Answer:
10%Corridor
2011 $0
2012 $250,000
2013 $295,000
2014 $360,000
Accumulated
2011 $0
2012 $280,000
2013 $367,000
2014 $372,000
Minimum Amortization of Loss
2011 $0
2012 $3,000
2013 $6,000
2014 $1,000
Explanation:
Calculation for the net gain or loss amortized and charged to pension expense under the corridor approach
Year, Projected Benefit Obligation (a) , Plan Assets, 10%Corridor, Accumulated d OCI (G/L) (a), Minimum Amortization of Loss
2011 $2,000,000 $1,900,000 $200,000 $ 0 $0
2012 $2,400,000 $2,500,000 $250,000 $280,000 $3,000(b)
2013 $2,950,000 $2,600,000 $295,000 $367,000(c) $6,000(d)
2014 $3,600,000 $3,000,000 $360,000 372,000(e) $1,000(f)
Calculation for 10%Corridor
2011 $0
2012 10%*$2,500,000 =$250,000
2013 10%*$2,950,000 =$295,000
2014 10%*$3,600,000 =$360,000
Calculation for Accumulated Depreciation and Minimum Amortization of Loss
a. As at the beginning of the year
b. ($280,000 – $250,000) ÷ 10 years = $3,000
c. $280,000 – $3,000 + $90,000 = $367,000
d. ($367,000 – $295,000) ÷ 12 years = $6,000
e. $367,000 – $6,000 + $11,000 = $372,000
f ($372,000 – $360,000) ÷ 12 years = $1,000
Therefore the net gain or loss amortized and charged to pension expense under the corridor approach are :
10%Corridor
2011 $0
2012 $250,000
2013 $295,000
2014 $360,000
Accumulated Depreciation
2011 $0
2012 $280,000
2013 $367,000
2014 $372,000
Minimum Amortization of Loss
2011 $0
2012 $3,000
2013 $6,000
2014 $1,000
The calculation of the payback period for an investment when net cash flow is uneven is:
Answer:
Determining when the cumulative total of net cash flows reaches zero.
Explanation:
Whispering is a corporation that sells breakfast cereal. Based on the accounts listed below, what are Whispering's total trade receivables?
Income tax refund due $370 Advance due to the company from the company president 200 3-month note due from Whispering's main customer 1570 Interest due this month on the above note 150 Due and unpaid from this month's sales 9730 Due and unpaid from last month's sales 1000
Answer:
the total trade receivable is $12,300
Explanation:
The computation of the total trade receivable is shown below:
= note due from customer + Due and unpaid from this month's sales + Due and unpaid from last month's sales
= $1,570 + $9,730 + $1,000
= $12,300
Hence, the total trade receivable is $12,300
The other items would not be considered as it is not a trade receivables
On October 1, 2021, Cullumber Company purchased to hold to maturity, 4100, $1000, 10% bonds for $4010000 which includes $61000 accrued interest. The bonds, which mature on February 1, 2030, pay interest semiannually on February 1 and August 1. Cullumber uses the straight-line method of amortization. The bonds should be reported in the December 31, 2021 balance sheet at a carrying value of $3949000. $3953530. $4010000. $4100000.
Answer:
Cullumber Company
The bonds should be reported in the December 31, 2021 balance sheet at a carrying value of:
= $3,949,000
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
October 1, 2021:
Face value of bonds = $4,100,000
Cash payment for bonds = $4,010,000
Accrued interest on bonds = $61,000
Unamortized Bonds Discount = $151,000 ($4,100,000 - $4,010,000 + $61,000)
Carrying value = Face Value - Unamortized discounts
= $3,949,000 ($4,100,000 - $151,000) or ($4,010,000 - $61,000)
Amortization of discount using the straight-line method on March 31:
Interest Revenue = $205,000
Semi-annual amortized discount = $7,550 ($151,000/20)
Organizational buyers, when compared to buyers of consumer goods, are........ in number, geographically............. and ............. apt to buy on specifications.
