Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS1) is a rare hereditary disorder that leads to a predisposition to cancer. This hereditary disorder is linked to mutations in the tumor suppressor gene encoding the transcription factor p53. p53 acts at the G1 checkpoint. If damaged DNA is detected, p53 halts the cell cycle. As p53 levels rise, the production of p21 is triggered. p21 enforces the halt in the cell cycle. A variant of Li-Fraumeni, called LFS2, is thought to occur due to a mutation of the CHK2 gene, which is also a tumor suppressor gene. CHK2 regulates the action of p53. Which of the following cascades is most likely to occur in a normal cell that does not contain the LFS mutation?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

CHK2, p53, p21, cell cycle progression.

Explanation:

In a normal cell with no LFS mutation, during the G1 stage of cell cycle progression, the CHK2 activates if there is damage in the DNA. CHK2 activates p53, which is a tumor suppressor protein that will hold the cell cycle in G1/S until the DNA is repaired. The p53 protein activates p21, a protein that binds to CDK2 and stops the cell cycle. The cell cycle will continue once the damage is repaired.      


Related Questions

The diagram shows an atom of a neutral element from the periodic table.

Answers

Answer:

Noble gases

Explanation:

18 the grop

Definition: A polygon with 4 sides is called a ____.

Answers

quadrilateral

Hope it helps

Answer: Quadrilaterals

Explanation:

Do you think water pollution has a greater effect on humans than air pollution?

Answers

Answer:

I think they are both as bad.

Explanation:

I say this because air pollution can cause water pollution but the same goes the other way around.

Answer:

No, air pollution is worse.

Explanation:

Whilst water pollution would kill s over time from dehydration, the air pollution would kill us first. Air is how we breathe and that would kill us before the water did. Over all, air pollution would kill us first.

Molecules that are ___
and ____
membrane easily.
pass through the cell

Answers

O2 or co2 hope this helps

the tallest mountain of earth are in mountain range, which is made by two continental plates converging

Answers

Answer: The Himalayas

Explanation: The Himalayas are the world's tallest mountains. They are forming as two continents collide. The Appalachian Mountains are the remnants of a larger mountain range.

When making bread, yeast, flour, sugar, and water are mixed together and set in a warm area to rise. A student cut the rising dough and discovered tiny
pockets of gas. This gas formation was causing the bread to rise. What gas molecule is most likely in the dough?
OA. lactic acid
OB. oxygen
OC carbon dioxide
OD alcohol

Answers

Answer:

Carbon Dioxide

Explanation:

I just know

The carbon dioxide is the gas molecule most likely in the dough. Thus, option C is correct.

What is Carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates is defined as biomolecule that contains carbon hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of 2:1. Carbohydrates are mane source of energy of the body they work as fuel for the brain, kidneys central nervous system and heart muscle. [tex]Cn(H2O)n[/tex] is the basic formula for all carbohydrates . But this formula have limitation i.e it applies where same amount of carbon and water are use.

Basically, the terms carbohydrate was used to describe compounds that have really contains carbohydrates. Because they had simple formula [tex]CH20[/tex]. In modern Era carbohydrates are classified on the basis of their structure not on their formulae. Such as aldehydes and ketones are now known as polyhydroxy.

Therefore, the carbon dioxide is the gas molecule most likely in the dough. Thus, option C is correct.

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what describes each hydrogen bond?

Answers

Answer:

A hydrogen bond is a type of attractive (dipole-dipole) interaction between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom bonded to another electronegative atom. This bond always involves a hydrogen atom. Hydrogen bonds can occur between molecules or within parts of a single molecule.

Answer for number 7 please! 30 points! Actually 60 point! :)

Answers

Numbness and paralysis is caused when the nervous system has been impacted

Answer:

i need a better photo

Explanation:

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration are part of the carbon cycle. Which statement best compares these two processes? Both release carbon dioxide as waste. Both provide organisms with usable energy. Both add bacteria to the soil. Both require fixation in order to convert molecules.

