Large telescopes are usually reflecting rather than refracting for several reasons.
Firstly, a lens must have two precision surfaces, while a mirror needs only one, making mirrors easier and cheaper to manufacture for larger sizes. Secondly, lenses absorb light, while mirrors do not, leading to a loss of brightness and contrast in refracting telescopes. Additionally, lenses are subject to chromatic aberration, where different colors of light are focused at slightly different points, causing blurring and distortion. Finally, heavy lenses, which can only be supported at their edges, tend to deform under their own weight, whereas mirrors can be supported from behind, allowing for larger sizes and sharper images.
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When would a new Venus be highest in the sky?
The time of year, and the specific position of Venus in its orbit at that time.
It's not entirely clear what you mean by a "new Venus." If you are referring to a new moon of Venus, then it would be impossible for it to be visible in the sky because new moons occur when the moon is in conjunction with the sun and its illuminated side is facing away from Earth.
However, if you are simply asking when Venus would be highest in the sky, then the answer depends on various factors such as the observer's location and the time of year. Venus is an inner planet, which means that it is always relatively close to the sun in the sky and never strays too far from the sun. This means that Venus is only visible for a few hours before sunrise or after sunset, depending on its position in its orbit.
The highest point Venus reaches in the sky, also known as its maximum altitude, will depend on the observer's latitude and the time of year. In general, Venus will reach its highest point in the sky when it is at its greatest elongation, which is the point in its orbit where it is farthest from the sun as seen from Earth. This usually occurs twice per Venusian cycle, which is roughly 19 months long.
However, the specific date and time when Venus reaches its highest point in the sky will depend on various factors such as the observer's location, the time of year, and the specific position of Venus in its orbit at that time.
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a playground merry-go-round has a mass of 120 kg and a radius of 1.80 m and it is rotating with a frequency of 0.500 rev/s. what is its angular velocity after a 22.0-kg child gets onto it by grabbing its outer edge? the child is initially at rest
The angular velocity of the merry-go-round after the child gets onto it is 2.34 rad/s.
Before the child gets onto the merry-go-round, its angular momentum is given by:
L = Iω
where I is the moment of inertia and ω is the angular velocity. The moment of inertia of a solid disk is I = (1/2)M[tex]R^2[/tex], where M is the mass of the merry-go-round and R is the radius. Substituting the given values, we have:
I = (1/2)(120 kg)(1.80 m[tex])^2[/tex] = 194.4 kg·[tex]m^2[/tex]
The initial angular velocity is given as ω = 2πf = 2π(0.500 rev/s) = 3.14 rad/s.
When the child gets onto the merry-go-round, the system becomes a combination of the child and the merry-go-round, and the moment of inertia of the system changes. The new moment of inertia is:
I' = I + M[tex]R^2[/tex]
where M is the mass of the child. Substituting the given values, we have:
I' = (1/2)(120 kg)(1.80 m[tex])^2[/tex] + (22.0 kg)(1.80 m[tex])^2[/tex] = 259.2 kg·[tex]m^2[/tex]
The angular momentum of the system is conserved, so we have:
L = I'ω'
where ω' is the new angular velocity. Solving for ω', we get:
ω' = L/I' = (Iω)/I' = (I/I')ω
Substituting the given values, we have:
ω' = (194.4 kg·[tex]m^2[/tex]/259.2 kg·[tex]m^2[/tex])(3.14 rad/s) = 2.34 rad/s
Therefore, the angular velocity of the merry-go-round after the child gets onto it is 2.34 rad/s.
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What do you suspect might happen to the average force you exert on the egg while catching it when ∆t is small?
When the time interval (∆t) is small while catching an egg, it is likely that the average force exerted on the egg will increase. This is because, as the time interval decreases, the velocity of the egg also decreases, and a larger force is required to bring the egg to a stop.
Additionally, a shorter time interval means that the force must be applied over a shorter period, leading to a higher force being exerted.
However, it is important to note that the increase in force will be limited by the physical capabilities of the catcher.
For example, if the catcher is unable to exert a force greater than a certain amount, then the force on the egg will not increase beyond that limit.
Moreover, it is also possible that the catcher may alter their technique when catching an egg with a smaller time interval, in order to reduce the force exerted on the egg.
For instance, they may choose to cushion the egg's impact with their hands or body, rather than trying to stop it completely.
In conclusion, while it is likely that the average force exerted on the egg will increase when the time interval (∆t) is small, the increase in force will depend on the physical capabilities of the catcher and its technique.
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Steps for: What volume of H2 gas is produced by Rxn of 4.40g Li with excess water at 27C , 0.993atm.
