The uncertainty of church authority, mentioned in Source 2, most directly contributed to which of the following European developments in the 13th and 14th centuries?

The Crusades
The Protestant Reformation
The Counter-Reformation
The Enlightenment

Refer to the two passages.

Source 1

"Christendom had recovered from . . . when the Tartar cataclysm had threatened to engulf it. The Tartars themselves were already becoming an object of curiosity rather than of fear. . . . The frail Latin throne in Constantinople was still standing, but tottering to its fall. The successors of the Crusaders still held the Coast of Syria. . . . The jealousies of the commercial republics of Italy were daily waxing greater. The position of Genoese trade on the coasts of the Aegean was greatly depressed . . . Venice had acquired [power there by expelling] the Greek Emperors. . . . But Genoa was biding her time for an early revenge, and year by year her naval strength and skill were increasing. Both these republics held possessions and establishments in the ports of Syria. . . . Alexandria was still largely frequented in the intervals of war as the great emporium of Indian wares, but the facilities afforded by the Mongol conquerors who now held the whole tract from the Persian Gulf to the shores of the Caspian and of the Black Sea, or nearly so, were beginning to give a great advantage to the caravan routes.”

Henri Cordier’s annotated translation of The Travels of Marco Polo, 1920

Source 2

"Throughout the twelfth century there were many signs that the European intelligence was recovering courage and leisure, and preparing to take up again the intellectual enterprises of the first Greek scientific enquiries and such speculations as those of the Italian Lucretius. The causes of this revival were many and complex. The suppression of private war, the higher standards of comfort and security that followed the crusades, and the stimulation of men’s minds by the experiences of these expeditions were no doubt necessary preliminary conditions. Trade was reviving; cities were recovering ease and safety; the standard of education was arising in the church and spreading among laymen. The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries were a period of growing, independent or quasi-independent cities; Venice, Florence, Genoa, Lisbon, Paris, Bruges, London, Antwerp, Hamburg, Nuremberg, Novgorod, Wisby and Bergen for example. They were all trading cities with many travellers, and where men trade and travel they talk and think. The polemics of the Popes and princes . . . were exciting men to doubt the authority of the church. . . .

The Arabs [began] restoring Aristotle to Europe, and . . . [European princes like] Frederick II acted as a channel through which Arabic philosophy and science played upon the renascent European mind.”

H. G. Wells, A Short History of the World, 1922

Answer:

B.) The Protestant Reformation

Explanation:

I can't explain on this question because I have no idea why it's the protestant reformation, I'm guessing it does have to do what happened later when it mentioned about the uncertainty of church authority. I'm guessing that the Protestant Reformation started after the uncertainty. You might want to ask your teacher of why it's the Protestant Reformation because I have no clue why. I knew it wasn't Counter Reformation because that happened after the Protestant Reformation and the Enlightenment did not happen in the 13th and 14th centuries. I chose B and got it right. I initially chose A but that was wrong.

15. Which of the following most shaped the events described by Bogaert in the excerpt? ​

Describe SMCRA in own words

There are 16 ounces in a pint, 2 pints in a quart, and 4 quarts in a gallon. How many ounces are in a 5.0 gallon container?

Use the excerpt from the 1733 Molasses Act to answer the question.

Laws like the Molasses Act in the excerpt caused many colonists to respond by

A. reluctantly obeying the laws, causing high levels of poverty and scarcity.
B. vigorously protesting the laws, organizing revolts that ended unity.
C. ignoring the laws, leading to a profitable system of smuggling.
D. petitioning for a change to the laws, strengthening the local government.

Passage in the comments!

When looking at the Language Family Tree diagram, the larger the trunks and leaves are, the greater the number of speakers of those families and languages.

True or False

The diffusion of the Internet followed the same path established by the television, but at a much slower pace.

True or False

(1) Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places on Earth: people crowd into tiny living spaces, some with only a bed, a hot plate, and a toilet. (2) The city is made up of more than 200 islands, and there is no more available land to house its people. (3) To solve this land shortage problem, officials have proposed a radical solution: creating a whole new island. (4) The East Lantau Metropolis would be built on land reclaimed from the sea and would house 1.1 million people.

(5) A different problem faces the people of Kiribati—a nation in the central Pacific Ocean made up of 33 islands (most of which are less than twenty feet above sea level). (6) Because of rising sea levels, some inhabitants have already had to abandon their homes. (7) New islands will have to be built to ensure a safe future for its citizens, because science indicates that Kiribati will go underwater within the century.

(8) Artificial islands have been seen as solutions for a number of problems in recent decades. (9) The city of Dubai has been constructing a luxurious palm-tree-shaped series of islands to house hotels. (10) Osaka, Japan, built an island off its coast to relieve its overcrowded airport. (11) The Maldives, Malaysia, and Seoul have all built or have plans to build artificial islands to expand their territory.

