Sole proprietors are not considered employees of their business and are not liable for payroll taxes. Instead, sole proprietors pay self-employments tax on their business profits. This tax is composed of Social Security and Medicare taxes, which are the same taxes that are withheld from the paychecks of employees.
The self-employment tax applies to any net earnings from self-employment. The net earnings are calculated by subtracting all business expenses from the total gross income of the business. The self-employment tax rate is currently 15.3%, with 12.4% of the rate going to Social Security and the remaining 2.9% going to Medicare.
Unlike employees, who split the tax burden with their employer, sole proprietors are solely responsible for the entire 15.3% self-employment tax. This tax is generally lower than the total payroll tax an employee would pay, but higher than the payroll taxes paid by an employer.
Sole proprietors must also pay federal income tax on their net earnings from self-employment. The tax rate for sole proprietors is the same as for other taxpayers and depends on their income level. In addition, some states and localities levy their own income taxes on sole proprietors.
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essay question: How does the reader know war is coming?
One of the most common ways the reader can tell that war is coming is through foreshadowing. Foreshadowing is a literary technique in which the author provides hints or clues about events later in the narrative.
The correct answer is foreshadowing.
These hints may be explicit or implicit and can be conveyed through various means, including dialogue, imagery, and symbolism. In works that deal with the theme of war, foreshadowing is often used to create a sense of tension and anticipation as the reader becomes increasingly aware of the likelihood of conflict.
Foreshadowing can also help to create a sense of realism and coherence in a narrative, as it helps to tie together seemingly unrelated events and actions.
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Which type of libel typically involves accusations of criminal activity, unethical activity or practice, unprofessional behavior and/or immoral actions?
The sort of libel that usually contains claims of criminal behaviour, unethical activity or practise, unprofessional attitude, and/or immoral activities is called "defamation per se."
The correct answer is defamation per se.
The term "defamation per se" refers to a type of libel considered so inherently harmful that it is automatically presumed to have caused damage to the plaintiff's reputation without any need for further proof of actual harm. In defamation per se cases, the plaintiff may be entitled to recover damages without proving actual harm, making it easier for plaintiffs to pursue legal action against defamatory statements.
However, it is still necessary to prove that the statement was false and made with a degree of fault, such as negligence or actual malice, depending on the circumstances of the case.
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Whic foreign policy did American leaders follow in response to these events?
American leaders followed a policy of containment in response to the events you mentioned. Containment aimed to prevent the spread of communism by limiting its influence to already-established regions.
This approach was developed during the Cold War, primarily by George F. Kennan. The policy guided American foreign policy in various instances, such as the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the Korean War. By providing economic and military aid to countries threatened by communism, the United States sought to maintain a balance of power and protect its global interests. Containment remained a significant aspect of U.S. foreign policy throughout the Cold War era.
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The role of an administrative agency is that of _______.
A) enforcement and elaboration of laws passed by Congress
B) passing legislation
C) judicial control
D) enforcing rules or statutes only according to presidential directives
The role of an Administrative agency is that of enforcement and elaboration of laws passed by Congress. The correct answer is option A.
These agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), are responsible for carrying out the laws and regulations established by Congress. They have the authority to create rules and guidelines that further clarify the implementation of these Laws.
Administrative agencies also have the power to investigate and enforce violations of these laws and regulations through Penalties, fines, or other measures. They play a crucial role in the regulatory process and ensure that laws are being followed and enforced to protect the public interest.
Therefore, The correct answer is option A. Enforcement and elaboration of laws passed by Congress.
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A owns Blackacre because true owners cannot be tacked together. Thus, the statute of limitations starts in 1994, and B lost possession in 2004.
Why? We'd rather favor the earning principle, than the sleeping.
In the given case, if A acquired ownership of Blackacre without privity between A and B, then B's period of possession cannot be tacked onto A's period of possession for the purposes of adverse possession.
The principle of adverse possession is based on the notion that a person who uses and maintains property for a certain period of time should be allowed to claim ownership of the property, even if they do not have legal title to it.