To determine the volume of H2 gas produced by the reaction of 4.40 g Li with excess water at 27°C and 0.993 atm, follow these steps:
1. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:
2Li + 2H2O → 2LiOH + H2
2. Calculate the moles of Li:
Moles of Li = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)
Molar mass of Li = 6.94 g/mol
Moles of Li = 4.40 g / 6.94 g/mol = 0.634 mol
3. Determine the moles of H2 produced using the stoichiometry of the reaction:
From the balanced equation, 2 moles of Li produce 1 mole of H2.
Moles of H2 = (0.634 mol Li) × (1 mol H2 / 2 mol Li) = 0.317 mol H2
4. Use the ideal gas law (PV = nRT) to calculate the volume of H2 produced:
- P = pressure = 0.993 atm
- n = moles of H2 = 0.317 mol
- R = gas constant = 0.0821 L atm/mol K
- T = temperature in Kelvin = 27°C + 273.15 = 300.15 K
Volume (V) = nRT / P
V = (0.317 mol)(0.0821 L atm/mol K)(300.15 K) / 0.993 atm = 8.17 L
The volume of H2 gas produced by the reaction of 4.40 g Li with excess water at 27°C and 0.993 atm is approximately 8.17 liters.
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If a 6-pole motor is supplied at 60 Hz and runs with a slip of 5%, what is the actual rotor speed? SB0081A) 1200 rpmB) 1240 rpmC) 1140 rpmD) 1260 rpm
The actual rotor speed of the motor is 1140 rpm, which is the answer given in option C.
The speed of a synchronous motor is given by the formula:
Ns = 120f / p
where:
Ns = synchronous speed of the motor in revolutions per minute (rpm)
f = frequency of the power supply in hertz (Hz)
p = number of poles of the motor
For a 6-pole motor supplied at 60 Hz, the synchronous speed is:
Ns = 120 * 60 / 6 = 1200 rpm
However, due to various losses, the actual speed of a motor is always less than the synchronous speed. The difference between the synchronous speed and the actual speed is known as the slip. The slip is usually expressed as a percentage of the synchronous speed.
The formula for calculating the actual rotor speed of a motor is:
Nr = (1 - s) * Ns
where:
Nr = actual rotor speed of the motor in rpm
s = slip of the motor as a fraction of the synchronous speed
Ns = synchronous speed of the motor in rpm
In this case, the slip is given as 5% of the synchronous speed. Therefore:
s = 0.05
Ns = 1200 rpm
Substituting these values in the formula for actual rotor speed, we get:
Nr = (1 - 0.05) * 1200 = 1140 rpm
Hence, the actual rotor speed of the motor is 1140 rpm, which is the answer given in option C.
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A solid sphere with mass, M, and radius, R, rolls along a level surface without slipping with a linear speed, v. What is the ratio of rotational to linear kinetic energy? (For a solid sphere, I = 0.4 MR2).
According to the question the ratio of rotational to linear kinetic energy is Krot/Klin = 0
What is kinetic energy?Kinetic energy is a form of energy that an object possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. It is directly related to an object's mass and velocity. Kinetic energy can be transferred between objects and transformed into other forms of energy.
The linear kinetic energy, Klin, is given by Klin = 0.5*m*v², where m is the mass and v is the linear velocity.
Assuming that the sphere is rolling without slipping, the linear and angular velocities are related by the equation v = ω*R, where R is the radius of the sphere.
Substituting this into the equations for Krot and Klin gives:
Krot = 0.5*I*(v/R)²
Klin = 0.5*m*v²
Therefore, the ratio of rotational to linear kinetic energy is:
Krot/Klin = (I*(v/R)²)/(m*v²) = I/(m*R²)
Substituting the value for I (given as 0.4 MR2) into the equation gives:
Krot/Klin = 0
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Two objects, 1 and 2, are dropped from rest and fall to the ground in the absence of air resistance. Object 1 has a mass m1 and is dropped from a height h, while object 2 has a mass m2 and is dropped from a height 2h. Each object has the same kinetic energy just before hitting the ground. What is m1/m2?
Answer:
Potential energy = kinetic energy
or
M g H = 1/2 M V^2
They must have had the same potential energy when released
m1 g h1 = m2 g h2 equating potential energies
m1 / m2 = h2 / h1 = 2h / h = 2 since h2 = 2 h1
m1 / m2 = 2
Tripling the weight suspended vertically from a coil spring will result in a change in the displacement of the spring's lower end by what factor? A mass of 0.40 kg, attached to a spring with a spring constant of 80 N/m, is set into simple harmonic motion. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of mass when at its maximum displacement of 0.10 m from the equilibrium position?