A. Fewer,dispersed,less
B. Fewer, concentrated, less
C.Fewer, concentrated,more
D. Greater, concentrated,less
E. Greater,dispersed,more
Answer:
answer is (D) ok alright
A coffee shop buys 2000 bags of their most popular coffee beans each month. The cost of ordering and receiving shipments is $12 per order. Accounting estimates annual carrying costs are $3.60. The supplier lead time is 8 operating days. The shop operates 240 days per year. Each order is received from the supplier in a single delivery. There are no quantity discounts.
Required:
a. What quantity should the shop order with each order?
b. How many times per year will the shop order?
c. How many operating days will elapse between two consecutive orders?
d. What is the reorder point if the company wishes to carry a safety stock of 10 bags?
e. What is the store's minimum total annual cost of placing orders & carrying inventory?
Solution :
The optimal order quantity, EOQ = [tex]$\sqrt{\frac{2 \times \text{demand}\times \text{ordering cost}}{\text{holding cost}}}$[/tex]
EOQ = [tex]$\sqrt{\frac{2 \times 2000 \times 12}{3.6}}$[/tex]
= 115.47
The expected number of orders = [tex]$\frac{\text{demand}}{EOQ}$[/tex]
[tex]$=\frac{2000}{115.47}$[/tex]
= 17.32
The daily demand = demand / number of working days
[tex]$=\frac{2000}{240}$[/tex]
= 8.33
The time between the orders = EOQ / daily demand
[tex]$=\frac{115.47}{8.33}$[/tex]
= 13.86 days
ROP = ( Daily demand x lead time ) + safety stock
[tex]$=(8.33 \times 8)+10$[/tex]
= 76.64
The annual holding cost = [tex]$\frac{EOQ}{2} \times \text{holding cost}$[/tex]
[tex]$=\frac{115.47}{2} \times 3.6$[/tex]
= 207.85
The annual ordering cost = [tex]$\frac{\text{demand}}{EOQ} \times \text{ordering cost}$[/tex]
[tex]$=\frac{2000}{115.47} \times 12$[/tex]
= 207.85
So the total inventory cost = annual holding cost + annual ordering cost
= 207.85 + 207.85
= 415.7
community hospital in a rual community operates the ambulance service. the hospital purchases a new ambulance for $150,000. they estimate a useful life of 10 years and a salvage value of $20,000. what is the annual charge for depreciation on this asset?
Answer:
$150,000×20,000=3.000.000.000
Explanation:
3.000.000.000÷10=300.000.000 years
Setting aside your answer to the question on Abraham's manufacturing overhead, assume that the actual cost of overhead is $280,000, the applied manufacturing overhead in 2020 is $300,000 (as originally stated in the problem), and the cost of goods sold before considering the amount of overapplied or underapplied overhead is $900,000. Compute the cost of goods sold for 2020 after adjusting for the overapplied/underapplied overhead (do not prorate). Show your work and/or explain your answer in order to receive full credit.
Answer:
$880,000
Explanation:
The amount of over-applied or under-applied overheads is usually used to adjust the Cost of Goods Sold amount.
Since, Applied Overheads ($300,000) > Actual Overheads ($280,000), we say overheads are over-applied.
Over-application = $300,000 - $280,000 = $20,000
Adjusted Cost of Goods Sold :
Cost of Goods Sold before adjustments $900,000
Less over-applied overheads ($20,000)
Cost of Goods Sold $880,000
Therefore, after adjusting for the overapplied overheads the cost of goods sold amounts to $880,000
The current listed price per share of a certain common stock is $15. The cash dividend expected from this corporation in one year is $2 per share. All market research indicates that the expected constant growth rate in dividends will be 4 percent per year in future years. What is the rate of return on this investment that an investor can expect if shares are purchased at the current listed price
Answer:
the rate of return on the investment is 17.33%
Explanation:
The computation of the rate of return is shown below:
The Rate of return is
= (Dividend at year 1 ÷ Price year at 0) + growth rate
= ($2 ÷ 15) + 0.04
= 17.33%
Hence, the rate of return on the investment is 17.33%
We simply applied the above formula so that the rate of return could come
And, the same would be relevant
how to get rid of detrimental body language in the negotiation
Answer:
The answer is below
Explanation:
There are various ways to get rid of detrimental body language in the negotiation. Some of which are:
1. Speak with confidence and coherently: this will show you're not desperate
2. Maintain eye contact: keeping eye contact during negotiations shows you're sure of what you're saying and won't be smooth-talked or dominated.