This principle is sometimes referred to as the earning principle because adverse possessors are seen to have earned ownership of the property through their use and maintenance of it.
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T/F Neither a lay nor expert witness may testify that the defendant is correct and should win.
A lay or expert witness is not permitted to state that the defendant is right and should win. This statement is false.
Both a lay witness and an expert witness may testify that the defendant is correct and should win, but their testimony must be based on their personal knowledge or expertise and be relevant to the case.
A lay witness is someone who does not have specialized knowledge or expertise in a particular field but can testify about their observations or experiences related to the case. For example, a witness who saw a car accident can testify about what they saw.
An expert witness, on the other hand, is someone who has specialized knowledge or expertise in a particular field and can provide an opinion or analysis related to the case. For example, a medical expert can testify about the cause of a patient's injuries.
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Absolute privilege grants immunity in situations where:a. the defendant did not intend to cause harmb. public policy favors complete freedom of speech c. businesses stand to lose moneyd. all of the specific choicese. none of the other specific choices
Absolute privilege protects certain crucial forms of communication from being stifled by the possibility of liability and gives immunity in cases when public policy favors complete freedom of speech.
The public interest in the free flow of information and speech in these contexts is promoted by reserving absolute privilege for only the most essential types of speech, such as declarations made during legal proceedings or by legislators while performing their official duties.
Absolute privilege is a limited defense that does not depend on the defendant's intent and may be used even when the defendant acted maliciously or knew their claims to be untrue.
Hence, the correct option is B.
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Illegal wire tapping is an intrusion into a person's solitude and an example of the tort of:a. negligenceb. invasion of solitude c. invasion of privacy d. batterye. false imprisonment
Illegal wiretapping is an example of the tort of invasion of privacy. It involves the intentional intrusion into someone's private affairs without their consent, which includes the interception and recording of their private conversations through wiretapping. Thus, option C is correct.
Invasion of privacy is a tort that involves the violation of a person's right to privacy. It occurs when someone intentionally interferes with another person's private affairs without their consent.
This interference can take various forms, including the disclosure of private information, the intrusion into someone's personal space, the publication of false and damaging information, or the use of someone's name or likeness for commercial purposes without permission.
Invasion of privacy can have serious consequences, including emotional distress, reputational harm, and financial losses. As a result, there are laws and regulations in place to protect individuals from this type of violation of their privacy rights.
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Tommy enters a lease with Hans, the landlord. The lease has no certain period and can be terminated by either Tommy or Hans. Tommy and Hans become friends and Tommy tells Hans he plans to continue renting from him for a long time. The next day, Tommy dies. Hans has a difficult time replacing the rent for the next 6 months from January to June. Hans wants to sue Tommy's estate for 6 months of rent. Can he?
Answer:
No, Hans cannot sue Tommy's estate for 6 months of rent. In this case, since the lease had no certain period and could be terminated by either party, it was a lease at-will. A lease at-will means that either party can terminate the lease at any time, for any reason or no reason at all, with proper notice. In the absence of a specific lease term, the lease is presumed to be at-will.
Even though Tommy and Hans became friends and Tommy expressed his intention to rent from him for a long time, there was no binding agreement to that effect. Therefore, Tommy was within his rights to terminate the lease at any time, even if he had not died.
Since the lease was at-will and Tommy had not breached the lease by failing to pay rent or violating any terms of the lease, Hans has no legal grounds to sue Tommy's estate for unpaid rent.
Explanation:
steven, a prosecutor, has decided to bring three other felony charges against brian, in addition to the burglary he was originally arrested for. what is he engaging in?
Steven, a prosecutor, has decided to bring three other felony charges against Brian, in addition to the burglary he was originally arrested for. He is engaging in Horizontal overcharging.
A single defendant is unfairly the target of a "horizontal" overcharging of accusations. Every technical criminal transaction in which he took part may result in a separate accusation being brought against him, or the prosecution could break up a single criminal transaction into several component charges.
