According to the physical changes, heating the solid sugar cubes caused melting and a physical change to occur.
Physical changes are defined as changes which affect only the form of a substance but not it's chemical composition. They are used to separate mixtures in to chemical components but cannot be used to separate compounds to simpler compounds.
Physical changes are always reversible using physical means and involve a change in the physical properties.They involve only rearrangement of atoms and are often characterized to be changes which are reversible.
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When 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene is treated with sodium hydroxide at 100ºC followed by protonation:
a) 2,4-dinitrophenol is formed via an addition-elimination nucleophilic aromatic substitution mechanism.
b) 2,4-dinitrophenol is formed via an elimination-additon nucleophilic aromatic substitution mechanism.
c) 3,5-dinitrophenol is formed via an elimination-addition nucleophilic aromatic substitution mechanism.
d) 3,5-dinitrophenol is formed via an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism.
e) 2,4-dinitrophenol is formed via an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism.
The correct answer is E) 2,4-dinitrophenol is formed via an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism.
In the presence of a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the dinitrophenol compound undergoes deprotonation to form a phenoxide intermediate. The phenoxide intermediate is nucleophilic and attacks the electrophilic nitro group, resulting in a substitution reaction.
The substitution reaction follows an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism, where the nitro group acts as the electrophile, and the phenoxide acts as the nucleophile. The attack of the phenoxide on the nitro group results in the formation of a new carbon-oxygen bond, and the loss of a nitrogen-oxygen bond, leading to the formation of 2,4-dinitrophenolate.
Finally, the protonation of the 2,4-dinitrophenolate intermediate by an acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), results in the formation of 2,4-dinitrophenol.Overall, the reaction involves an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism followed by protonation and results in the formation of 2,4-dinitrophenol.
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Which of these radioactive isotopes is more radioactive?
Half-lives vary:
Polonium-212 : 0.0000003 seconds
Uranium-238 : 4,500,000,000 years
Polonium-212 is considered to be much more radioactive than Uranium-238.
Polonium-212 is more radioactive than Uranium-238. This is because the shorter the half-life of a radioactive isotope, the more radioactive it is.
Polonium-212 has a half-life of only 0.0000003 seconds, which means that it decays extremely quickly, releasing a large amount of radiation in a short period of time.
In contrast, Uranium-238 has a much longer half-life of 4.5 billion years, which means that it decays much more slowly, releasing a smaller amount of radiation over a much longer period of time.
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the half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 billion years. if a rock contains only one-fourth of its original potassium-40, what is the age of the rock?
The negative sign indicates that the age of the rock is before the present time, which means the rock is estimated to be 2.6 billion years old.
The decay of radioactive isotopes is described by the following equation:
N(t) = N0 * (1/2)^(t / t1/2)
where:
N(t) = the amount of remaining radioactive substance after time t
N0 = the initial amount of radioactive substance
t1/2 = the half-life of the radioactive substance
We know that the half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 billion years. This means that every 1.3 billion years, the amount of potassium-40 in a sample is reduced by half.
If a rock contains only one-fourth of its original potassium-40, this means that the remaining amount of potassium-40 is 1/4 of the initial amount, or N(t) = 1/4 * N0.
Substituting this into the equation, we get:
1/4 * N0 = N0 * (1/2)^(t / t1/2)
Simplifying and solving for t, we get:
t = t1/2 * log2(1/4)t = 1.3 billion years * log2(1/4)t = 1.3 billion years * (-2)t = -2.6 billion years.
