The elite military and government units of the Ottoman Empire were called the

Massachusetts responded to Shays's Rebellion with the dispatch of armed militiamen. Shays's Rebellion was an armed uprising that occurred in Massachusetts between 1786 and 1787, led by Daniel Shays, a former American Revolutionary War captain.

The rebellion was fueled by a combination of economic difficulties, including high taxes and debt, and political grievances, including the state's refusal to issue paper currency or provide debt relief.

The rebels, who were mostly farmers and rural workers, sought to close the courts and prevent the foreclosure of farms and homes.

In response, the Massachusetts government called up the state militia to put down the rebellion.

The militia, led by General Benjamin Lincoln, engaged the rebels in several skirmishes, ultimately quelling the uprising.

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The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Indian Mutiny, began with the group of Sepoys.

Sepoys were Indian soldiers who served in the British Indian Army. They were primarily recruited from the Hindu and Muslim populations of India and were trained and equipped by the British.

The rebellion began in May 1857, when sepoys stationed in the town of Meerut refused to use new cartridges that were suspected to be greased with animal fat, which was against their religious beliefs.

This sparked a wider revolt among the sepoys, who were joined by various groups, including peasants, nobles, and some members of the middle class.

The rebellion was a significant challenge to British rule in India and was ultimately unsuccessful, leading to the establishment of direct British rule over India.

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The concept of the ready-made was introduced by Marcel Duchamp, a French artist who challenged the traditional notion of art in the early 20th century. The correct option is D

Duchamp's ready-mades were everyday objects that he selected and presented as art. The idea was to question the role of the artist in the creation of art and to challenge the value and meaning of art objects. Duchamp's most famous ready-made was a porcelain urinal that he signed with a pseudonym and titled "Fountain".

The piece sparked controversy and challenged the art world's conventional ideas about what constitutes art. The ready-made concept has since influenced and inspired many artists, including Louise Nevelson, who incorporated found objects into her sculptures.

Constantin Brancusi, a Romanian sculptor, also experimented with the ready-made concept in his own way by using natural materials such as stone and wood to create abstract forms.

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Rabbani and his jurisdiction implemented a number of changes during his time as President of Afghanistan from 1992-1996. One of the most significant changes was the implementation of Islamic law, or sharia, as the basis for the country's legal system.

This included the establishment of Islamic courts and the imposition of strict punishments for crimes such as theft and adultery. Rabbani also made efforts to modernize the country's infrastructure, including the construction of roads and schools.

He also worked to establish diplomatic relations with other countries, including Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. However, Rabbani's rule was marked by ongoing conflict and instability, as various factions vied for power and control over the country.

In 1996, the Taliban overthrew Rabbani's government and established their own regime based on a strict interpretation of Islamic law.

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Two effects of the arms race between the United States and the USSR were: increased military spending and heightened tensions between the two superpowers.

During the Cold War, both the US and the USSR engaged in an arms race to develop and build up their military capabilities, including nuclear weapons. This led to a significant increase in military spending, as both sides invested heavily in new weapons technology, research and development, and military infrastructure.

The arms race contributed to a significant drain on resources and funding, as governments devoted large portions of their budgets to the military rather than other areas such as education or healthcare.

In addition, the arms race also led to heightened tensions between the US and the USSR. The two superpowers engaged in a competitive struggle for power and influence, with each side seeking to outdo the other in military might.

This led to a series of proxy wars, such as the Korean War and the Vietnam War, as well as a number of diplomatic crises, including the Cuban Missile Crisis. The arms race ultimately contributed to a period of heightened global instability, with the threat of nuclear war looming large over the international community.

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Complete question:

Identify at least two effects of the arms race between the United States and the USSR.

Alexander III made several changes to the legal system in Russia. One of the most significant changes was the creation of a new court system, which included district and circuit courts, as well as a court of cassation.

He also introduced a new law code, which aimed to clarify and simplify the legal system, and established new rules for trials and appeals.

Additionally, he increased the power of the police and secret police, giving them greater authority to suppress political dissent and maintain order. These changes helped to centralize and strengthen the legal system in Russia, but also contributed to the growth of authoritarianism and the suppression of civil liberties.

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Poor U.S. households today are more likely to own a refrigerator, air-conditioner, and dishwasher than the average household was in 1970.

This is due to several factors including advances in technology, changes in consumer behavior, and government programs aimed at improving living conditions for low-income families. In the past few decades, appliances have become more affordable and energy-efficient, making them more accessible to lower-income households.

Additionally, changes in consumer behavior have led to a greater emphasis on home ownership and home improvement, which has resulted in more households investing in appliances that can improve their quality of life.

Finally, government programs like the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) and the Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) have provided funding and resources for low-income households to upgrade their homes and appliances.