In legal parlance, "tacking on" extra charges that the prosecutor is aware he cannot support is known as overcharging. It is used to give the prosecutor more leverage while negotiating a plea deal. All of the charges in cases of horizontal overcharging may be true, yet the defendant cannot be found guilty and sentenced on all of the charges. In order to reduce the number and severity of charges, the defense attorney should begin objecting to the overcharging as soon as they can.
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Appearance before Gov't bodies and Gov't Officials
When individuals or groups need to present their case or concerns to government bodies and officials, it is important to consider their appearance. Dressing appropriately and professionally can help convey a sense of respect for the authority and seriousness of the matter at hand.
However, it is also important to consider the specific cultural and social norms of the government body or officials being addressed. For example, some cultures may have specific dress codes or expectations for modesty. In addition to appearance, it is important to prepare thoroughly and have a clear and concise message. Practice beforehand to ensure that the presentation is effective and that any questions or concerns can be addressed with confidence.
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T devises $10,000 "to my cousin, Don Little, if and when he survives his wife."
What does Don Little have?
Based on the given statement, it can be inferred that Don Little has a wife, and the condition for him to receive the $10,000 is that he must outlive her.
In other words, if Don Little's wife passes away before him, he would be entitled to receive the inheritance.
It is important to note that the statement does not provide any information about Don Little's current marital status or the health of his wife.
Therefore, it is impossible to determine whether or not Don Little will eventually receive the inheritance. The conditions of the bequest will only be fulfilled if and when Don Little's wife passes away after the creation of the will.
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Giga Company paid $50,000 in salary to Mary in 2019. The employer payroll tax owed on Mary's salary is _________.
The employer payroll tax owed on Mary's salary of $50,000 in 2019 is determined by a combination of federal and state taxes. For federal taxes, Social Security and Medicare taxes are due at a rate of 7.65%, with each tax being split between the employer and employee.
The employer is responsible for paying 6.2% of Social Security taxes and 1.45% of Medicare taxes, totaling 7.65%. Additionally, the employer must pay federal unemployment taxes at a rate of 6.0%, with no money being paid by the employee.
At the state level, the employer is responsible for paying state unemployment taxes, which vary from state to state. The employer is also responsible for any applicable state income taxes, which are generally a percentage of the employee's wages.
For example, in the state of California, the employer must pay 6.2% of the employee's wages for state disability insurance and 1.45% for state unemployment insurance.
In total, the employer payroll tax owed on Mary's salary of $50,000 in 2019 is approximately 15.3%. This amount can vary slightly depending on the state in which Mary resides.
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A tort is:a. negligent injury that can result in fines or imprisonment for less than one year b. a criminal actc. a felonyd. a civil wrong not a breach of contract e. none of the other choices
A tort is a d. a civil wrong not a breach of contract
A tort is a legal wrong that causes harm to another person or their property. The victim of the tort may file a civil action to recover damages or compensation. Torts can result from a variety of deeds or omissions, such as strict responsibility, willful injury, and carelessness. Because they do not entail crimes against society that might result in penalties or imprisonment, torts are distinct from criminal conduct.
Torts also differ from felonies, which are serious offences subject to longer sentences of imprisonment. Even while certain torts carry monetary consequences, they are not by definition criminal acts. Furthermore, unlike contract breaches, which entail a failure to uphold contractual duties, torts are civil wrongs.
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T devises property "to A for life, and on A's death to A's children for their lives, and upon the death of A and A's children, to ["B's children"]." A and B survive T. A has one child, X, who also survives T.
T devises property “to A for life, and on A’s death to A’s children for their lives, and upon the death of A and A’s children, to B if A has no grandchildren then living.” A and B survive T. It is Invalid.
T devises property “to A for life, and on A’s death to A’s children for their lives, and upon the death of A and A’s children, to B if A has no grandchildren then living.” A and B survive T.
It is Invalid because it may not vest in interest until death of A’s children so cannot ascertain whether the condition precedent will be met until then and this is too remote so void.
