the nurse is assessing a client who lives with dementia and chronic pain. the client's family members tell the nurse they think the pain is worsening. which sign of pain is the nurse most likely to observe in this client?

Healthcare professionals are usually notified when someone wants them to consult with a patient through various means such as phone calls, emails, text messages, or in-person requests.

The specific method of notification may vary depending on the communication preferences and protocols established within a particular healthcare facility or organization. Additionally, some electronic health record (EHR) systems may have a notification feature that alerts healthcare professionals when a consult request is received. Ultimately, the goal is to ensure timely and effective communication between healthcare team members to provide the best possible care for the patient.

I can provide information on how medical professionals are usually notified -
Receptionist or administrative staff: The staff may relay a message, either in person, via phone call, or through an intercom system, informing the medical professional about a consultation request.
Electronic Health Record (EHR) system: The system may generate a notification when a consultation is requested or scheduled, which can be seen by the medical professional.
Email or messaging app: Some medical professionals may receive notifications through email or messaging apps, like secure, HIPAA-compliant platforms, regarding consultation requests.
Paging system: In some cases, medical professionals may still use pagers, which would send an alert when a consultation is needed.

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The medical term for difficult digestion, abdominal pain, and bloating that occur shortly after taking medication for osteoporosis is "dyspepsia."

Dyspepsia is a common medical term that refers to a group of symptoms related to difficult digestion, including upper abdominal pain, bloating, and discomfort after eating. Dyspepsia can be caused by a variety of factors, including medication side effects, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and other digestive disorders.

In the case of Mrs. Dorfman, her symptoms may be related to her osteoporosis medication, which can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as dyspepsia. It is important for her to report these symptoms to her healthcare provider, who may recommend adjustments to her medication regimen or additional diagnostic testing to determine the underlying cause of her symptoms.

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Interventions that the nurse should incorporate into the plan of care for a client with a new ostomy that is having difficulty coping with the body change include

The nurse should not explain to the client that his or her sexual relations would not change, as this is not necessarily true for all clients. Instead, the nurse should provide information on ways to adapt sexual activity with an ostomy, such as placing a dressing over the ostomy during sexual relations.

By incorporating these interventions, the nurse can help the client adjust to the changes associated with having an ostomy and maintain a good quality of life.

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The complete question is:

Which interventions should the nurse incorporate into the plan of care for a client with a new ostomy that is having difficulty coping with the body change? Select all that apply.

Forensic scientists use various methods to calculate the angle of impact of blood drops, such as the string method, the axis method, and the tangent method. The most commonly used method is the string method.

To use the string method, the forensic scientist must first locate the bloodstain pattern and identify individual blood droplets. They then use a protractor to measure the angle of the string placed along the long axis of the blood drop.

The angle of impact is calculated using the formula sin⁻¹ (width ÷ length), where width is the width of the blood drop and length is the length of the blood drop. The angle of impact is then used in conjunction with other bloodstain pattern analysis techniques to determine the point of origin of the blood droplets.

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The mild shoulder pain reported by the patient after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is likely caused by diaphragmatic irritation secondary to residual carbon, option (c) is correct.

During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, carbon dioxide gas is used to inflate the abdomen, which can cause irritation of the diaphragm. The irritation can cause referred pain in the shoulder due to shared nerve pathways between the diaphragm and the shoulder. This type of pain is known as "shoulder tip pain" and is a common side effect of laparoscopic procedures.

Paralytic ileus with mesenteric irritation can cause abdominal pain and bloating, an incision along the rectus abdominis muscle can cause incisional pain, and spasm of the duct of Wirsung can cause pain in the upper abdomen or back, option (c) is correct.

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The correct question is:

While discharging a patient after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the nurse hears the patient report mild shoulder pain. The nurse is aware that the pain is likely caused by which factor?

a. paralytic ileus with mesenteric irritation

b. an incision along the rectus abdominis muscle

c. diaphragmatic irritation secondary to residual carbon

d. spasm of the duct of Wirsung

If the right lateral pterygoid muscle is paralyzed, the left lateral pterygoid muscle will be unopposed during jaw opening. This means that the mandible will deviate toward the paralyzed muscle, which in this case would be the right side when the patient is asked to open their mouth wide. This is known as a contralateral deviation of the mandible.

Contralateral deviation of the mandible is a movement of the jaw towards the side opposite to the affected or weakened muscle. This occurs because the unaffected muscle on the opposite side of the jaw can contract without opposition, pulling the jaw towards that side during movement.