Answers

Answer:

Both provide organisms with usable energy.

Explanation:

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, a component of the carbon cycle provides an organism with usable energy.

Photosynthesis is the process whereby green plants manufacture their food using carbon dioxide and water using sunlight to produce energy rich glucose and oxygen gas as a by-product.

During cellular respiration is an oxygen driven aerobic process in which organisms breaks down glucose to produce energy rich ATP.

Both processes furnishes an organism with energy in the end. Although, photosynthesis is an energy building process, cellular respiration breaks down materials to liberate energy. This energy is used by both plants and animals for their living activities.

Therefore, photosynthesis and cellular respiration provides an organism with usable energy.

Answer:

The answer is B

Explanation:

How could the number of cells affect absorption?

Answers

they could help absorption's by telling if your healthy or not you need enough cells to live and a certain amount of numbers are probably just indeed the perfect acruminoual.

Which piece of evidence suggests that Africa and South America formed Gondwanaland 200 million years ago? coal fields a shared ocean folded mountains land formations created by glaciers

Answers

Answer:

C, Folded Mountains

Explanation:

your welcome

Answer:

folded mountains

Explanation:

Patches of suitable habitat surrounded by unsuitable habitat is called

Answers

Answer:

Habitat fragmentation

Explanation:

Habitat fragmentation occurs when a particular habitat breaks up i.e. becomes discontinuous. That means areas of suitable habitat are surrounded by areas unfavorable for the survival of organisms.

This is common during the destruction of previously large areas of forest.

Cells can detect changes in their environment and signals from other cells using
enzymes
DNA
receptor protiens
membrane phospholipids

Answers

Receptor proteins, they then send out the signal to perform a task or duty

11. The random movement of particles like O2, CO2, or H2O across the membrane is called...________________.

Answers

Answer:

diffusion

Explanation:

these particles are in gases and so gases move from an area of high concentration (outside membrane) to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient

Consider a hypothetical scenario in which the genes that determine body color, eye color, and wing type in fruit flies occur on the same chromosome. To determine the order of the three genes on the chromosome, a researcher looks at hundreds of flies and makes these observations: 90% of flies with red eyes have curly wings. 75% of flies with red eyes have black bodies, whereas the remaining 25% have brown bodies. 1% of flies have curly wings, white eyes, and black bodies. Based on these observations, what is the most probable location of each gene on the given chromosome

Answers

Answer:

The most probable location on the chromosome of each gene is:

wing shape gene ------- eye color gene -------- body color gene

Explanation:

To know if two genes are linked, we must observe the progeny distribution. In a tri-hybrid cross, If individuals, whos genes assort independently, are test crossed, they produce a progeny with equal phenotypic frequencies 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1. If we observe a different distribution, that is that phenotypes appear in different proportions, we can assume that genes are linked in the heterozygote parent.

We can recognize the parental gametes in the descendants because their phenotypes are the most frequent, while the double recombinants are the less frequent. And simple recombinant gametes produced by the cross, which frequencies are intermediate.  

By comparing the parental and the double recombinant we will realize which is the allele that changes in position. The position of this gene is in the middle of the other two genes because in a double recombinant only the central gene changes position in the chromatid.

So, according to this knowledge and the available information in the problem we can estimate the position of the genes in the chromosome.

Phenotypic proportions:

90% of flies with red eyes have curly wings (Parental)75% of flies with red eyes have black bodies (Simple recombinant)25% of flies with red eyes have brown bodies (Simple recombinant)1% of flies have curly wings, white eyes, and black bodies (Double recombinant)

90% of individuals are red-eyed and curly-winged. This is a high frequency, which means that this is the parental phenotype. The other parental phenotype must be white eyes and straight wings.

Flies with curly wings, white eyes, and black bodies represent the lower proportion (1%) so this phenotype must be the double recombinant.