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In Judaism, what is the "path to God" and to whom does it lie open?
In Judaism, the "path to God" is typically a lifelong spiritual and moral growth journey. It is guided by the study of Jewish scripture, tradition, and the observance of mitzvot and is open to all individuals, regardless of their background or station in life.
The ultimate goal of this journey is to cultivate a deep and personal relationship with God and to fulfil one's unique purpose in the world as a member of the Jewish community. However, it is believed that each person's journey will be unique and shaped by their talents, experiences, and challenges.
The process of seeking God is seen as a deeply personal and individualized experience that requires both intellectual engagement and emotional commitment. Throughout Jewish history, there have been many different approaches to the path to God, ranging from mysticism and contemplative prayer to ethical teachings and social action.
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X owns Lot 1 and Y owns the contiguous Lot 2. Neither X nor Y are in possession. Z purports to convey Lots 1 and 2 to A with an invalid deed. A enters Lot 1 and occupies it in the usual manner for statutory period. What is the likely outcome if A brings suit to quiet title against X and Y?
The outcome of the suit to quiet title would depend on the specific facts and legal requirements of the jurisdiction where the property is located.
If Z had no valid title to Lots 1 and 2, then the conveyance to A with an invalid deed would not have conveyed any valid interest in the lots to A. Therefore, A would not have any valid claim to the property against X and Y, who are the rightful owners of Lots 1 and 2, respectively.
However, if A entered Lot 1 and occupied it in a manner that satisfies the statutory requirements for adverse possession in the jurisdiction where the property is located, then A may be able to claim ownership of Lot 1 through adverse possession.
Adverse possession is a legal doctrine that allows someone who has occupied another person's property for a certain period of time, openly and continuously, and without the owner's permission, to claim ownership of the property.
If A can demonstrate that they have met the requirements for adverse possession, then they may be able to claim ownership of Lot 1 against X and Y. However, they would not be able to claim ownership of Lot 2, which is owned by Y.
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You have figured out the marginal cost and marginal benefit of buying an extra smoothie. In 2 to 3 sentences describe how you would use these measurements to make a decision that leaves you better off?
It would be logical to make the purchase if the marginal advantage of getting an extra smoothie outweighed the marginal expense.
How do you make judgements using marginal cost and marginal benefit?The marginal benefit and marginal cost both serve as markers for changes in a product's price or value. Marginal benefit impacts the consumer, whereas marginal cost affects the producer.
How can the optimal level of any activity be determined using marginal benefit and marginal cost?As long as marginal revenue equals marginal cost, an activity should be carried out, according to the fundamental principle of marginal analysis. Activities that result in a company's marginal costs being higher than its marginal revenue have a net negative benefit.
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Voir dire examination is used in connection with:
how is judicial review effective in protecting our civil liberties
Judicial review is an effective way of protecting our civil liberties, as it allows courts to review the laws and actions of the executive and legislative branches of government.
This means that if a law or action is found to be unconstitutional, the courts can declare it invalid and prevent it from being enforced. Judicial review is also an important check on the power of the government, as it ensures that the government cannot pass laws or take actions that violate the rights of individuals.
In this way, judicial review is an important tool for safeguarding the civil liberties of citizens, as it helps ensure that the government cannot violate the rights that are enshrined in the Constitution.
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TRUE/FALSE. An appellate court determines whether there has been reversible error.
The statement "an appellate court determines whether there has been reversible error" is true. An appellate court, also known as a court of appeals, is responsible for reviewing decisions made by lower courts, such as trial courts.
They ensure that the legal principles and procedures were applied correctly. One of the primary functions of an appellate court is to determine if there has been a reversible error in the lower court's proceedings. A reversible error is a mistake or misapplication of the law that has a significant impact on the outcome of the case.
If an appellate court finds a reversible error, it may reverse or modify the lower court's decision, which can result in a new trial or a change in the judgment. In some cases, the appellate court may find that the error was harmless and does not warrant a reversal or modification of the lower court's decision.