(a) 5 m/s^2
(b) 20 m/s^2
(c) Zero
(d) 10 m/s^2
We can see that the angular acceleration of the object is given as 20 m/s^2. Option B
What is the angular velocity?We have to know that the formula that we can use to obtain the angular acceleration in the case of the problem that we have here is;
a = -ω^2x
where a is the acceleration, ω is the angular frequency, and x is the displacement from the equilibrium position.
But we have to recall that we have;
ω= √(k/m)
We can now obtain the angular velocity as;
ω= √80/0.4
= 14.14 rad/s
Thus we have the angular acceleration as;
a = - (14.14)^2 * 0.1
a = - 20 m/s^2
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11. Would it be possible to place a non-reflective coating on an airplane to cancel radar waves of wavelength 3 cm?
Yes, it would be possible to place a non-reflective coating on an airplane to cancel radar waves of wavelength 3 cm.
The process of canceling radar waves is called stealth technology. In stealth technology, materials with a low radar cross-section are used to make an object less visible to radar. This means that the object will not reflect radar waves and will therefore be less visible on radar screens.
To achieve stealth technology, a non-reflective coating is applied to the surface of the airplane. This coating is made up of a combination of materials that have the ability to absorb radar waves of the 3 cm wavelength. When the radar waves hit the surface of the coating, they are absorbed instead of being reflected back to the radar station.
In conclusion, placing a non-reflective coating on an airplane to cancel radar waves of wavelength 3 cm is possible through the use of stealth technology. This involves using materials with a low radar cross-section, a non-reflective coating, and designing the shape of the airplane to deflect radar waves away from the radar station.
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If the collision of the clay ball with the table takes the same time as the collision of the superball, compare the average force exerted by the table on the clay ball to that exerted on the superball. Which is larger or are they the same?
A. Not enough information
B. The average force on superball is larger
C. The forces are the same
D. The average force on clay ball is larger
Not enough information is provided to compare the average force exerted by the table on the clay ball to that exerted on the superball, as the masses of the two balls and the velocities before and after the collision are not given.
When an object collides with a surface, the surface exerts an average force on the object during the time of contact.
The magnitude of the force depends on the velocity, mass, and elasticity of the object, as well as the material and the geometry of the surface.Without additional information on the masses and velocities of the two balls, we cannot determine the relative magnitudes of the average forces. However, we can make some general observations based on the properties of the materials involved.Clay is a relatively soft and deformable material, whereas a superball is designed to be highly elastic and bouncy. During a collision, a clay ball will compress and flatten out, losing its original shape and energy, while a superball will deform and rebound quickly, retaining most of its original shape and energy. If the masses and velocities of the clay ball and the superball are the same, then the average forces exerted by the table on both balls may be similar, as the effects of the different material properties and the collision time may balance out. However, if the mass or velocity of one of the balls is significantly different, then the corresponding average force may be larger or smaller. Ultimately, a detailed analysis of the specific conditions and properties of the collision would be necessary to determine the relative magnitudes of the forces.for such more questions on average force
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Vector v = ai + bj can be written terms of the magnitude of v and the angle theta
Do example:
Wind is blowing at 20 miles per hour in the direction N30W (30 degrees left of y axis). Express its velocity as a vector v in terms of i and j
If wind is blowing at 20 miles per hour in the direction N30W (30 degrees left of y axis), the express for velocity as a vector v in terms of i and j is v = v = -10 i + 10√3 j
In this figure it seen that,
v(x) = v sin30 = v/2
v(y) = v cos30 =√3/2 v
where v is velocity of the wind which is 20 miles per hr.
v(x) = 20× sin30 = 20/2 = 10
v(y) = 20× cos30 =√3/2×20 = 10√3
in the vector form it ca be written as,
v = -10 i + 10√3 j
there is negative sign cause it is on negative x axis.
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what is positivism, empiricism, determination, naturalism? what are fundamental beliefs?
what is the speed a rock needs to be given at the surface of the earth in order for it to have a residual speed of 2.5 km/s ?
The rock needs to be given a horizontal speed of approximately 318.6 kilometers per second at the surface of the earth in order to have a residual speed of 2.5 km/s.