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45) Write a balanced equation to show the reaction of sulfurous acid with lithium hydroxide to form water and lithium sulfite.A) H2SO4(aq) + LiOH(aq) → H2O(l) + Li2SO4(aq)B) H2SO3(aq) + 2 LiOH(aq) → 2 H2O(l) + Li2SO3(aq)C) HSO3(aq) + LiOH(aq) → H2O(l) + LiSO3(aq)D) HSO4(aq) + LiOH(aq) → H2O(l) + LiSO4(aq)E) H2S(aq) + 2 LiOH(aq) → 2 H2O(l) + Li2S(aq)
The correct balanced equation for the reaction of sulfurous acid with lithium hydroxide to form water and lithium sulfite is: B) H2SO3(aq) + 2 LiOH(aq) → 2 H2O(l) + Li2SO3(aq).
Lithium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula LiOH. It can exist as anhydrous or hydrated, and both forms are white hygroscopic solids. They are soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. Both are available commercially. While classified as a strong base, lithium hydroxide is the weakest known alkali metal hydroxide.
Sulfurous acid (H2SO3) reacts with lithium hydroxide (LiOH) in a 1:2 ratio to produce water (H2O) and lithium sulfite (Li2SO3). The balanced equation ensures that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation.
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What is an example of two atoms with different electronegativites having NO NET dipole?
An example of two atoms with different electronegativities having no net dipole is when the atoms are arranged in a linear shape, and the molecule is symmetrical.
This means that the bond dipoles cancel each other out, resulting in no net dipole.
One example of this is carbon monoxide (CO). Carbon is less electronegative than oxygen, so there is a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge on the carbon atom.
However, because the molecule is linear, and the bond dipoles point in opposite directions, the dipole moments cancel each other out, resulting in a molecule with no net dipole moment.
Another example of two atoms with different electronegativities having no net dipole is when the molecule has a symmetric molecular shape, such as in the case of tetrachloromethane (CCl4).
In this molecule, carbon has a lower electronegativity than chlorine, leading to partial negative charges on the chlorine atoms and a partial positive charge on the carbon atom
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which pair of amino acids can have ionic intewhich pair of amino acids can form hydrogen bonds between their r groups?ractions?
Amino acids with charged side chains can form ionic interactions with each other, while amino acids with polar but uncharged side chains can form hydrogen bonds with each other. Therefore, the pairs of amino acids that can form ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds between their R-groups are different.
Pairs of amino acids that can form ionic interactions between their R-groups are:
Lysine (K) and glutamic acid (E)
Arginine (R) and aspartic acid (D)
Histidine (H) and glutamic acid (E) or aspartic acid (D)
Pairs of amino acids that can form hydrogen bonds between their R-groups are:
Serine (S) and threonine (T)
Glutamine (Q) and asparagine (N)
Tyrosine (Y) and serine (S) or threonine (T)
Note that some amino acids, such as cysteine (C) and methionine (M), do not form hydrogen bonds or ionic interactions with other amino acids due to the nonpolar nature of their R-groups. Additionally, some amino acids, such as glycine (G), do not have R-groups and cannot form these types of interactions.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. Assuming that the octet rule is not violated, draw the Lewis dot structure of FClO3 where there is an F-Cl bond. Chlorine has a formal charge of ____ in FClO3.A. +7B. +4C. +3D. 0E. -3
To draw the Lewis dot structure of FClO3, we first need to determine the total number of valence electrons in the molecule. Fluorine has 7 valence electrons, chlorine has 7, and oxygen has 6. There are three oxygen atoms, so that's a total of 18 electrons. The total number of valence electrons in FClO3 is:
7 (F) + 7 (Cl) + 18 (3 x O) + 1 (extra electron from F-) = 33
We then arrange the atoms in a way that satisfies the octet rule, meaning that all atoms (except hydrogen) should have 8 valence electrons around them. The central atom in this molecule is chlorine, which forms single bonds with each oxygen atom and one bond with fluorine. The Lewis dot structure of FClO3 with an F-Cl bond looks like this:
Cl: (7 valence electrons)
|
F - Cl - O
|
O O O
(6) (6) (6)
Each oxygen atom has a lone pair of electrons, which gives them each 8 valence electrons. Chlorine has 6 electrons around it (2 bonds and 2 lone pairs), so it has a formal charge of +1.