Overall, while poverty remains a major issue in the United States, the increasing availability of modern appliances has helped to improve the quality of life for many low-income households.

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The combination of the invention of the cotton gin, the profitability of cotton, and the expansion of slavery in the southern states all contributed to the rise of cotton as a major export from America in the 19th century.

Cotton became a major export from America in the 19th century, particularly after the invention of the cotton gin in 1793 by Eli Whitney. The cotton gin made it much easier and faster to separate cotton fibers from their seeds, increasing the efficiency of cotton production and lowering its cost.

By the mid-19th century, the United States had become the world's largest producer and exporter of cotton, with the vast majority of the crop grown in the southern states. Cotton was in high demand, both domestically and internationally, and it played a significant role in the economy of the southern states.

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One of Leo III's most significant legacies was his role in the Iconoclastic Controversy, which was a period of intense debate over use of religious icons in Byzantine worship.

The Iconoclastic Controversy was a conflict in the Byzantine Empire during the 8th and 9th centuries over the use of religious images, or icons. Iconoclasts, who were opposed to the use of icons, argued that they were idolatrous and violated the commandment against graven images. Iconophiles, who supported the use of icons, believed that they were necessary for religious devotion and were not themselves objects of worship. The controversy resulted in the destruction of many icons and led to the deposition of several emperors who supported iconoclasm. Eventually, iconoclasm was rejected, and the veneration of icons became a central feature of Orthodox Christianity. The controversy also contributed to the schism between the Eastern and Western churches in 1054.

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In the Byzantine Empire, monks and nuns played a crucial role in the religious and social life of the community.

They were responsible for preserving and promoting the Christian faith, and often served as teachers and spiritual advisors. Monks also engaged in scholarly pursuits, such as copying and preserving ancient texts, and developing new theological and philosophical ideas.

Nuns were often involved in charitable work, such as caring for the sick and poor, and running orphanages and hospices. Additionally, both monks and nuns were often called upon to provide counsel to the ruling class, and their opinions were highly valued in matters of state.

Overall, monks and nuns were seen as important contributors to the spiritual and cultural life of the Byzantine Empire.

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Friedrich Nietzsche was a German philosopher who was associated with the Romantic movement.

Nietzsche's importance as an irrationalist philosopher lay in that, while his early influences are to be found in Romanticism, he founded a modern irrationalism antithetical to that of the Romantics.

The works of Nietzsche can be divided into three distinct time periods. The Romantic worldview, influenced by Schopenhauer and Wagner, predominates in the early works.

Nietzsche frequently came to be identified with the Romantic movement in his later attempts to "cure himself" of all romanticism.

Yet, because of Nietzsche's own efforts to reveal romanticism's weaknesses, which became one of his main critical purposes beginning with his aphoristic phase, the less significant but more intriguing topic of whether he is a romantic has eclipsed the issue of his relationship to romanticism.

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Britain had full control over all of India trade. Therefore, correct option is d). Full.  

Yes, Britain had full control over all of India trade. To clarify, during the colonial period, the British East India Company established its dominance in India and exercised full control over the country's trade, including exports and imports. This control allowed Britain to benefit greatly from India's resources and wealth.

In 1869, the beginning of the Suez Canal increased the British authority over India’s foreign trade. Therefore, correct option is d). Britain had "full" control over all of India's trade.

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The familiars of the Inquisition get answers from the people by making their presence known, allowing locals the chance to confess their sins.

Confessions were punished with anything from a beating to a pilgrimage. Those who were suspected of heresy were made to testify.

This is the way they got answers from the people they questioned.

6. What happened to people in Spain who continued to practice Judaism?

- Jews, Muslims, and Protestants in Spain were forced into conversion, banished from Spain, or put to their end.

The Inquisition extended to further regions of Europe and the Americas. Hence, the people in Spain were treated cruelly.

7. How did Rifqa's family respond to inquisition ?

-In response to the Inquisition, Rifqa, her parents, and her brothers Nathan and Saul fled to Russia in an effort to join the three elder boys who had been residing in America.

8. You have learned about the history of Iberian Peninsula in multiple lessons. Using what you have learned, explain the major issues and the surrounding environment that created these issues. Be sure to include people, events  and important dates in your explanation.

- Some major issues with Iberian peninsula are-

Iberia is one of the regions in Europe most likely to suffer severely from extreme climate change in industries that directly depend on precipitation and warmth, such agriculture and water supply.

- According to a case study, some of the issues that were highlighted were-

Some major events that affected Iberia-

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Answer:

The answer is B. They controlled how much gold was available for trade.

Explanation:

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In the densely populated region of West Africa, several diverse governments and independent communities rejected colonization. An important example of armed resistance was the Mandinka state, which was governed by Samori Ture.