Flies with red eyes and black bodies, and flyes with red eyes and brown bodies are intermediate in proportion, so they must be simple recombinant phenotypes.

Parental)

Red, Curly  

White, Straight

Double recombinant)

White, Curly, Black  

Red, Straight, Brown  

Simple recombinant)  

Red, Black

Red, Brown

In the chromatid, there are two regions, Region 1 (from the first gene to the gene in the middle), and region 2 (from the gene in the middle to the gene of the other extreme).

The fact that both simple recombinants are red, tells us that the eye color gene and the body color gene are together, and the recombination occurred either in region 1 or 2.  

We know that the double recombinant is White, Curly, Black. We also know that the eye color gene and the body color gene are together, so one of these two must be in the middle.

Parentals are red and curly, which means that the eye color gene and wing shape gene are also together. This leads us to assume that the eye color gene is in the middle.

Finally, the fact that the double recombinant is White, Curly, Black, and knowing that the eye color is in the middle and that both the extreme alleles change position, we can assume that the parental Red, Curly is also black, while the other parental is white, straight and brown. So:

Parental)  

Curly ------ Red ------Black (90%)

Straight ----- White ----- Brown

Simple recombinant)

Curly -----White-----Brown

Straight-----Red -----Black (75%)

Curly----Red-----Brown (25%)

Straight ----White-----Black

Double recombinant)

Curly-----White------Black (1%)

Straight----Red------Brown    

S.
The reaction shown occurs in many organisms. This reaction would still occur, but at a much slower rate, in the
absence of
urcase
urea + water
carbon dioxide + ammonia
Α.
urea
В.
carbon dioxide
C.
urease
D. ammonia

Answers

Answer:

A. Urea

Explanation:

It because a soluble weakly basic nitrogenous compound.

If a plant of a maple tree has more chloroplasts than the leaf of a tomato plant, then
A. the maple tree will have an increase in photosynthetic potential
B. the maple tree will have an increase in respiration potential
c.the maple tree will have an increase in carbon dioxide production
D. the maple tree will have an increase in water production

Answers

Answer:

I think it's A and B (viewpoint)

a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide​

Answers

Answer:

Your answer is Respiratory System

Explanation:

Hope this helps you

Do mark me as brainliest

what are the two types of cell regulation

Answers

Answer:

Regulator Molecules of the Cell Cycle. In addition to the internally controlled checkpoints, there are two groups of intracellular molecules that regulate the cell cycle. These regulatory molecules either promote progress of the cell to the next phase (positive regulation) or halt the cycle (negative regulation).

Explanation:

Regulator Molecules of the Cell Cycle. In addition to the internally controlled checkpoints, there are two groups of intracellular molecules that regulate the cell cycle. These regulatory molecules either promote progress of the cell to the next phase (positive regulation) or halt the cycle (negative regulation).

pls help me !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

Up and down are balanced cuz they are the same. However, left and right is unbalanced

Explanation:

I you notice up and down are equal numbers, so there's no effect, BUT, there are 0.5 more points to the left then right (1.0), so its going to the right.

How are the studies performed on rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the moss Pleurozium schreberi and the desert shrub Atriplex lentiformis similar? Both studies are coupled to enzymatic activity. Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range. Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range and are coupled to enzymatic activity. Both studies examine the effects of microclimates and studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range. Both studies examine the effects of microclimates.

Answers

Answer:

Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range and are coupled to enzymatic activity.

Explanation:

The studies shown in the question above started from the same concept to establish the scientific experiment and had the same objective related to the investigation as temperature changes in the environment where these organisms live influences the enzymatic activity and, therefore, the functioning of their organism, being able to including modifying the environment around them. In summary, we can say that the studies sought to support the concept that species operate within a narrow range of optimal temperature and are coupled with enzymatic activity.

What is an example of a large carbohydrate molecule

Answers

Answer:

I think the large carbohydrate examples are cellulose, starch and glycogen. If am not mistaking.