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PLEASE HELPPP ME IN CHEMISTRYYY! What does the hump in the middle of each energy diagram represent?
(endothermic and exothermic diagrams)
Answer:Activation Energy
Explanation:
HCNO(g) (fulminic acid) ⇌ HNCO(g) (isocyanic acid)A student claims that ∆S° for the reaction is close to zero. Explain why the student's claim is accurate.
The student's claim that ∆S° for the reaction HCNO(g) (fulminic acid) ⇌ HNCO(g) (isocyanic acid) is close to zero is accurate. This is because the two compounds, fulminic acid and isocyanic acid, have very similar structures and therefore have similar molecular complexities.
As a result, the change in entropy (∆S) between the reactants and products is minimal, which leads to a ∆S° value that is close to zero. Additionally, the reaction involves a simple rearrangement of atoms, which does not significantly affect the randomness or disorder of the system.
Therefore, the entropy change is minimal, and the student's claim is accurate.
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Determine the density of an object that has a mass of 149.8 g and displaces 12.1 mL of water when placed in a graduated cylinder.
Select one:
a. 11.4 g/mL
b. 8.08 g/mL
c. 1.38 g/mL
d. 18.1 g/mL
e. 12.4 g/mL
The formula for density is: density = mass/volume In this case, the mass of the object is given as 149.8 g, and the volume can be determined by measuring the volume of water displaced when the object is placed in a graduated cylinder, which is 12.1 mL. So, the density can be calculated as density = 149.8 g / 12.1 mL density = 12.4 g/mL Therefore, the correct answer is e. 12.4 g/mL.
To determine the density of an object with a mass of 149.8 g that displaces 12.1 mL of water when placed in a graduated cylinder, follow these steps:
1. Obtain the mass of the object (149.8 g).
2. Measure the volume of water displaced by the object using a graduated cylinder (12.1 mL).
3. Use the formula for density: density = mass/volume.
Now, let's calculate the density:
density = 149.8 g / 12.1 mL = 12.38 g/mL
Based on the given options, the closest answer is:
e. 12.4 g/mL
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The deterioration of metals by an electrochemical process is called . The metal is oxidized during this process.
The deterioration of metals by an electrochemical process is called corrosion. The metal is oxidized during this process, where electrons are lost and the metal becomes weaker and more prone to further corrosion.
Corrosion is a natural electrochemical process that can occur when metals are exposed to various environmental factors, such as air, water, or certain chemicals. During the process of corrosion, the metal surface begins deterioration due to oxidation, which involves the loss of electrons from the metal atoms. This loss of electrons is accompanied by the formation of metal ions, which can dissolve in water and further accelerate the corrosion process.
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Bonded Atoms: 6
Lone Pairs: 0
Electron Domain: 6
Ideal Bond Angle?
Hybridization?
Polar or NonPolar?
The molecule has six bonded atoms and no lone pairs, so its electron domain is six. The ideal bond angle would be 90 degrees. The hybridization is sp3d2. The polarity of the molecule depends on the geometry of the molecule
The molecule with six bonded atoms and no lone pairs has an electron domain of 6. The ideal bond angle for a molecule with six electron domains is octahedral, which corresponds to a bond angle of 90 degrees.
The hybridization of the central atom in this molecule is sp3d2, which involves the hybridization of one 3s, three 3p, and two 3d orbitals.
Whether the molecule is polar or nonpolar depends on the nature and position of the atoms bonded to the central atom. If the atoms are identical and are symmetrically arranged, then the molecule is nonpolar. However, if the atoms are different or if they are arranged asymmetrically, then the molecule is polar.
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ch 15 find the pH of .155M HClO2 solution. for HClO2 kA= .011
a. .92
b. 1.44
c. 1.39
.69
[tex]HClO_{2}[/tex] is a weak acid and partially dissociates in water to form H+ and [tex]ClO_2-[/tex]ions. The correct answer is option: c.