Colonialism was resisted in the heavily populated region of West Africa by a number of different governments and autonomous groups. The Mandinka polity under Samori Ture's control serves as an important example of armed resistance. Despite not being a trained religious figure like many other resistance leaders, the rebel commander known as Samori was a Muslim. He did not receive a kingdom as well. Instead, he started from scratch to build the Wassoulou Empire.

Colonialism has long-lasting effects and both supported and exercised authoritarian rule over indigenous people. There were several methods to fight back. Other kinds of resistance outside the violent/nonviolent continuum include the call for freedom and equality, religious disagreement, labor & economic organizing, mass protests, and war.

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The first step for him to take is to research plastic pollution  to know more about plastic waste Therefore the correct option is  C.

Plastic pollution is a global problem, impacting the health of our environment and its species. Plastic has been around for over 100 years, yet it takes centuries to degrade and never fully disappears. It enters our ecosystems in multiple ways, with the most common being from land-based sources and marine vessels.

This form of pollution poses major threats on wildlife due to long-term impacts such as entanglement and ingestion. In addition, plastic can transport invasive species by attaching itself to organism that unknowingly transfer it from one ecosystem to another.

Hence the correct option is C

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Answer:

A. King John's failures led the barons to demand limitations of his power, which ultimately led to the creation of the Magna Carta.

Explanation:

trust

Perseverance and the capacity to overcome challenges are the poem's central themes.

The poem "The Rose That Grew From Concrete" by Tupac Shakur tells the story of a rose surviving and thriving in the concrete jungle despite numerous challenges. The poem's main theme is the power of endurance and resiliency in the face of hardship.

Tupac poses the question, "Did you hear about the rose that bloomed from a crack in the concrete," in the opening line of the first stanza. The scene for the poetry is now formed, with the rose serving as a metaphor for human adaptability.

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The status of wealthy Roman women differed from that of most Greek women in the Classical Age in several ways i.e., wealthy families, social mobility, education and marriage.

Firstly, Roman women, particularly those from wealthy families, enjoyed a greater degree of legal and economic independence compared to their Greek counterparts.

Roman women could own and manage property, initiate divorce, and engage in business transactions, whereas Greek women generally could not.

Secondly, wealthy Roman women were often more involved in public life and had greater social mobility.

They could attend public events, such as theater performances and religious ceremonies, and even had some influence in political matters, albeit indirectly.

In contrast, Greek women, particularly those in Athens, were primarily restricted to the domestic sphere and had limited participation in public life.

Thirdly, the education of wealthy Roman women was typically more comprehensive than that of Greek women. Roman women received formal education, including subjects like literature, philosophy, and sometimes even rhetoric.

Greek women, on the other hand, were primarily educated in domestic skills and rarely received formal education.

Lastly, Roman women had the opportunity to attain higher social status through marriage.

If a Roman woman married a man of high social standing, she would also gain a higher social status, something that was not possible for Greek women, as their social status remained tied to their birth family.

In summary, wealthy Roman women generally enjoyed greater legal, economic, and social independence, more involvement in public life, better education,

and opportunities to elevate their social status through marriage, compared to Greek women in the Classical Age.

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Tony Taylor is mad because Lige Moss interrupts "the one speech of his lifetime," which was being made to welcome the Starks couple to Eatonville.

Their Eyes Was on God is a 1937 novel by American author Zora Neale Hurston. It is considered a classic of the Harlem Renaissance and is Heston's most famous work. The novel explores the transformation of Jenny Crawford's protagonist "from a young but quiet woman to a woman who touches her own destiny". The response in south-central Florida in the early 20th century was initially negative. However, it is thought to have influenced African-American literature and women's literature since the end of the 20th century.

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Imperialism is historical phenomenon characterized by the expansion of a nation's power and influence through acquisition of territories and the subjugation of other peoples.

Imperialism is a political and economic system in which a powerful nation-state seeks to exert control over other countries or territories through the use of military, economic, and cultural power. Imperial powers often justify their actions as a way of bringing civilization, modernization, or democracy to less developed regions, but in reality, their primary goal is to extract resources and exploit labor to benefit their own economy and society. Imperialism can have a devastating impact on the colonized nations, leading to the displacement and exploitation of indigenous peoples, the destruction of local economies and cultures, and the suppression of political and social freedoms. It has been a significant force in shaping the modern world, both in terms of its legacies and ongoing impact.

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Japan violated the League of Nations in 1931 when it invaded Manchuria.

The League's chief weapon, economic sanctions, was ineffective.

Japan, ruled by a reactionary Emperor under the influence of generals with expansionist ambitions, simply ignored the League's demand that it leave China and instead withdrew from the League.