(12) So, is building artificial islands a good solution for modern-day challenges? (13) Not everyone thinks so. (14) Constructing artificial islands destroys the coral reefs that nourish fisheries and protect the coastline from the impact of waves; it also destabilizes precious coastal ecosystems. (15) Building on unstable dredged sediments also endangers human inhabitants, especially in areas prone to earthquakes.

The writer wants to provide relevant support for the claim made in sentences 12 and 13. Which of the following sentences, if added after sentence 13, would most effectively accomplish this goal?

A) According to the Australian Bureau of Meteorology’s National Tidal Centre, there has been an average sea level rise of 7.3 millimeters a year around low-lying islands like Kiribati in the past few decades.

B)A professor of biology at Old Dominion University, Kent Carpenter, notes that poaching of giant clams does more damage to marine ecosystems than island building does.

C)Marine biologists contend that the urban sprawl spreading into the oceans inevitably causes havoc for marine organisms and their habitats.
Marine biologists contend that the urban sprawl spreading into the oceans inevitably causes havoc for marine organisms and their habitats.

D)The government of South Korea expected to have 300,000 residents in the utopian smart city built on the artificial island of Songdo.


E)Environmental scientists at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia, have noted that those building artificial islands can use techniques like silt curtains to help minimize the environmental impact of these projects.

I know a lot of you might not take the time to read this but plz hear me out , Today is Teachers day so I ask of you to show your appreciation to them because they go out and beyond just to help us be great in life and now with this co-vid virus Most of us are doing virtual lessons and attending virtual classes and some actually going to school but the teachers make all these things to help us . I think its fair if we show them a bit of appreciation in return . U can disagree if you want but this is what I think -

summarize what happened during the Islamic Golden Age of Learning

can someone please help me write an FRQ​

What is the difference between Level 1 thinking and Level 3 thinking?

please help me on the other ones I did one of them

32 pts. PLZZ HELP EZ IM just lazy XD

Diffusion is the spread of a feature from one place to another over time.... the spread of an idea through physical space and movement from one place to another.

a. Identify THREE different types of diffusion

b. Explain how each type of diffusion works

c. Identify the main difference between relocation diffusion and expansion diffusion

Coral reefs are the most diverse of all marine ecosystems. They are home to almost one quarter of all ocean species. Coral reefs are also important to people, providing food, protection of shorelines, tourism jobs, and even medicines. However, this is a fragile ecosystem, threatened by human activity and environmental changes. Which of these threats is not caused by abiotic factors? A) Coral reefs are affected by overfishing. B) Coral reefs are affected by changing ocean chemistry. C) Coral reefs are affected by global warming due to increases in greenhouse gases. D) Coral reefs are affected by pollution due to runoff of chemicals into the ocean.

GET BRAINLIEST
Explain how the interactions between the Spanish and the Native Americans differed from the French and the Native Americans.

In which relationship stage are the individuals in the following scenario?
Quentin and Spencer have both been on the basketball team for the last four months. When
they talk about their practices or upcoming games, they often make jokes or refer to things that
their friends who are not on the team don't always understand.
bonding
initiating
intensifying
experimenting
integrating

how can you operationally define memory

No ruler took more liberties with his religion than Akbar, the greatest of the Mughals, the Muslim dynasty that dominated India between the early 16th and 18th centuries. Like Ashoka and Gandhi, Akbar constructed a religious ideology that served to hold together a diffuse polity as it fed his own soul. It began with pragmatic policies of tolerance. Akbar had inherited the throne, at the age of 13, in 1556. In 1579 he abolished the jiziya, a tax imposed on all but the poorest non-Muslims. This was the most notable in a series of measures to recruit the Hindu majority and others to the cause of unifying and expanding his empire. He could be ruthless: his troops massacred 20,000–25,000 non-combatants after a four-month siege of Chitor, a nearly impregnable Hindu fortress in Rajasthan. But he preferred incentives to coercion. He defeated the war-like Rajputs, but gave them rank and married their princesses, who were permitted to conduct Hindu rites in the harem. The Mughal-Rajput alliance was a bulwark of his empire. "Multicultural Akbar,” The Economist, 1999.
Explain ONE specific political development that resulted from the conditions created by the religious policies described in the passage?

A balloon that is filled up with air at room temperature is placed in the sun and it expands to the temperature rise. What happens to the air molecules in it as the temperature rises?

A student adds two displacement vectors that have the magnitudes of 15.0 m and 5.0 m. What is the range of possible answers for the magnitude of the resultant vector?

The passage provides evidence to illustrate which of the following?

Human adaptation to weather patterns
Religious motivation for human migration
Cultural inspiration for trans-regional interactions
The political effects of trade on countries in the region

Refer to the passage.