This deviation can occur when there is weakness or paralysis of one of the muscles involved in jaw movement, such as the lateral pterygoid muscle, which plays an important role in opening and protruding the jaw. The contralateral deviation is a common finding in patients with facial nerve paralysis, which affects the muscles responsible for chewing and facial expression.

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The artifact that results from an ultrasound beam having a finite and measurable three-dimensional profile is slice thickness.

Slice thickness refers to the cross-sectional dimension of the ultrasound beam, which is finite and measurable. This artifact can cause objects to appear thicker or more prominent than they actually are, leading to potential misinterpretations in diagnostic imaging.

                                     This artifact occurs because the ultrasound beam is not infinitely thin, and therefore, when it passes through tissue, it creates a slice of thickness that can be measured. This can result in images that appear to have additional structures or thickness that are not actually present.

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The most appropriate next step for this patient is emergent reperfusion therapy, preferably percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), to restore blood flow to the affected coronary artery and minimize myocardial damage.

Acute myocardial infarction is a medical emergency that requires prompt recognition and management. The patient's history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and heavy smoking history are significant risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease and AMI.

The presence of ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF on the ECG indicates involvement of the right coronary artery, and emergent reperfusion therapy is essential to prevent further myocardial damage. PCI is the preferred method of reperfusion therapy in patients with AMI, as it has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality compared to fibrinolytic therapy.

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Polysynaptic reflexes involve multiple neurons, specifically a minimum of three types of neurons: a sensory neuron, one or more interneurons, and a motor neuron. These reflexes have a more complex structure compared to monosynaptic reflexes, which only include one sensory neuron and one motor neuron.

In polysynaptic reflexes, the sensory neuron detects a stimulus and sends the information to the spinal cord. Within the spinal cord, the signal is transmitted to one or more interneurons. Interneurons process the incoming information and generate an appropriate response by connecting the sensory neuron to the motor neuron.

The motor neuron then carries the response signal to the target muscle, leading to the reflex action.

Polysynaptic reflexes provide a more adaptable response to various stimuli, as interneurons can process and integrate information from multiple sources. These reflexes often play a role in maintaining posture, coordinating muscle movements, and contributing to more complex motor activities.

In summary, polysynaptic reflexes consist of at least three neurons, including a sensory neuron, one or more interneurons, and a motor neuron, which allows for more complex and adaptable reflex actions.

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The physician is most likely to consider prescribing prescription weight-loss medication for an adult with a BMI of 28 kg/m2 who has prediabetes and hypertension. option b is correct.

Prediabetes and hypertension are both health conditions that can increase the risk of developing serious complications such as heart disease and stroke. Losing weight can help manage these conditions and reduce the risk of developing complications. However, the decision to prescribe weight-loss medication will depend on a thorough evaluation of the individual's medical history, current health status, and other factors. The other options may not be appropriate for weight-loss medication based on the limited information provided. Hence, option b is correct.

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--The complete question is, For which of the following individuals would a physician most likely consider prescribing prescription weight-loss medication due to associated health conditions:

a) a high school football player with a BMI of 30 kg/m2,

b) an adult with a BMI of 28 kg/m2 who has prediabetes and hypertension,

c) an eleven-year-old child with a BMI of 26 kg/m2 whose parents are obese,

d) an adult with a BMI of 32 kg/m2 who has just started a medically supervised weight-loss program?--

The hormone that indirectly increases the retention of water by the kidneys, by causing the reabsorption of sodium, is called aldosterone.

The hormone that indirectly increases the retention of water by the kidneys, by causing the reabsorption of sodium, is called aldosterone.

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. It acts on the cells of the distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidney, promoting the reabsorption of sodium ions and the excretion of potassium ions. This leads to an increase in blood volume and blood pressure, as water follows the reabsorbed sodium ions. The net effect of aldosterone is to increase the retention of water by the kidneys, thus helping to maintain fluid balance in the body.

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Both the child and the parents should be ready for the experience when a child is going to the hospital. By giving education and information to help the kid and parents know what to expect during the hospitalization, nurses play an important part in this process.

The following are some strategies nurses can use to help the child and parents become ready:

Giving parents and children information about the hospitalization process: Nurses can go over the specifics of admission protocols, room setups, and hospital routines with the kid and parents. With this knowledge, anxiety can be lessened and the child and parents can psychologically prepare for the impending hospital stay.