We need to use the equilibrium expression for the dissociation of [tex]HClO_2[/tex] and solve for the concentration of [tex]H_+[/tex] ions.
[tex]HClO2(aq) + H2O(l)[/tex] ⇌ [tex]H3O+(aq) + ClO2-(aq)[/tex]
Let x be the concentration of [tex]H_+[/tex] ions at equilibrium. Then the equilibrium concentration of[tex]HClO_2[/tex] will be (0.155-x) and the concentration of[tex]ClO_2-[/tex]will also be x.
Using the equilibrium expression for Ka, we get:
[tex]Ka = [H3O+][ClO2-]/[HClO2] = x^2/(0.155-x)[/tex]
Substituting the given value of Ka, we can solve for x:
[tex]0.011 = x^2/(0.155-x) \\x = 0.042 M[/tex]
Thus, the pH of the 0.155 M [tex]HClO_2[/tex] solution can be calculated using the formula:
[tex]pH = -log[H+] = -log(0.042) = 1.38[/tex]
Therefore, the pH of the solution is approximately 1.38, which is closest to option (c).
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29) In the mitochondrial matrix reactions, the original carbons in pyruvate
During the reactions in mitochondria, high-energy molecules such as ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are produced, which are later utilized in the electron transport chain to generate more ATP. This process allows the original carbons in pyruvate to be fully oxidized and used for energy production in the mitochondrial matrix reactions.
What happens to the carbon in pyruvate during reaction?In the mitochondrial matrix reactions, the original carbons in pyruvate are transformed through a series of reactions known as the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle. Here is a step-by-step explanation:
1. Pyruvate, a 3-carbon molecule, is transported into the mitochondrial matrix.
2. Pyruvate undergoes decarboxylation by pyruvate dehydrogenase, losing one carbon as CO2 and forming a 2-carbon molecule called acetyl-CoA.
3. Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate, a 4-carbon molecule, to form citrate, a 6-carbon molecule.
4. Citrate undergoes a series of reactions within the Krebs cycle, resulting in the release of two more CO2 molecules, one for each of the original carbons from pyruvate.
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11) Write the formula for copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate.A) Cu2SO3∙H5B) Cu2S∙H2OC) CuS∙5H2OD) (CuSO4)5E) CuSO4∙5H2O
The formula for copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate is CuSO₄·5H₂O. The answer is E)
Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate is a salt compound consisting of copper, sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms. The formula CuSO₄·5H₂O represents the compound's molecular structure, which consists of one copper (Cu) atom, one sulfur (S) atom, four oxygen (O) atoms, and ten hydrogen (H) atoms.
The "Cu" in the formula represents copper, which has a valency of 2 in this compound, indicated by the Roman numeral II in the name. The "SO₄" in the formula represents the sulfate ion, which consists of one sulfur atom and four oxygen atoms. The sulfate ion has a valency of 2- in this compound, balancing the 2+ charge of the copper ion.
The "5H₂O" in the formula represents the five water molecules that are chemically bound to the copper (II) sulfate molecule. These water molecules are called "water of hydration" and can be removed from the compound by heating it.
Thus, the formula CuSO₄·5H₂O represents copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate, a salt compound with a specific molecular structure.
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Calculate pH of an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride acid. Given the hydrogen ion concentration is 8.75×10-°M
The pH of the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride acid is approximately 0.96.
What is pH ?
pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a solution. It stands for "power of hydrogen" and is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in moles per liter (M) of solution: pH = -log[H+]
The pH of an aqueous solution can be calculated using the following formula:
pH = -log[H+]
Where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution.
In this case, the hydrogen ion concentration is given as 8.75×[tex]10^{-1}[/tex] M. So, substituting this value into the formula, we get:
pH = -log(8.75×[tex]10^{-1}[/tex] )
pH = -(-0.9588) (using a calculator)
pH = 0.9588
Therefore, the pH of the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride acid is approximately 0.96.