"The huge Indian Ocean constitutes a maritime space less cohesive than the Mediterranean; yet, the monsoons provide a degree of geographic unity. In winter months, approximately November through March, high pressure zones over the Asian landmass and low pressures over the ocean produce prevailing winds blowing in a southwesterly direction from India and from China. In the summer months, approximately April to September, the pressure zones and wind directions reverse. The optimal sailing periods during the monsoons were relatively short and storms were often a problem, so mariners learned to catch the winds at certain times, depending on their points of embarkation and destination. Some historians argue that the monsoons determined certain historical patterns, and there is a general consensus that the monsoons made cross-cultural experiences highly likely, such as those between Arabia and East Africa and between China and island Southeast Asia. The monsoons also heightened opportunities for sailing long distances more quickly than would otherwise have been possible and thereby made the huge region seem a bit smaller.”

Patricia Risso, historical analysis of the Indian Ocean trade network prior to 1500, Merchants and Faith: Muslim Culture and Commerce in the Indian Ocean, 2018

All of the activities of 4-H are related to agriculture today.
A.
True
B.
False

Explain how industrialization changed in the 20th century after World War I.

Did Spanish language spread because of religion or Arabic?

Which of the following statements best illustrates a difference in the administration of the economies and trade of the Aztec and Inca Empires?

Aztec rulers required tribute to be paid and brought to the central location of Tenochtitlán. Inca rulers directly affected people who were using roads for transportation and communication.
Aztec rulers allowed market towns to develop and thrive throughout the empire. Inca rulers required that goods be sold only at the capital, where sales and production could be monitored.
Aztec rulers peacefully integrated the goods and labor of conquered people into their culture. Inca rulers used trade routes to send armies out to enforce acceptance of their authority and collect tribute.
Aztec rulers used roads primarily for trade. Inca rulers used roads primarily for military influence.

how does the lack of sleep and food effect your mood?

Which of the following religious policies remained consistent throughout the Mongol Empire?

The policy of restricting European missionaries, which began in Persia
The spread of the Islamic religion, which began with the Abbasid caliphate
The policy of religious tolerance, which was similar to the policy under the rule of the Arab sultanates
The rejection of Christianity as an official religion, which was similar to its rejection in other empires throughout Asia

Refer to the passage.

"The next day (25th May) (the Chan) sent his secretaries to me, who said: ‘Our lord sends us to you to say that you are here Christians, Saracens [Muslims] and Tuins. And each of you says that his doctrine is the best, and his writings—that is, books—the truest. So he wishes that you shall all meet together, and make a comparison, each one writing down his precepts, so that he himself may be able to know the truth.’ Then I said: ‘Blessed be God, who put this in the Chan’s heart. But our Scriptures tell us, the servant of God should not dispute, but should show mildness to all; so I am ready, without disputation or contention, to give reason for the faith and hope of the Christians, to the best of my ability.’ They wrote down my words, and carried them back to him. Then it was told the Nestorians that they should look to themselves, and write down what they wished to say, and likewise to the Saracens [Muslims], and in the same way to the Tuins.”

Excerpt from The Journey of William of Rubruck, written by a Franciscan monk sent by King Louis IX of France to the Mongol Empire in 1253

The passage reveals which of the following trends from the period 1200 to 1450?

A. Widespread hostility toward trade with outsiders was being supported by the state.
B. The state was sponsoring innovative commercial practices and infrastructure to encourage trade.
C. Luxury goods and products became accessible to the middle and lower classes.
D. Economies were declining throughout Eurasia as a result of Mongol invasions.

Refer to the passage.

Furthermore all merchants arriving from India or other countries, and bringing with them gold or silver or gems and pearls, are prohibited from selling to any one but the Emperor. He has twelve experts chosen for this business, men of shrewdness and experience in such affairs; these appraise the articles, and the Emperor then pays a liberal price for them in those pieces of paper. The merchants accept his price readily, for in the first place they would not get so good a one from anybody else, and secondly they are paid without any delay. And with this paper-money they can buy what they like anywhere over the Empire, whilst it is also vastly lighter to carry about on their journeys. And it is a truth that the merchants will several times in the year bring wares to the amount of 400,000 bezants, and the Grand Sire pays for all in that paper.

Excerpt from The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian, Concerning Kingdoms and Marvels of the East, Vol. 2, 1871

function: f(x)= -x^2+2

true or false:
when f(x) =2, x= -2

4. Which is not true in a comparison between Mars and Earth?
A. It has life mechanism.
B. It has water and atmosphere.
C. It has carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
D. It has atmosphere that supports oxygen.
which​

hello everyone hope your having a great day! and watch out for the next riddle i'm giving out later :)