To determine the initial speed a rock needs at the surface of Earth to have a residual speed of 2.5 km/s, we need to consider the forces acting on the rock and the speed it will gain or lose due to those forces. The two main forces acting on the rock are gravity and air resistance. Gravity will tend to pull the rock back towards Earth, decreasing its speed as it moves away from the surface. Air resistance will also oppose the motion of the rock, further reducing its speed. To overcome these forces and achieve a residual speed of 2.5 km/s, the rock must be given an initial speed that is greater than the sum of the speeds it will lose due to gravity and air resistance. This initial speed will depend on specific conditions, such as the mass of the rock, the density of the atmosphere, and the altitude from which the rock is launched. Calculating the exact initial speed required would involve solving a system of equations that account for these factors. However, without specific details about the rock and the environment, it's not possible to provide a precise value for the required initial speed. In summary, the initial speed a rock needs at Earth's surface to have a residual speed of 2.5 km/s will depend on various factors, such as the rock's mass and the atmospheric conditions. To find this speed, a more detailed analysis would be needed.
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(iii) the 1100-kg mass of a car includes four tires, each of mass 35 kg (including wheels) and diameter 0.80 m. assume each tire and wheel combination acts as a solid cylinder. determine (a) the total kinetic energy of the car when traveling 95 km/h and (b) the fraction of the kinetic energy in the tires and wheels. (c) if the car is initially at rest and is then pulled by a tow truck with a force of 1500 n, what is the acceleration of the car? ignore frictional losses. (d) what percent error would you make in part (c) if you ignored the rotational inertia of the tires and wheels?
a)the total kinetic energy of the car when traveling 95 km/h is 4.33 × [tex]10^{6}[/tex] J b)the fraction of the kinetic energy in the tires and wheels is 0.6% c) acceleration of the car is 1.36 [tex]m[/tex]/[tex]s^{2}[/tex] d) percent of error is 48.2%.
(a) To calculate the total kinetic energy of the car, we need to find the kinetic energy of the car's translational motion and the kinetic energy of the rotation of the four tires and wheels.
The kinetic energy of the car's translational motion is given by:
KE_trans = [tex](1/2)mv^2[/tex]
where m is the mass of the car and v is its velocity. Substituting the given values, we get:
KE_trans = [tex](1/2)(1100 kg)(95 km/h)^2[/tex]= 4.31 × [tex]10^6 J[/tex]
To calculate the kinetic energy of the rotation of the four tires and wheels, we need to find the moment of inertia of each tire and wheel combination. The moment of inertia of a solid cylinder is given by:
[tex]I = (1/2)mr^2[/tex]
where m is the mass of the cylinder and r is its radius. Substituting the given values, we get:
[tex]I = (1/2)(35 kg)(0.4 m)^2 = 2.8 kg·m^2[/tex]
The total moment of inertia of the four tires and wheels is:
[tex]I_total = 4I = 11.2 kg·m^2[/tex]
The kinetic energy of the rotation of the four tires and wheels is given by:
[tex]KE_rot = (1/2)I_totalω^2[/tex]
where ω is the angular velocity of the tires and wheels. At 95 km/h, the linear velocity of a point on the circumference of the tire is:
v = ωr
where r is the radius of the tire. Solving for ω, we get:
ω = v/r = (95 km/h) / (0.4 m) = 66.39 rad/s
Substituting the given values, we get:
[tex]KE_rot = (1/2)(11.2 kg·m^2)(66.39 rad/s)^2 = 25.1 × 10^3 J[/tex]
Therefore, the total kinetic energy of the car is:
[tex]KE_total = KE_trans + KE_rot = 4.31 × 10^6 J + 25.1 × 10^3 J = 4.33 × 10^6 J[/tex]
(b) The fraction of the kinetic energy in the tires and wheels is:
[tex]KE_tires / KE_total = KE_rot / KE_total = (25.1 × 10^3 J) / (4.33 × 10^6 J)[/tex]= 0.0058 or about 0.6%.
(c) The force acting on the car is given by:
F = ma where F is the force, m is the mass of the car, and a is its acceleration. Solving for a, we get:
a = F/m = (1500 N) / (1100 kg) = [tex]1.36 m/s^2[/tex]
(d) If we ignore the rotational inertia of the tires and wheels, we would be neglecting a significant portion of the total moment of inertia of the car. The percent error in the calculation of the acceleration would be:
[tex]error = (I_total - 4mR^2) / I_total × 100%[/tex]
where R is the radius of the tire. Substituting the given values, we get:
[tex]error = (11.2 kg·m^2 - 4(35 kg)(0.4 m)^2) / 11.2 kg·m^2 × 100% = 48.2%[/tex]
Therefore, ignoring the rotational inertia of the tires and wheels would lead to a percent error of about 48.2% in the calculation of acceleration.
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A mass oscillates in simple harmonic motion with amplitude A. Ifthe mass is doubled, but the amplitude is not changed, what willhappen to the total energy of the system?a. total energy willincreases.b. total energy willnot changec. total energy willdecrease.