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with a pH of 7 being neutral. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic, while solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic (alkaline). Each pH unit represents a tenfold change in acidity or basicity. For example, a solution with a pH of 4 is ten times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 5.
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High-explosive (HE) bombs are classified according to their
High-explosive (HE) bombs are classified according to their weight, size, type of explosive material used, and their intended target.
How are bombs classified?High-explosive (HE) bombs are classified according to their composition, size, and intended use. They can be further categorized based on their delivery method, such as aerial bombs or artillery shells. HE bombs can also be classified by their fuzing system, which determines how and when the explosive charge will detonate. Common types of fuzing systems include impact fuzes, time fuzes, and proximity fuzes. Overall, the classification of HE bombs is important for military strategists to determine the most effective use of these weapons in various combat scenarios. These factors help determine the specific type and purpose of the HE bomb, allowing for effective deployment in various military operations.
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the geometry of the hybrid orbitals about a central atom with sp3d hybridization is: multiple choice linear trigonal planar tetrahedral bent trigonal bipyramidal
The geometry of the hybrid orbitals about a central atom with sp3d hybridization is trigonal bipyramidal.
Why geometry of the hybrid orbitals trigonal bipyramidal?When an atom undergoes sp3d hybridization, one s orbital, three p orbitals, and one d orbital hybridize to form five hybrid orbitals that are directed towards the five corners of a trigonal bipyramidal geometry.
The hybridization occurs in order to minimize the energy of the system and maximize the overlap of the orbitals, resulting in a stable and energetically favorable configuration.
The trigonal bipyramidal geometry consists of a central atom surrounded by five other atoms or electron pairs. The two axial positions are located along a straight line passing through the central atom, while the three equatorial positions are located in a plane perpendicular to the axial positions.
The five hybrid orbitals occupy these positions, with the two axial hybrid orbitals pointing directly towards the two axial positions and the three equatorial hybrid orbitals pointing towards the three equatorial positions.
Therefore, sp3d hybridization results in five hybrid orbitals that occupy the five positions of a trigonal bipyramidal geometry.
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A pharmacist needs to make a 25.0 liter of a 4.50 M solution of a substance. The stock solution of the substance is 11.5 M. How much stock and water must be mixed?
2.07 liters of stock and 25.0 liters of water
2.07 liters of stock and 22.93 liters of water
9.78 liters of stock and 25.0 liters of water
9.78 liters of stock and 15.22 liters of water
Answer:
9.78 liters of stock and 15.22 liters of water.
Explanation:
We can use the formula:
M1V1 = M2V2
where M1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final concentration, and V2 is the final volume.
We know that the final volume is 25.0 liters and the final concentration is 4.50 M. We also know the initial concentration is 11.5 M.
Let's solve for the initial volume of stock solution (V1):
M1V1 = M2V2
11.5 V1 = 4.50 (25.0)
V1 = (4.50 x 25.0) / 11.5
V1 = 9.78 liters
So the pharmacist needs to mix 9.78 liters of the 11.5 M stock solution with water to make a 25.0 liter 4.50 M solution.
The remaining volume must be water, so:
Volume of water = Total volume - Volume of stock solution
Volume of water = 25.0 - 9.78
Volume of water = 15.22 liters
Therefore, the answer is:
9.78 liters of stock and 15.22 liters of water.
Answer:
D) 9.78 liters of stock and 15.22 liters of water.
Explanation:
I took the test
which sugar could be transformed into fructose 6-phosphate if glucose and glucose phosphates were no longer available? a. galactose b. trehalose c. lactose d. mannose
The sugar that could be transformed into fructose 6-phosphate if Glucose and glucose phosphates were no longer available is Mannose. The correct answer is Option D. Mannose
Mannose is a monosaccharide, which means it is a single sugar unit. When glucose and glucose phosphates are not available, the body can use alternative sugar sources to maintain energy production. In this case, mannose can be converted into fructose 6-phosphate, which is an important intermediate in glycolysis, the process by which cells generate energy from sugars.