In order to determine if a reversible error has occurred, the appellate court will carefully review the records of the lower court proceedings, including transcripts, briefs, and other documents. This review process allows the appellate court to identify any errors in the application of the law or any violations of a defendant's rights that may have influenced the outcome of the case.
In conclusion, it is true that an appellate court's primary function is to determine whether there has been a reversible error in a lower court's proceedings. By reviewing the records of the case and ensuring that the correct legal principles and procedures were followed, the appellate court plays a crucial role in maintaining the fairness and integrity of the legal system.
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23/25
True or False: When you are the target, you should always directly confront
the offender.
True
False
Tort suits generally come from:a. customer carelessness or ignoranceb. unexpected instances of carelessness or bad behavior c. failure to plan for unexpected catastrophesd. natural disasterse. repeated failure to comply with industry regulations
Tort suits generally come from unexpected instances of carelessness or bad behavior. option (b)
A tort is a civil wrong that causes harm or injury to another person or property. Tort suits can arise from a wide range of circumstances, including accidents, intentional wrongdoing, and negligence. Negligence is the most common basis for tort claims and arises when a person or entity fails to exercise reasonable care, causing harm to another person.
Tort claims can also be based on intentional conduct, such as assault or battery, defamation, or false imprisonment. While failure to comply with industry regulations or planning for unexpected catastrophes may contribute to tort claims, the primary source of such claims is unexpected instances of carelessness or bad behavior.
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Do you think Hamilton was right? Is it necessary for us to give federal judges life terms?
The independence of judges from the executive branch of government is a key factor in protecting civil liberties.
This independence means that judges are not beholden to the government, and are therefore more likely to make decisions based solely on the law, without political pressure from the executive branch. This allows the judiciary to serve as a check on the power of the government and to protect civil liberties.
For example, if the executive branch were to pass a law that is in violation of constitutional rights, an independent judiciary would have the power to declare the law unconstitutional and thus protect those rights.
This independence also allows for judges to be impartial when ruling on cases, and to make decisions based on the facts and the law, rather than political considerations. In this way, the independence of the judiciary protects civil liberties and ensures that the government does not exceed its authority.
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a forensic lab report can prove to be of value to the legal system, even if a case never goes to trial, by facilitating:
A forensic lab report can prove to be of value to the legal system, even if a case never goes to trial, by facilitating plea bargaining.
A plea bargain is a legal arrangement in which the prosecution makes a concession to the defendant in return for a guilty or no contest plea from the defendant. This might imply that the defendant will admit guilt to one of the charges or to a lesser charge in exchange for the dismissal of more serious accusations, or it could imply that the defendant will admit guilt to the original criminal charge in exchange for a more lenient punishment.
A plea bargaining enables the two sides to avoid a protracted legal proceeding and could enable criminal offenders to escape the possibility of being found guilty at trial of a more severe charge. Plea negotiations are portrayed as a consensual trade that benefits both sides.
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Carl's neighbor writes a column for the local paper. One week he reveals Carl's drug abuse problems and Carl is subsequently fired from work. Carl will probably sue his neighbor for:a. invasion of privacy b. assaultc. batteryd. false imprisonment e. negligence
The correct option is . Carl will probably sue his neighbor for invasion of privacy.
Invasion of privacy occurs when someone intentionally intrudes into another person's private affairs or information without their consent, causing emotional distress or harm.
In this case, Carl's neighbor revealed Carl's drug abuse problems in a column for the local paper, which led to Carl being fired from work.
This disclosure of personal information without Carl's consent can be considered an invasion of privacy, as it has negatively affected his life and reputation.
Therefore, Carl has a valid reason to pursue legal action against his neighbor for invasion of privacy.
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give 2 examples of when the executive have breached the sub judice rule.
The sub judice rule is a legal principle that prohibits public commentary on cases that are currently being heard in court. It is designed to ensure a fair trial and to prevent any bias or undue influence on the outcome of the case.