Explanation:

Is composed such as glucose

If swimmers add 1,500 J of thermal energy to the pool and the surrounding air adds 2,500 J of thermal energy what is the total change in energy

Answers

Answer:4,000 J

Explanation:

--JUST DID ON APEX--

Which of the following is a source of water pollution?

Answers

Answer:

all the above

Explanation:

all causes deaths in oceans and are not good for the water we drink and where the animal lives

which action causes breakers​

Answers

Answer:

C. Underwater earthquakes cause motion throughout ocean water.

Explanation:

took it on edge

Answer:

C

Explanation:

under water earthquacks cause movement, i mean.... it is shakeing the ocean like a cup of wter, and the floods are like it being spilled.

Which treatment is commonly used to manage stress and anxiety that are related to a disorder?
O physical therapy
O insulin injections
meditation
O manipulation

Answers

Answer:

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most widely-used therapy for anxiety disorders. Research has shown it to be effective in the treatment of panic disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder, among many other conditions.

The treatment that is commonly used to manage stress and anxiety that are related to a disorder is meditation, which is the third option. The mediation helps the person recover from the stressful situation.

What exactly is the mental disorder?

The mental disorder is linked to the person's personal experience; for example, if the person has had any negative experiences and is unable to cope with them, the person is more likely to enter the anxiety and depression stages. These types of mental disorders can harm a person physically too, as the nervous system does not work properly, and due to this neuronal imbalance, the digestive system, sleep cycle, and cardiac health will all be affected.

Meditation can be used as a form of therapy for the individual. Because in meditation, a person is told to practice concentration on mental health by many different methods, and eventually a person gets better with time.

Hence, The treatment that is commonly used to manage stress and anxiety that are related to a disorder is meditation, which is the third option.

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A chemical reaction can be mathematically represented by showing the required amount of products and resulting reaction components using a chemical​

Answers

Answer:

Equation

Explanation:

the last word is Equation

Considering the definition of chemical reaction and chemical equation, A chemical reaction can be mathematically represented by showing the required amount of products and resulting reaction components using a chemical​ equation.

Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction consists of the formation of new substances (products) from others (reagents). In this process bonds of the reactants are broken and new ones are formed in the products.

In other words, a chemical reaction occurs when the substances participating in it are transformed into different ones. The mass of the participating substances is the same before and after the reaction, that is, it is conserved because only a rearrangement takes place between the atoms of the reactants, which break and form new bonds.

Chemical equation

Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations. In them, the reactants are determined, the products are predicted, and the proportions of the substances that participate in the reaction are indicated.

Summary

A chemical reaction can be mathematically represented by showing the required amount of products and resulting reaction components using a chemical​ equation.

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Explain the role that sponges have in the environment

Answers

Answer:

Sponges collect bacteria when they filter the water around them. ... They may also be able to turn ammonium from the sponge's breathing into nitrogen gas that is then released into the atmosphere. This process would lower excess nitrogen levels in coral reefs, also preventing harmful ecosystem changes.

Explanation:

Answer: sponges have a role in the environment because they suck up the water or liquid.

Explanation:

What are volume and density? How do they relate to each other?

Answers

Explanation:

Density is defined as the amount of mass present in per unit volume.

Dolphins chasing and eating fish would be an example of what type of relationship?

Group of answer choices

Predation

Competition

Mutualism

Parasitism

Answers

Answer:

predation, because it is a predator and prey

Explanation:

Dolphins chasing and eating fish would be an example of a predation relationship. This is because dolphins are the predator of all such small fishes which are living simultaneously.

What do you mean by Predators?

Predators may be defined as the organisms that hunt or kill other organisms, particularly for food.

Predation is a type of interaction where one species is benefitted in the presence of another species, while the other species is harmed or lost in the presence of the first species.

Therefore, dolphins and other fishes show predation interaction.

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