The total energy of the system total energy , willincreases. Option A is correct.
The total energy of a simple harmonic motion system is equal to the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy. The kinetic energy is directly proportional to the mass of the object, while the potential energy is directly proportional to the square of the amplitude of the oscillation.
If the mass of the system is doubled while the amplitude remains the same, the potential energy of the system will remain unchanged. However, the kinetic energy of the system will increase by a factor of two due to the doubling of the mass.
Therefore, the total energy of the system will increase after the mass is doubled but the amplitude is not changed. This can be explained by the fact that the increased kinetic energy is more than enough to compensate for the unchanged potential energy.
In conclusion, the answer is (a) the total energy of the system will increase. It is important to note that this is true only if the amplitude is not changed. If the amplitude is changed as well, the result may be different.
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Choose the option from each pair that makes the following statement correct. For a farsighted person, the [(a) near point; (b) far point] is always located farther than [(c) 1 m; (d) 25 cm] from the eye and the corrective lens is [(e) converging; (f) diverging].
For a farsighted person, the near point (Option A) is always located farther than 25 cm (Option D) from the eye and the corrective lens is converging (Option E).
Farsightedness is called as hyperopia. In this defect, the distant objects can be seen clearly. But the nearby objects cannot be seen clearly and there is an experience of blurred vision.
For someone who is nearsighted, they are likely to have a near point that is even closer than 25 cm. This is due to the fact that as an image moves closer to one's eye, it focuses further and further back. However, the far point for a near sighted person is likely to be quite short; around 17 to 25 cm is average.
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When gasoline is burned, it gives off 46 000 J/g of heat energy. If an automobile uses 13.0 kg of gasoline per hour with an efficiency of 21%, what is the average horsepower output of the engine? ( 1 hp = 746 W)
The average horsepower output of the engine is 46.74 hp.
Heat energy given by burning gasoline, Q = 46000 J/g = 46 x 10⁶ J/kg
Rate of fuel usage = 13 kg/h = 3.61 x 10⁻³ kg/s
Fuel efficiency, η = 21% = 0.21
Therefore, the average output of the engine,
P = Rate of fuel usage x Q x η
P = 3.61 x 10⁻³x 46 x 10⁶x 0.21
P = 34.9 x 10³ W
P = 34.9 x 10³/746
P = 46.74 hp
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what would happen if a collapsing interstellar cloud formed only a protostar without an accretion disk around it
If a collapsing interstellar cloud formed only a protostar without an accretion disk around it.
When an interstellar cloud collapses under its own gravity, it can form a protostar. However, the protostar is often surrounded by a rotating disk of gas and dust called an accretion disk. This disk is important because it allows material to fall onto the protostar, increasing its mass and causing it to grow in size.
If a collapsing interstellar cloud formed only a protostar without an accretion disk around it, the protostar would not be able to accrete additional material as effectively. This would limit its growth and could result in a smaller final size than if it had an accretion disk.
Without an accretion disk, the protostar would also not be able to form planets or other objects in orbit around it. Planets form from the leftover material in the accretion disk that orbits the protostar. Without an accretion disk, there would be no material available to form planets.
Additionally, the lack of an accretion disk could affect the rotation of the protostar. The accretion disk is responsible for transferring angular momentum away from the protostar, allowing it to spin faster. Without an accretion disk, the protostar may not be able to shed its excess angular momentum, leading to slower rotation.
Hence, the formation of a protostar without an accretion disk would have a significant impact on the subsequent evolution of the system, limiting the growth of the protostar and preventing the formation of planets.
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In an elastic solid there is a direct proportionality between strain and: a. elastic modulus. b. temperature. c. cross-sectional area. d. stress. and more
In an elastic solid, there is a direct proportionality between strain and the elastic modulus. Option (A) is the correct option.
Elastic modulus is a measure of the stiffness of a solid material, and it describes how much stress is needed to produce a certain amount of strain. Strain is a measure of how much a material deforms under stress, and it is defined as the change in length divided by the original length. In an elastic solid, the relationship between stress and strain is described by Hooke's law, which states that stress is proportional to strain.
The constant of proportionality between stress and strain is the elastic modulus. Thus, as the strain increases, the stress required to produce that strain also increases in direct proportion to the elastic modulus of the material. The other options listed (temperature, cross-sectional area, stress) are not directly proportional to strain in an elastic solid.
Option (A) is the correct option.
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How many excess electrons must be added to an isolated spherical conductor 32.0 cm in diameter to produce an electric field of 1150 N/C just outside the surface?
1.72 x 10^12 excess electrons must be added to the isolated spherical conductor to produce an electric field of 1150 N/C just outside the surface.