Nursing staff can instruct the kid and parents about any medical procedures and interventions medical procedures or treatments that may be required while you're in the hospital. This involves describing the procedures' goals, what to anticipate while undergoing them, and any possible side effects or discomfort. This aids in the mental preparation and increased sense of control for the child and parents.

Addressing worries and inquiries: Nurses can provide a secure and encouraging environment so that the child and parents can voice their worries and inquire. They can address any questions or misunderstandings with precise and understandable information, which reduces worry and anxiety.

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The mortality rate from Left Ventricular Free Wall Rupture is approximately 70 -90%.

Left ventricular free wall rupture is a rare but potentially fatal condition in which the ventricle wall of the left side of the heart ruptures. It typically occurs due to an underlying condition such as an acute myocardial infarction (heart attack).

The main cause of death is due to circulatory collapse, cardiogenic shock, or cardiac arrhythmia. Treatment for this condition consists of emergency surgery to repair the damaged wall. Other measures may include medication therapy, lifestyle modifications, and management of any underlying conditions.

Despite aggressive treatment, mortality rates are still very high and most patients that experience a left ventricular free wall rupture do not survive.

Question is incomplete the complete question is

What is the percentage of Mortality rate from Left Ventricular Free Wall Rupture?

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Clients who engage in behaviors that increase their exposure to HI V are at higher risk of contracting the infection.

These behaviors include having unprotected se x (vagi nal, an al, or or al) with an HIV-positive partner or with a partner whose HIV status is unknown, sharing needles or syringes for injecting drugs or steroids, receiving a blood transfusion or organ transplant before 1985, or being born to an HIV-positive mother.

Other factors that can increase the risk of HIV transmission include having multiple sex partners, having a sexually transmitted infection (STI), or having a compromised immune system.

Therefore, clients who engage in any of these behaviors or have any of these risk factors are at higher risk of contracting H IV infection.

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Yes, a chemist may speak with a prescriber about information from a patient's report as long as they adhere to patient privacy laws and regulations.

Yes, as long as it falls under the purview of their professional duties, a chemist is permitted to share information from a patient's report with a prescriber who has a professional connection with the patient. But the chemist must make sure they abide by laws and rules governing patient privacy, such as HIPAA, and get the patient's permission or authorization when required.

Although the chemist must abide by state and federal rules governing the sharing of patient information, they may share information with law enforcement regarding prescription medication misuse or diversion.

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The given statement, a key component of meta-analysis is the calculation of an effect size index, is true because, effect size index represents the magnitude of the treatment effect.

A key component of meta-analysis is the calculation of an effect size index. The effect size index represents the magnitude of the treatment effect or association between variables in the studies that are included in the meta-analysis.

The calculation of the effect size index involves standardizing the results of the individual studies to a common metric, which allows for the combination of the results across studies. The effect size index is a crucial piece of information in a meta-analysis, as it provides a measure of the strength of the relationship between variables or the size of the treatment effect, and allows for comparisons between studies with different designs, populations, and interventions.

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The scientific rationale that would explain the client's feeling of listlessness and tiredness is that menorrhagia has caused the client to have decreased levels of hemoglobin, option 4 is correct.

Menorrhagia is a condition characterized by excessive bleeding during menstruation, which can lead to a decrease in the levels of hemoglobin in the blood. Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin, which transports oxygen throughout the body.

When the level of hemoglobin decreases, the body does not receive enough oxygen, which can result in fatigue, weakness, and listlessness. Excessive bleeding can lead to anemia, a condition in which the body does not have enough red blood cells to transport oxygen efficiently, leading to further fatigue and tiredness, option 4 is correct.

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The correct question is:

The client diagnosed with menorrhagia complains to the nurse of feeling listless and tired all the time. Which scientific rationale would explain why these symptoms occur?

1. The pain associated with the menorrhagia does not allow the client to rest.

2. The client's symptoms are unrelated to the diagnosis of menorrhagia.

3. The client probably has been exposed to a virus that causes chronic fatigue.

4. Menorrhagia has caused the client to have decreased levels of hemoglobin.

The most important modifiable risk factor in the development of osteoarthritis (OA) is obesity.

Which is the most important risk factor in OA?