1. Mannose is taken up by cells via specific transporters.
2. Inside the cell, mannose is phosphorylated by the enzyme hexokinase, which adds a phosphate group to the 6-carbon position, forming mannose-6-phosphate.
3. Mannose-6-phosphate is then converted into fructose-6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphomannose isomerase.
Mannose can be converted into fructose 6-phosphate through a two-step process involving hexokinase and phosphomannose isomerase. This allows the body to continue generating energy through glycolysis even when glucose and glucose phosphates are not available.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D. Mannose
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in the bohr model of the atom, radiation is emitted whenever electrons:
a) change orbitals
b) undergo acceleration
c) move to orbits of lower energy
d) move to orbits of larger radius
In the Bohr model of the atom, radiation is emitted whenever electrons move to orbits of lower energy. The correct answer is option c.
This model, proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913, is an early description of atomic structure, specifically focusing on hydrogen atoms. It consists of a nucleus with protons and neutrons, and electrons orbiting around it in fixed energy levels called "shells" or "orbitals."
The energy levels in the Bohr model are quantized, meaning that electrons can only occupy specific orbits with distinct energy values. When an electron transitions from a higher energy level (higher orbital) to a lower energy level (lower orbital), it releases energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation, such as light or photons. This energy release is what causes the characteristic emission spectrum observed in hydrogen and other elements.
It's essential to note that while the Bohr model was revolutionary at the time and provided valuable insights into atomic structure and the behavior of electrons, it has since been superseded by the more accurate and comprehensive quantum mechanical model. The modern understanding of atomic structure and electron behavior is rooted in quantum mechanics and wave-particle duality, which explain phenomena that the Bohr model cannot account for.
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a chemist prepares 0.100 mol at a certain pressure and temperature in an expandable container. another 0.010 mol is then added to the same container. how must the volume be changed to keep the pressure and temperature the same?
According to ideal gas equation, volume must change by 0.5 factor to keep the pressure and temperature the same.
The ideal gas equation is a equation which is applicable in a hypothetical state of an ideal gas.It is a combination of Boyle's law, Charle's law,Avogadro's law and Gay-Lussac's law . It is given as, PV=nRT where R= gas constant whose value is 8.314.The law has several limitations.
Since there are two conditions before addition and after addition which is 0.1×RT/V=0.2×RT/V thus volume changes by factor of 0.5 which is pressure.
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3. what is an oxyacid? write the formulas of three acids that are oxyacids. write the formulas of three acids that are not oxyacids.
Oxyacids are a type of acid that contain oxygen atoms in addition to hydrogen and another element. They can be identified by their naming conventions, which typically include the endings "ic" or "ous". Examples of oxyacids include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid, while examples of non-oxyacids include hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, and formic acid.
These types of acids can be recognized by the "ic" or "ous" endings in their names.
Here are three examples of oxyacids:
These acids are all formed by combining hydrogen with a central element and oxygen.
On the other hand, here are three examples of acids that are not oxyacids:
These acids do not contain any oxygen atoms and are formed by combining hydrogen with non-metallic elements or organic compounds.
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HELP PLEASE CHEMISTRY
a. There are 0.1596 moles of NaCl in 0.3 L of NaCl stock solution.
b. There are 0.1596 moles of NaCl in 2.1 L of NaCl dilute solution.
c. The concentration of NaCl in the final solution is 0.076 M.
