people living in poverty are unable to access quality education or find stable, well-paying jobs.

This perpetuates the cycle of poverty, making it difficult for individuals and families to break free from their circumstances. Finally, inadequate social welfare programs also play a role in poverty rates in Brazil.

Without adequate support, those living in poverty are unable to meet their basic needs and are at risk of falling deeper into poverty.

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There are four main types of monopolies: natural monopoly, geographic monopoly, technological monopoly, and government monopoly. These monopolies differ in the factors that contribute to their control over a particular market or industry.

A natural monopoly occurs when a single firm can provide a good or service at a lower cost than any potential competitor, usually due to economies of scale. This often happens in industries with high fixed costs and decreasing marginal costs, such as utilities (e.g., water, electricity, and gas). Because of the high initial investment required, it is more efficient for a single firm to serve the market, making it difficult for new entrants to compete.

A geographic monopoly arises when a firm has exclusive control over a specific geographic area, making it the only provider of a product or service within that region. This can happen due to factors such as transportation costs, isolation, or limited availability of resources. For example, a small island with only one grocery store would have a geographic monopoly.

A technological monopoly occurs when a company owns or controls a key technology, invention, or process required to produce a certain product or service. This type of monopoly is usually protected by patents, copyrights, or trade secrets, making it difficult or even impossible for competitors to legally replicate the technology. Examples include pharmaceutical companies that hold patents for specific drugs or tech companies with exclusive rights to a particular software.

A government monopoly is established and maintained by the government, either by owning and operating the business itself or by granting exclusive rights to a private firm. These monopolies are usually created to ensure essential services are provided, such as postal services, defense, or public transportation. Government monopolies may also be established to regulate and control industries that are considered strategic or have a significant impact on the public interest.

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The way that the utilitarian might it be evaluated is option B:Killing Tabitha is morally right because the happiness it brings all her neighbors will outweigh the harm to her.

Utilitarianism is a moral hypothesis that judges the morality of an operation based on allure ability to advance the greatest amount of satisfaction for the greatest number of community.

According to this view, if killing Tabitha would influence more happiness to the neighbors than harm, therefore it would be practically right to kill her.However, it is main to note that utilitarianism does not wink at actions that defile an individual's rights or dignity.

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The process Luiz used to remember the series of 15 letters as four words is called chunking. (D)

Chunking is a memory technique where information is organized into smaller groups or "chunks" to make it easier to remember. In this case, Luiz chunked the 15 letters into four words, which made it easier for him to remember.

Maintenance rehearsal is the process of repeating information over and over again to keep it in short-term memory.

Long-term potentiation is the process of strengthening neural connections in the brain to improve long-term memory. Recognition is the ability to identify previously encountered information. Eidetic imagery is the ability to vividly recall visual images in great detail.

In conclusion, Luiz used the chunking technique to remember a series of 15 letters by organizing them into smaller groups. This made it easier for him to remember and retrieve the information from his memory.(D)

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David is very scared. If he is at work, at church, in any situation where he needs to talk to someone at work, write down in advance what he is going to say.

Option c is correct .

David appears to be exhibiting symptoms of social anxiety disorder. He feels great anxiety in social situations, especially when he feels that others are watching or evaluating him. This causes him to avoid eye contact and rely on written notes to communicate with others. and began to self-medicate with alcohol.

Social anxiety disorder is a common mental illness that affects many people. Treatment usually involves a combination of treatments and medications and is highly effective in relieving symptoms and improving overall quality of life. For David, it would be beneficial to seek help from a mental health professional to help him deal with his symptoms and work on developing healthier coping strategies.

Hence, Option c is correct.

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Answer:

Principal and interest.

Explanation:

A fully amortized payment is split into principal and interest components.

A fully amortized payment is split into two components: principal and interest.

The principal portion of the payment goes towards paying down the original amount of money borrowed, while the interest portion goes towards paying the cost of borrowing that money.

With each payment, the amount of principal that is owed decreases, while the amount of interest that is owed decreases as well, since the interest is based on the outstanding principal balance.

By the end of the loan term, assuming all payments have been made on time and in full, the entire principal balance will be paid off, and no further interest will be owed.

When you take out a loan, such as a mortgage or a car loan, the lender calculates the total amount of interest that you will pay over the life of the loan based on the interest rate, the loan amount, and the loan term.