The most important modifiable risk factor in the development of osteoarthritis (OA) is obesity. Obesity increases the mechanical stress on weight-bearing joints, such as the knees and hips, and also contributes to inflammation, which can exacerbate the condition. To reduce the risk of developing OA, it is crucial to maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise. Treatment options for OA may include physical therapy, medication, and in severe cases, surgery.

Being overweight or obese puts extra stress on the joints, especially the knees, and hips, increasing the risk of developing OA. Weight loss and weight management through a healthy diet and regular exercise can be an effective treatment strategies for managing OA symptoms and preventing further joint damage.

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The most important risk factor for the development of prostate cancer is age. As men grow older, their risk of developing prostate cancer significantly increases. This is because the prostate gland tends to enlarge with age, which may contribute to the formation of cancerous cells.

Other key risk factors for prostate cancer include family history and genetic predisposition. Men with a first-degree relative (father or brother) who has had prostate cancer are at a higher risk of developing the disease. Additionally, certain inherited genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can increase the likelihood of developing prostate cancer.

Race and ethnicity also play a role in prostate cancer risk, with African-American men having a higher incidence and mortality rate compared to other racial groups. Lastly, lifestyle factors, such as diet and obesity, may contribute to the development of prostate cancer. A diet high in red and processed meats and low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk, while maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce it.

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Referred pain in the shoulder is not a typical symptom of a ruptured spleen.

Referred pain in the shoulder is not a typical symptom of a ruptured spleen. The most common symptoms of a ruptured spleen include pain in the upper left part of the abdomen, tenderness when the area is touched, and a feeling of fullness in the stomach. Other symptoms can include dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting, as well as rapid heart rate and low blood pressure.

Referred pain in the shoulder can occur with other medical conditions, such as a heart attack, gallbladder disease, or a shoulder injury. It is important to seek medical attention  if you are experiencing shoulder pain along with other symptoms, especially if they are severe or persistent. A doctor can help determine the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment.

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In searching a literature database, you would use the "fielded search" technique to designate which fields (e.g., author, title, subject, publication date) are to be included in the search.

The field selection technique is commonly used in literature database searches to specify which fields within a database should be included in the search. This can help to refine search results and make them more relevant to the research question or topic of interest. By selecting specific fields such as author, title, subject, publication date, and others, researchers can narrow down their search and find the most relevant articles for their needs.

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The dependent variable in a research study is the response or outcome that the researcher wants to understand, option 4 is correct.

It is the variable that is being measured or observed by the researcher, and it is dependent on the independent variable, which is the variable that is being manipulated or controlled by the researcher. In other words, the dependent variable is what the researcher is interested in studying and is affected by changes in the independent variable.

For example, in research on the effects of caffeine on reaction time, the dependent variable would be the reaction time of the participants, which is the response that the researcher is interested in understanding, option 4 is correct.

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Tenting, observed in a 4-year-old child with gastroenteritis, indicates poor skin elasticity due to dehydration resulting from nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In this case, the nursing diagnosis would be Fluid Volume Deficit, also known as Dehydration.

Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, typically caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites. Symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, contribute to the loss of fluids and electrolytes, which may lead to dehydration. Tenting is a clinical sign of dehydration where the skin takes time to return to its normal position when pinched. In a well-hydrated child, the skin would quickly snap back.

To address Fluid Volume Deficit, the nurse should develop a care plan focusing on rehydration and electrolyte replacement, usually via oral rehydration therapy or intravenous fluids, depending on the severity. Close monitoring of the child's vital signs, intake and output, and weight is crucial to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and ensure adequate fluid balance.

In summary, a 4-year-old child with gastroenteritis presenting with tenting has a nursing diagnosis of Fluid Volume Deficit. The care plan should prioritize rehydration, electrolyte replacement, and continuous monitoring to help the child recover safely and efficiently.

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The nurse should instruct the client with end-stage renal failure and an internal arteriovenous fistula in the left arm for vascular access during hemodialysis to:  Protect the fistula from trauma or pressure, Monitor the fistula site for signs of infection or bleeding, Avoid blood draws or IV insertions in the affected arm & Keep the access site clean and dry.

Options  (a), (b),(c) & (e) are correct

The client should avoid any trauma or pressure on the fistula site. The nurse may instruct the client to avoid carrying heavy objects, sleeping on the arm with the fistula, or wearing tight clothing or jewelry that can constrict blood flow to the area.