Give a brief account on molarity.Molarity is said to be the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. For example, when salt is dissolved in water, the salt becomes the solute and the water becomes the solution. Since, one mole of sodium chloride weighs 58.44 grams and dissolving 58.44 grams of NaCl in 1 liter of water makes a 1 molar solution, abbreviated as 1M.
c. Let's calculate the concentration of NaCl in the final solution:
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
M₁ = Initial concentration of NaCl (0.532 M)
V₁ = Initial volume of NaCl (0.3 L)
M₂ = Final concentration of NaCl
V₂ = Initial volume of NaCl (2.0 L)
0.532 × 0.3 = M₂ × 2.1
M₂ = (0.532 × 0.3)/2.1
M₂ = 0.076 M
a. To calculate number of moles in 0.3 L of NaCl stock solution.
Molarity = Mole of solute/Volume of solution
0.532 = Mole of NaCl/0.3
Mole of NaCl = 0.532×0.3
Mole of NaCl = 0.1596 mol
b. To calculate number of moles in 2.1 L of NaCl solution.
0.076 = Mole of NaCl/2.1
Mole of NaCl = 0.076×2.1
Mole of NaCl = 0.1596 mol
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fuel reserves in adipose tissue triacylglycerols, with their hydrocarbon-like fatty acids, have the highest energy content of the major nutrients. a. if 15% of the body mass of a 70.0 kg adult consists of triacylglycerols, what is the total available fuel reserve, in both kilojoules and kilocalories, in the form of triacylglycerols? recall that .
The total available fuel reserve, in both kilojoules and kilocalories is 398960.1 kJ.
What is mass ?
The amount of matter in a body is referred to as its mass. The kilograms is the kilograms, which is the SI unit of mass (kg). Mass is defined as: Mass = Density/Volume.
What is body?
Only organisms that are entirely or partially comprise it. The multicellular stage would be referred to as the "body" for them.
Body mass = 70 Kg = 70000 g
15% of 70000 g = 10500 g
energy value = 9.09 kcal/g = 37.99 kJ/g
one g will provide 9.09 kcal so 10500 g will provide = 95445 kcal
its value in kJ = 95445 x 4.18 = 398960.1 kJ
b) energy required to survive for one day = 8400 kJ
398960.1 kJ i the total energy present
Therefore total no of days he will survive = 398960.1 kJ/ 8400 kJ = 47.49
=48 days
C) energy required per day = 2000 kcal
energy value = 9.09 kcal/g
weight required for one day energy = 2000 kcal /9.09 kcal g-1
= 220.02 g
= 0.220 Kg
=0.485 pound
Therefore, The total available fuel reserve, in both kilojoules and kilocalories is 398960.1 kJ.
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Indicate whether the solutions having following concentration of ions are neutral acidic or basic [H+] = 4 × 10−9 M [OH-] = 1 × 10−7 M [OH-] = 7 × 10−13 M
1. The solution with [H+] = 4 × 10^-9 M and [OH-] = 1 × 10^-7 M is basic.
2. The solution with [OH-] = 7 × 10^-13 M is acidic.
To determine whether the solutions with the following concentrations of ions are neutral, acidic, or basic, we will compare the concentrations of [H+] and [OH-] ions in each solution:
1. [H+] = 4 × 10^-9 M
[OH-] = 1 × 10^-7 M
In this solution, the concentration of [OH-] ions is greater than the concentration of [H+] ions. Therefore, this solution is basic.
2. [OH-] = 7 × 10^-13 M
To find the corresponding [H+] concentration, we can use the ion product of water (Kw), which is:
Kw = [H+] × [OH-]
At 25°C, Kw = 1 × 10^-14
So, we can calculate [H+] as follows:
[H+] = Kw / [OH-]
[H+] = (1 × 10^-14) / (7 × 10^-13)
[H+] ≈ 1.43 × 10^-2 M
In this solution, the concentration of [H+] ions is greater than the concentration of [OH-] ions. Therefore, this solution is acidic.
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how many moles of TiCl4 are there in 12.5g of titanium (IV) chloride?
The number of moles of TiCl4 present in 12.5g of titanium (IV) chloride is approximately 0.066 moles.