They then divide that total interest amount by the number of payments you will make over the life of the loan to determine how much interest you will pay with each payment.

The principal portion of your payment is calculated by subtracting the interest portion from the total payment amount. For example, if your monthly payment is $1,000 and $300 of that is interest, then the remaining $700 is applied to the principal balance of the loan.

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When a provider is convicted of corporate noncompliance, it means they have been found guilty of not adhering to the rules, regulations, and laws governing their business operations. This can result in severe penalties, including fines, loss of licenses, and reputational damage.

Corporate noncompliance can encompass a wide range of violations, such as tax evasion, improper financial reporting, failure to comply with industry regulations, or unethical business practices. When a provider is found guilty of these violations, they are held accountable by regulatory bodies, government agencies, or the judicial system.

The consequences of corporate noncompliance convictions can be severe and far-reaching, affecting not only the guilty party but also its employees, shareholders, and stakeholders. Penalties may include financial fines, restitution, or even imprisonment in more extreme cases. Additionally, providers may be required to implement corrective action plans, such as adopting new policies, procedures, or internal controls, to ensure future compliance with regulations.

In some instances, the repercussions of corporate noncompliance convictions can extend beyond the provider, leading to a broader loss of trust and confidence in the industry as a whole. This can, in turn, result in increased regulatory scrutiny and greater challenges for all providers in the affected industry.

In conclusion, a provider convicted of corporate noncompliance has been found guilty of not adhering to the rules and regulations governing their business, resulting in potentially significant penalties and negative consequences for the provider, its employees, shareholders, and the industry as a whole. It is essential for providers to be aware of their compliance obligations and implement strong internal controls to minimize the risk of noncompliance.

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The analytical style of communication is characterized by language that requires the listener to carefully note what is being said and to observe how the sender is presenting the message.

The analytical style of communication is often used by individuals who prefer to gather and analyze information before making decisions or sharing their thoughts. This style of communication is characterized by the use of precise language, facts, and figures to convey a message.

It requires the listener to pay close attention to the details of what is being said and to observe the sender's tone, body language, and other nonverbal cues.

Individuals who use this style of communication are often perceived as logical, objective, and detail-oriented. However, it can also be seen as overly critical or lacking in empathy if not balanced with other styles of communication.

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The nature of the externality in this problem is a negative externality due to the cost of putting up a fence being imposed on the farmer.

In this situation, the rancher's cattle are causing damage to the farmer's crops, which is a negative externality. This is because the rancher is not bearing the full cost of their cattle grazing on the farmer's land.

The judge's decision to make the farmer responsible for putting up the fence shifts the burden of the externality to the farmer. The farmer now has to incur the cost of building the fence to protect their crops from the rancher's cattle.

This is an example of how negative externalities can arise from the actions of one party affecting another party without proper compensation.

In order to internalize the externality and make the rancher bear the full cost of their cattle grazing, the judge could have required the rancher to build the fence or pay for the damages caused to the farmer's crops.

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Answer:

West Tennessee and Middle Tennessee

Explanation:

While East Tennessee was against secession and West Tennessee was for secession, Middle Tennessee was divided but in the end they chose to support secession. Hope this helps!

Infants exposed to ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke) from more than 21 cigarettes a day are 23 times more likely to die from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, also known as crib death or cot death, is the unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant, typically during sleep. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) is a mixture of the smoke given off by a burning tobacco product and the smoke exhaled by a smoker. It contains numerous harmful chemicals, including carcinogens, and poses significant health risks to those exposed to it, particularly young children and infants.

Exposure to ETS can result in various health complications in infants, such as respiratory illnesses, ear infections, and impaired lung development. However, the most severe consequence is the increased risk of SIDS. The chemicals in ETS can interfere with an infant's breathing and disrupt their ability to regulate their body temperature, leading to an increased risk of SIDS.

To protect infants from the harmful effects of ETS, it is crucial for caregivers and parents to ensure a smoke-free environment in their homes and surroundings. This includes not smoking in the presence of an infant, not allowing others to smoke around the infant, and avoiding places where the infant may be exposed to secondhand smoke. By creating a smoke-free environment, caregivers and parents can significantly reduce the risk of SIDS and promote the overall health and well-being of their infants.

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