The best description of the Columbian Exchange is the transfer of peoples, diseases, plants, and animals between the New and Old Worlds.

The Columbian Exchange, which began after Christopher Columbus' discovery of the Americas, was a significant period of cultural and biological exchanges between the Old World (Europe, Asia, and Africa) and the New World (the Americas).

This exchange involved the transfer of various plants, animals, diseases, and human populations across the Atlantic Ocean, leading to profound changes in both regions.

European explorers brought crops, animals, and technologies to the Americas, while they took back new crops, animals, and other resources to the Old World.

However, one of the most significant and devastating aspects of the Columbian Exchange was the transmission of diseases, such as smallpox, from Europeans to Native American populations, which resulted in significant population decline among the native peoples.

In summary, the Columbian Exchange best refers to the transfer of peoples, diseases, plants, and animals between the New and Old Worlds, rather than the other options provided in the question.

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Alexander III was deemed to be a tougher Tsar than his father, Alexander II, due to several factors,

including his policies, response to opposition, and personal beliefs.

Firstly, Alexander III implemented repressive policies aimed at strengthening autocracy and maintaining control over the Russian Empire. These policies, known as the "counter-reforms," included increased censorship, limiting the powers of local governments, and promoting the "Russification" of the empire, which suppressed the rights and culture of non-Russian ethnic groups.

In contrast, Alexander II pursued a more liberal agenda, implementing significant reforms such as the emancipation of serfs in 1861.

Secondly, Alexander III adopted a more forceful approach to opposition. He believed in absolute power and saw any form of dissent as a threat to his authority. In response to the assassination of his father by radical group The People's Will,

he cracked down on political opponents, strengthening the security forces and suppressing revolutionary movements. Alexander II, on the other hand, was more willing to engage with reformist groups and listen to their demands.

Lastly, Alexander III's personal beliefs and upbringing played a role in his tougher approach. He was educated by conservative tutors who instilled in him a deep sense of duty and a strong belief in autocracy.

As a result, he was resistant to change and skeptical of reforms, unlike his father who was more open to liberal ideas.

In conclusion, Alexander III was deemed a tougher Tsar than his father due to his repressive policies, forceful response to opposition, and conservative personal beliefs.

These factors led to an overall more authoritarian and uncompromising approach to governance during his reign.

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To secure commercial rights and uphold national honor

When the police questioned the young boy about where he lived, they were finally able to pinpoint his neighborhood by asking him for details about his surroundings and landmarks he could identify in the area.

The police might have also used maps or consulted with locals to narrow down the potential neighborhoods until they found the one that matched the boy's description. Additionally, the police might have checked public records or asked the boy's parents or guardians for information that could help them locate the neighborhood. Once they had a general idea of the area, they likely went door to door or asked people on the street if they recognized the boy or knew where he lived until they were able to find his specific address.

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When citing the example of Miss Ellen Collins and improvements to the Water Street houses, Jacob Riis advocated for a solution involving private enterprise rather than charity. Collins believed in encouraging private enterprise to build better housing, which was a contrast to many other social reformers who advocated for government intervention and charity.

When Jacob Riis cited the example of Miss Ellen Collins and improvements to the Water Street houses, he advocated for a solution that involved private enterprise rather than charity.

Miss Collins was a social reformer who worked with landlords and builders to improve living conditions for the urban poor. Rather than relying on charity or government intervention, she believed that the best way to improve the lives of the poor was to encourage private enterprise to build better housing.

She worked with builders to create model tenements that were clean, well-ventilated, and affordable. This approach was in contrast to many of the other social reformers of the time, who advocated for government intervention and charity as the best ways to address poverty and housing issues.

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The reason violence flared up in the Hudson River Valley during the 1750s and 1760s was mainly due to tenants challenging elite landlords over evictions and Native Americans burning settler homes over land issues.

In the mid-18th century, tensions arose between tenant farmers and elite landlords in the Hudson River Valley. Landlords often held large tracts of land and leased them to tenant farmers, who were subject to high rents and strict contracts.

Many tenants felt exploited and began to challenge the landlords over evictions, leading to violence and unrest.

At the same time, Native Americans in the region were increasingly resentful of the continued expansion of European settlers into their territories.

As settlers encroached on Native American lands, tensions grew, and Native Americans began to burn settler homes in retaliation for land disputes. This contributed to the overall atmosphere of violence and conflict during this period.

The other options mentioned, such as African-American slaves confiscating white-owned plantations and the Spanish royal government sending troops against British colonial tax evaders, were not the primary causes of the violence in the Hudson River Valley during the 1750s and 1760s.

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Answer:

More Black men were elected to public office.

Explanation:

More than 1,000 African American schools were built and staffed with qualified instructors.