An example of when the executive may have breached the sub judice rule is when they comment on an ongoing case in the media. This can be seen as an attempt to sway public opinion, which could in turn influence the outcome of the proceedings.
Another example of a breach of the sub judice rule is when the executive attempts to influence the court's ruling by making a statement in support of one of the parties involved in the case. This could be seen as interference in the judicial process and would be a violation of the sub judice rule.
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An ex of a slow-moving vehicle might be oversized vehicles on a step grade, farm equipment, a horse-drawn wagon
An example of a slow-moving vehicle might be oversized vehicles on a steep grade, farm equipment, or a horse-drawn wagon. All of these options are correct.
They each move at a slow pace due to their unique characteristics and purposes, making them distinct from faster, motorized vehicles. Oversized vehicles on a steep grade, such as large trucks or construction equipment, tend to move slowly due to their size and weight.
This makes it difficult for them to maintain speed while navigating uphill or downhill. Additionally, the drivers of these vehicles must exercise caution and control to avoid accidents or damaging the vehicle.
Farm equipment, such as tractors and combines, are specifically designed for agricultural tasks and typically have lower maximum speeds than other vehicles. They move at a slow pace to ensure proper performance and safety while working on farms.
In many cases, these vehicles are also required to travel on public roads, causing other drivers to adjust their speed accordingly. Horse-drawn wagons are another example of slow-moving vehicles. These wagons are propelled by one or more horses, which move at a slower pace than motorized vehicles.
Horse-drawn wagons were more common in the past but can still be seen today in rural areas, historical reenactments, or tourist attractions. Since these wagons rely on animal power, their speed is limited by the strength and endurance of the horses.
In summary, oversized vehicles on a steep grade, farm equipment, and horse-drawn wagons are all examples of slow-moving vehicles. They each move at a slow pace due to their unique characteristics and purposes, making them distinct from faster, motorized vehicles.
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Complete Question:
An example of a slow-moving vehicle might be
oversized vehicles on a step grade,farm equipment,a horse-drawn wagonall of the above are correcthow do judges acting like a pressure group mean they protect our civil liberties
Judges acting as a pressure group mean that they are taking a leadership role to protect civil liberties.
Judges are the guardians of our civil liberties and their role is to ensure that all citizens abide by the law and have their rights respected. They have the authority to interpret laws, hear cases, and issue rulings on the basis of the law. Through their decisions, judges can set precedents that can shape and protect civil liberties.
By interpreting the law in favour of protecting civil liberties, judges can set a legal precedent that serves to protect our rights. In addition, judges can use their influence to pressure government and other legal bodies to protect our civil liberties. By speaking out and standing up for our rights, judges can act as a powerful pressure group and help protect us from violations of our civil liberties.
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Assumption of risk is an affirmative defense, which means it must be:a. specifically raised by the defendant b. supported by at least two witnessesc. specifically raised by the plaintiffd. specifically raised before the case is brought to court e. none of the other choices
Assumption of risk is an affirmative defense, which means it must be specifically raised by the defendant. They should not be held liable for the plaintiff's injuries or damages, as the plaintiff knowingly and voluntarily assumed the risks associated with the activity in question.
An affirmative defense is a legal strategy used by the defendant to argue that even if the plaintiff's allegations are true, the defendant should not be held liable due to an additional set of circumstances or facts.
In the case of assumption of risk, the defendant claims that the plaintiff knowingly and voluntarily accepted the risks associated with a particular activity, and thus the defendant should not be held responsible for any injuries or damages suffered by the plaintiff.
To use this defense, the defendant must specifically raise the issue, as it is not automatically considered by the court. This means that the defendant needs to provide evidence showing that the plaintiff was aware of the risks involved and willingly chose to participate in the activity despite those risks.
The burden of proof falls on the defendant to show that the plaintiff assumed the risk. In summary, the assumption of risk as an affirmative defense must be specifically raised by the defendant to argue that they should not be held liable for the plaintiff's injuries or damages, as the plaintiff knowingly and voluntarily assumed the risks associated with the activity in question.
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