To find the number of moles of TiCl4 in 12.5g of titanium (IV) chloride, we have to follow these steps:
1. Determine the molar mass of TiCl4.
The molar mass of titanium (Ti) is 47.87 g/mol, and the molar mass of chlorine (Cl) is 35.45 g/mol. Since there are 4 chlorine atoms in TiCl4:
Molar mass of TiCl4 = 47.87 + (4 × 35.45) = 47.87 + 141.8 = 189.67 g/mol
2. Calculate the number of moles.
Use the formula: moles = mass / molar mass
Number of moles of TiCl4 = 12.5 g / 189.67 g/mol ≈ 0.066 moles
So, there are approximately 0.066 moles of TiCl4 in 12.5g of titanium (IV) chloride.
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What is the molecularity of step 1 in the proposed mechanism?Step 1 CI + O3 → CIO + O2 Step 2 CIO + O3 + CI+ 202 A) unimolecularB) bimolecularC) termolecularD) tetramolecularE) Cannot be determined with the given information
The proposed mechanism for this reaction involves two steps:
Step 1: CI + O3 → CIO + O2
Step 2: CIO + O3 + CI+ 202
The molecularity of a step in a reaction mechanism is the number of reactant particles involved in the step.
In step 1, one CI molecule and one O3 molecule collide to form one CIO molecule and one O2 molecule. Therefore, the molecularity of step 1 is (B) bimolecular.
In step 2, three reactant particles (CIO, O3, and CI+) collide to form two product molecules (202). Therefore, the molecularity of step 2 is (C) termolecular.
Overall, the proposed mechanism involves a bimolecular step followed by a termolecular step.
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What are the formula weights of (a) KBr and (b) PbCO3 in (amu) OFW of KBr - 207.00 amu ; FW of PbCO3 - 267.21 amu OFW of KBr - 119.00 amu :FW of PbCO, -267.21 amu OFW of KBr - 77.54 amu :FW of PCO, - 167.21 amu OFW of KBr = 19.00 amu :FW of PHCO3 = 67.12 amu
The formula weights of the compounds are as follows :
(a) To find the formula weight of KBr, we will add the atomic weights of potassium (K) and bromine (Br):
K: 39.10 amu
Br: 79.90 amu
Formula weight of KBr = 39.10 amu (K) + 79.90 amu (Br) = 119.00 amu.
(b) To find the formula weight of PbCO3, we will add the atomic weights of lead (Pb), carbon (C), and three times the atomic weight of oxygen (O):
Pb: 207.20 amu
C: 12.01 amu
O: 16.00 amu
Formula weight of PbCO3 = 207.20 amu (Pb) + 12.01 amu (C) + 3 * 16.00 amu (O) = 267.21 amu.
So, the formula weights are (a) KBr: 119.00 amu and (b) PbCO3: 267.21 amu.
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How is drying agent removed from an organic solution? Why is this method of solid-liquidseparation preferred.
The drying agent is removed from an organic solution through a method called solid-liquid separation, which is preferred for its efficiency and ease of use.
Steps for removal of dryoinhg agent :
Step 1: Add the drying agent to the liquid organic solution. The drying agent is a solid substance that has a high affinity for water or other impurities in the solution.
Step 2: Allow the drying agent to interact with the liquid solution for some time. This interaction allows the drying agent to absorb water or other impurities, thereby leaving the organic solution drier.
Step 3: Perform a solid-liquid separation process, such as filtration or decantation. Filtration involves passing the mixture through a filter paper or a porous medium, which traps the solid drying agent and allows the now-dry organic liquid to pass through. Decantation involves carefully pouring off the liquid while leaving the solid drying agent behind.
Step 4: Collect the purified organic solution and dispose of the solid drying agent.
This method of solid-liquid separation is preferred because it is straightforward, efficient, and allows for easy removal of the drying agent, resulting in a purified organic solution.
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