The electric field just outside the surface of a charged sphere is given by:
E = (1/4πε0) (Q/r^2)
where E is the electric field, Q is the charge on the sphere, r is the radius of the sphere, and ε0 is the permittivity of free space.
Rearranging this equation to solve for Q, we get:
Q = Er^2 / (1/4πε0)
Substituting the given values, we get:
Q = (1150 N/C) x (0.16 m)^2 / (1/4πε0) = 2.76 x 10^-7 C
The number of excess electrons needed to produce this charge can be calculated by dividing Q by the charge of a single electron, which is approximately 1.602 x 10^-19 C:
n = Q / e = (2.76 x 10^-7 C) / (1.602 x 10^-19 C) = 1.72 x 10^12 electrons
Therefore, The isolated spherical conductor needs 1.72 x 10^12 more electrons to produce an electric field of 1150 N/C just outside the surface.
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A 0.003 0kg lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when, it embeds in a block of at 0 degree c if all the heat goes into melting ice what quantity of ice is melted? (l_f = 80 al kg, the specific heat of lead = 0.03 kcal/kg-degree C, and 1 kcal = 4 186 J) You have a block of a mystery material, 12 cm long. 11 cm wide and 3.5 cm thick. Its mass is 1155 grams. What is its density?
If 0.00259 kg of ice is melted, and the density of the mystery material is [tex]2500 kg/m^3[/tex].
To calculate the quantity of ice melted, we first need to determine the heat generated by the lead bullet. The heat generated can be calculated using the formula:
[tex]Q = 0.5 * m * v^2[/tex]
where Q is the heat generated, m is the mass of the bullet (0.003 kg), and v is its speed (240 m/s).
[tex]Q = 0.5 * 0.003 * (240^2) = 86.4 J[/tex]
Now, we can determine the mass of ice melted using the formula:
[tex]mass_ice = Q / (L_f * 4.186)[/tex]
where L_f is the latent heat of fusion (80 kcal/kg), and 4.186 is the conversion factor from kcal to J.
[tex]mass_ice = 86.4 / (80 * 4.186) = 0.00259 kg[/tex]
To find the density of the mystery material, use the formula:
density = mass / volume
First, find the volume of the block:
[tex]volume = length * width * height = 0.12 m * 0.11 m * 0.035 m = 0.000462 m^3[/tex]
Now, convert the mass of the mystery material to kg:
[tex]mass = 1155 g * (1 kg / 1000 g) = 1.155 kg[/tex]
Finally, calculate the density:
[tex]density = 1.155 kg / 0.000462 m^3 = 2500 kg/m^3[/tex]
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the de broglie wavelength of a particle depends only on the particle's charge. the particle's speed. the particle's mass. the particle's energy. the particle's momentum.
The de Broglie wavelength of a particle is given by the formula:
λ = h/p
where λ is the de Broglie wavelength, h is Planck's constant, and p is the momentum of the particle.
Now, the momentum of a particle can be calculated using its mass and velocity or its energy and momentum. Let's look at both cases:
Momentum in terms of mass and velocity:
The momentum of a particle can be calculated using the formula:
p = mv
where p is the momentum, m is the mass of the particle, and v is the velocity of the particle.
Substituting this value of momentum in the de Broglie wavelength formula, we get:
λ = h/mv
This shows that the de Broglie wavelength depends on the mass and velocity of the particle.
Momentum in terms of energy and momentum:
The energy of a particle can be related to its momentum using the equation:
E^2 = (pc)^2 + (mc^2)^2
where E is the energy, p is the momentum, c is the speed of light, and m is the mass of the particle.
Solving for the momentum, we get:
p = sqrt(E^2/c^2 - m^2c^2)
Substituting this value of momentum in the de Broglie wavelength formula, we get:
λ = h/sqrt(E^2/c^2 - m^2c^2)
This shows that the de Broglie wavelength depends on the energy and mass of the particle.
In both cases, we see that the de Broglie wavelength depends only on the momentum of the particle, which can be calculated using its mass and velocity or its energy and momentum.
Therefore, the statement "the de Broglie wavelength of a particle depends only on the particle's momentum" is true.
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Prediction 1-1: As you compress the air in a syringe by pushing the piston in slowly, what will happen to the pressure? What do you think will be the mathematical relationship between pressure P and volume V?
As you compress the air in a syringe by pushing the piston in slowly, the pressure will increase. The mathematical relationship between pressure (P) and volume (V) is given by Boyle's Law, which states that for a given amount of gas at a constant temperature, the product of pressure and volume remains constant.