Monitor the fistula site for signs of infection or bleeding: The client should check the fistula site daily for signs of infection or bleeding, such as redness, swelling, warmth, or drainage.

Avoid blood draws or IV insertions in the affected arm: The client should avoid any blood draws or IV insertions in the arm with the fistula, as this can damage the access and affect hemodialysis treatments.

Keep the access site clean and dry: The client should keep the access site clean and dry.

Therefore, option (a), (b),(c) & (e) are correct.

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The question is incomplete. the complete question is:

A client with end-stage renal failure has an internal arteriovenous fistula in the left arm for vascular access during hemodialysis. what should the nurse instruct the client to do? select all that apply.

a) Protect the fistula from trauma or pressure

b) Monitor the fistula site for signs of infection or bleeding

c) Avoid blood draws or IV insertions in the affected arm

d) Avoid hand exercises to prevent damaging the fistula

e) Keep the access site clean and dry

As teeth are closed into the intercuspal position, the final movement of the mandible is directed by the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

The TMJ is a complex joint that involves the articulation of the condyle of the mandible with the temporal bone of the skull. The movement of the mandible during the closing of the teeth is the result of the action of the muscles that attach to the mandible and the surrounding structures of the TMJ, such as the articular disc and ligaments. The coordinated contraction of these muscles and the positioning of the articular disc help to ensure the proper functioning of the TMJ during the movement of the mandible.

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UVJ's & IVD Fissuring- by 40-50 yrs, the nucleus & posterior annulus are usually completely fissured; only the anterior annulus & spinal ligaments remain intact.

By 40-50 years, the nucleus and posterior annulus are usually completely fissured in the intervertebral disc (IVD). Only the anterior annulus and longitudinal ligaments remain intact. This process occurs as a result of age-related degenerative changes in the spinal discs.

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The most common clinical presenting complaints in patients with platelet dysfunction disorders is bleeding or bruising that is spontaneous or excessive.

Platelet dysfunction disorders are conditions that affect the function of platelets, which are blood cells responsible for clotting and preventing bleeding. These disorders can result in abnormal bleeding or bruising, and may present with various clinical symptoms.

This may include easy bruising, prolonged or excessive bleeding from minor cuts or injuries, nosebleeds, heavy or prolonged menstrual periods, bleeding gums, or blood in the urine or stools

Patients with platelet dysfunction disorders may also present with bleeding into joints, muscles, or internal organs, which can cause pain, swelling, and other associated symptoms.

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When assessing a dark-skinned client for inflammation in a painful and itching area on the lower left leg, the nurse should look for warmth, redness, swelling, and tenderness.

Assessing for inflammation in dark-skinned clients can be challenging because the usual signs of inflammation, such as redness and warmth, may be difficult to detect due to the increased melanin in the skin. However, the nurse should still look for signs of inflammation, such as warmth, redness, swelling, and tenderness, as these are important indicators of the body's response to injury or infection.

The nurse can use a light source, such as a flashlight or penlight, to check for skin color changes and areas of erythema. The nurse should also palpate the area carefully, looking for any areas of tenderness or swelling. Accurate assessment of skin inflammation in dark-skinned clients is essential for early detection and prompt treatment of any underlying conditions.

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The statement “The nurse researcher can use CINAHL to search for relevant information published in 1975” is true because of a comprehensive database of nursing and allied health literature.

CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) is a comprehensive database of nursing and allied health literature, which indexes and abstracts articles from more than 5,400 journals, including those published as far back as 1937.

Therefore, the nurse researcher can use CINAHL to search for relevant information published in 1975. However, it is important to note that not all journals or articles from 1975 may be included in the database, so it is important to check the coverage of the database and also to use other sources to ensure a comprehensive search, the statement is true.

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A corneal ulcer is an open sore on the surface of the cornea that can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma. Treatment for a traumatic corneal ulcer typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the injury and preventing further damage.

Some possible treatment options for a traumatic corneal ulcer include:

An eyelid laceration is a cut or tear in the skin or tissue of the eyelid. Treatment for an eyelid laceration typically involves stopping any bleeding, cleaning the wound, and repairing the tissue to promote healing and reduce the risk of infection.

Some possible treatment options for an eyelid laceration include:

In some cases, a tetanus shot may also be recommended, especially if the injury was caused by a dirty or contaminated object. It's important to seek medical attention as soon as possible if you have a corneal ulcer or eyelid laceration to prevent further damage and promote healing.

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