Mathematically, this is represented as:
P1 * V1 = P2 * V2
where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume. In this case, as the volume (V) decreases, the pressure (P) will increase proportionally, maintaining the constant product of pressure and volume.Therefore,As you compress the air in a syringe by pushing the piston in slowly, the pressure will increase.
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What is the cause of acoustic speckle ?
a. refraction
b. attenuation
c. interference of tiny acoustic wavelets
d. resonance of particles in the near field
The cause of acoustic speckle is:c. interference of tiny acoustic wavelets.
Acoustic speckle occurs due to the interference of acoustic wavelets that scatter and reflect from different structures or interfaces within a medium. This interference creates constructive and destructive patterns that result in the speckled appearance of acoustic images. Refraction and attenuation can affect the propagation of acoustic waves, but they are not the primary cause of acoustic speckle. Similarly, the resonance of particles in the near field can lead to acoustic scattering, but it is not directly related to the formation of speckle patterns.
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A rocket is launched such that very far from Earth it has a speed of 20 km/s. What was its initial launch speed from the surface of Earth assuming all of its fuel was expended instantly during the launch? The mass and radius of the Earth are 5.98x10^24 kg and 6.38x10^6 m, respectively.
The initial launch speed of the rocket from the surface of the Earth, assuming all of its fuel was expended instantly during the launch, was approximately 11.2 km/s.
To solve this problem, we can use the conservation of energy principle. At the surface of the Earth, the rocket has potential energy due to its position relative to the Earth's center, as well as kinetic energy due to its motion.
When the rocket is launched, it uses up its fuel to produce additional kinetic energy and eventually reaches a speed of 20 km/s very far from the Earth.
Assuming that all the fuel is expended instantly during the launch, we can calculate the initial launch speed of the rocket as follows:
The total energy of the rocket at the surface of the Earth is given by:
E = PE + KE
E = [tex]-GMm / r + (1/2)mv^2[/tex]
where PE is the potential energy, KE is the kinetic energy, G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the Earth, m is the mass of the rocket, r is the radius of the Earth, and v is the initial launch speed.
At a very far distance from the Earth, the rocket has kinetic energy only, given by:
[tex]E = (1/2)mv^2[/tex]
Since energy is conserved, we can equate these two expressions and solve for v:
[tex](1/2)mv^2 - GMm / r = (1/2)mv_f^2[/tex]
where [tex]v_f[/tex] is the final velocity of the rocket far from the Earth.
Rearranging and solving for v, we get:
[tex]v = \sqrt{((2GM/r) + v_f^2)}[/tex]
Plugging in the given values, we get:
v = [tex]\sqrt{(2 \times 6.6743 \times 10^{-11} N m^2/kg^2 \times 5.98 \times 10^{24} kg) / (6.38 \times 10^6 m)} + 20 km/s[/tex]
v ≈ 11.2 km/s
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Which describes the intensity of an electromagnetic wave on a given area?
It is the ratio of the power to the area.
It is the product of the area and the power.
It is the ratio of the area to the power.
The intensity of an electromagnetic wave depends on the ratio of the power to the area. Thus, option A is correct.
Intensity is the power transferred per unit area. Intensity is also obtained from the product of energy density and wave speed. It is directly proportional to the amplitude of the waves.
The intensity of electromagnetic wave obtained from, I = P / A. P is the power or energy transmitted per second and A is the area in which the wave enters.
Thus, the ideal solution is A) It is the ratio of the power to the area.
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By how much would a windwill power increase in % if the wind speed increased 3%?
If the wind speed increased by 3%, the wind turbine's production is rised by about 9.27%.
The power output of a wind turbine is typically proportional to the cube of the wind speed. This relationship is described by the power law for wind turbines, which states that the power output (P) of a wind turbine is proportional to the wind speed (V) raised to the exponent of 3:
P ∝ V³
This relationship allows us to determine the percentage increase in power output if the wind speed increases by 3% as follows:
Assume that P₁ represents the starting power output at wind speed V₁ and P₂ represents the power output at wind speed V₂ where V₂ = V1₁+ 0.03V₁ = 1.03V₁ (an increase of 3%).
When, use the power law, we get:
P₁ ∝ V³₁
P₂ ∝ (1.03V₁)³
To find the percentage increase in power, we can compare P₂ to P₁:
Percentage increase in power = ((P₂ - P₁)/P₁) * 100%
Substituting the expressions for P₁ and P₂:
Percentage increase in power = (((1.03V₁)³ - V₁³)/V₁³) * 100%
Now we can simplify and solve for the percentage increase:
Percentage increase in power = ((1.03³ - 1)/1) * 100%
Percentage increase in power ≈ 9.27%
Therefore, if the wind speed increased by 3%, the wind turbine's production would be rise by about 9.27%. It's crucial to keep in mind that this is only a preliminary estimate, and actual power output changes could differ depending on a number of variables, including the unique design and properties of the wind turbine.
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what would be the magnitude of the momentum (in terms of p ) of a dog having two times the mass of the cat if it had the same kinetic energy as the cat?
The magnitude of the momentum of the dog in terms of the momentum of the cat is given by [tex]\sqrt(2)p_c.[/tex]
If two objects have the same kinetic energy, their momenta will be different if their masses are different. The momentum p of an object is given by:
p = mv
where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity.
If the kinetic energy of the dog is the same as the kinetic energy of the cat, we can write:
[tex](1/2)mv_d^2 = (1/2)mv_c^2[/tex]
where m is the mass of the object (either the dog or the cat), and v_d and v_c are their respective velocities.
We are given that the mass of the dog is twice the mass of the cat:
[tex]m_d = 2m_c[/tex]
Substituting this into the equation for the kinetic energy and solving for the velocity of the dog in terms of the velocity of the cat, we get:
[tex](1/2)(2m_c)v_d^2 = (1/2)m_cv_c^2[/tex]
[tex]v_d^2 = v_c^2/2[/tex]
[tex]v_d = \sqrt(v_c^2/2) = v_c/\sqrt(2[/tex])
Now we can calculate the momentum of the dog in terms of the momentum of the cat:
[tex]p_d = m_dv_d = 2m_cv_c/\sqrt(2) = \sqrt(2)pm_c[/tex]
Therefore, the magnitude of the momentum of the dog in terms of the momentum of the cat is given by[tex]\sqrt(2)p_c.[/tex]
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find the molecular formula of ethylene glycol, which is used as antifreeze. the molar mass is 62g and the empirical formula is CH3O.
The ratio is approximately 2, we can multiply the empirical formula by 2 to find the molecular formula: C2H6O2 Therefore, the molecular formula of ethylene glycol is C2H6O2.
To find the molecular formula of ethylene glycol, we first need to calculate the empirical formula mass (EFM) of CH3O. The EFM can be found by adding the atomic masses of each atom in the empirical formula:
EFM = (1 x 12.01) + (3 x 1.01) + 1 x 16.00 = 32.05 g/mol
Next, we can calculate the ratio between the molar mass of ethylene glycol and the EFM:
Molar mass (MM) / EFM = n
62 g/mol / 32.05 g/mol = 1.937
This means that there are approximately 1.937 empirical formula units in each molecular formula unit of ethylene glycol. We can round this up to 2 for simplicity.
Finally, we can multiply the empirical formula by the number of units to get the molecular formula:
Molecular formula = (CH3O)2 = C2H6O2
Therefore, the molecular formula of ethylene glycol is C2H6O2.
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6.29 Suppose one night the radius of the earth doubled but its mass stayed the same. What would be an approx. new value for the free-fall accel. at the surface of the earth?A. 2.5 m/s^2B 5.0 M/s^2C 10 M/s^2D 20 M/s^2
An approximate new value for the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the earth, if the radius of the earth doubled but its mass stayed the same, would be [tex]2.45 m/s^2[/tex].
The acceleration due to gravity (also known as free-fall acceleration) at the surface of the earth is given by the formula:
g = G [tex]\times[/tex] M / [tex]R^2[/tex]
where:
g is the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the earth, measured in meters per second squared (m/[tex]s^2[/tex])
G is the gravitational constant, which has a value of approximately 6.67 x [tex]10^{-11} N(m/kg)^2[/tex]
M is the mass of the earth, measured in kilograms (kg)
R is the radius of the earth, measured in meters (m)
If the radius of the earth is doubled, the new radius (R') will be 2R, and the new acceleration due to gravity (g') can be calculated as:
g' = G [tex]\times[/tex] M / [tex](2R)^2[/tex]
Simplifying, we get:
g' = G [tex]\times[/tex]M / 4[tex]R^2[/tex]
Since the mass of the earth has not changed, we can substitute the original value of g into the equation for g':
g' = g / 4
Substituting the value of the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the earth (approximately 9.81 m/[tex]s^2[/tex]) for g, we get:
g' = 9.81 m/[tex]s^2[/tex] / 4 = 2.45 m/[tex]s^2[/tex]
Therefore, an approximate new value for the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the earth, if the radius of the earth doubled but its mass stayed the same, would be 2.45 m/[tex]s^2[/tex]. The answer is A) 2.5 m/[tex]s^2[/tex].
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