3. Make a good handshake: some believe a firm handshake shows you're strong character, hence the other party will respect your opinions or negotiations point of view better.
4. Ensure you keep a nice posture or position: fidgeting around met be translated as being weak or uncomfortable, hence, the other party may think you're not sure of yourself.
what is the yearly salary and hourly wage for a barnes and noble bookseller? it's for a project.
Answer:
in the US: $13.30 per hour
Explanation:
Answer:
$13.30 hourly. 378.30 yearly.
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP FAST!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Which candidate do you think proposed a more compelling argument about inflation? Support your claim with specific data presented by the candidates. Be sure to mention at least one counterpoint, and refute this point with evidence.
Answer:
What type of canidate? Like ones running for presidents?
This is your opinion and backup your beliefs with evidence
Explanation:
Answer:
I think the more compelling argument winner has to go to Jimmy Carter. Lots of facts stated, not just opinions and assumptions. For example; when he stated written facts from the CPI that his plan to bring inflation down has worked for him during is presidency.
With that being said I have to give credit where credit is due, Ronald Regan definitely had some powerful comebacks. Like for when he was showing that his governing in the state of California has worked in the past so why would it not work while running the country.
Explanation: no explination
plus not my answer
Takelmer Industries has a different WACC for each of three types of projects. Lowrisk projects have a WACC of 8.00%, averagerisk projects a WACC of 10.00%, and highrisk projects a WACC of 12%. Which of the following projects do you recommend the firm accept? Project Level of Risk IRR A Low 9.50% B Average 8.50% C Average 7.50% D Low 9.50% E High 14.50% F High 17.50% G Average 11.50% A. B, C, E, F, G B. A, D, E, F, G, C. A, B, C, D, E, F, G D. A, B, C, D, G
Answer:
The correct option is B. A, D, E, F, G.
Explanation:
IRR can described as the discount rate makes a project's net present value (NPV) to be equal to zero. Any rate that is higher than the IRR results in a negative NPV.
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) can be described as cost of capital of a firm that is calculated by givng proportional weight to each category of capital of the firm.
For this question, the decision rule is therefore to reject any project that its IRR is less than its associated WACC.
The analysis can be done as follows:
Project Level of Risk IRR WACC Recommendation
A Low 9.50% 8.00% Accept
B Average 8.50% 10.00% Reject
C Average 7.50% 10.00% Reject
D Low 9.50% 8.00% Accept
E High 14.50% 12% Accept
F High 17.50% 12% Accept
G Average 11.50% 10.00% Accept
Based on the analysis above, projects A, D, E, F and G are therefore recommended to the firm to accept.
Therefore, the correct option is B. A, D, E, F, G.
Erik is acting in a single agency capacity in a transaction. What does this mean?
*The best answer will receive brainliest, I will friend you, and I will like all of the questions you've asked or answered.
*Any submission unorthodox or not relating to the question will be reported!!!
What manufacturing process do you believe is the most valuable to the business world? Explain why you think so. Then, discuss which of today’s manufacturing processes will not last and why you believe it will become obsolete or irrelevant.
Answer:
I would say metal/steel.
Explanation:
Metal is used to create many things. It is used in every aspect of our lives; in cars and construction products, refrigerators and washing machines, cargo ships and surgical scalpels. It can be recycled over and over again without loss of property.
Answer:
Tech
Explanation:
Hi, I believe that Technology industry is one of the biggest business in the world as nowadays everything runs on technology and everything has evolved to a more advanced way and standard.I believe that it won't last as while technology is huge currently and is getting bigger as time goes on but it's the old technology that will stop manufacturing that has been outdated or replaced.Such as the headphone jack will be removed from cars, phones, tablets, iPads, laptops, planes and many more as Bluetooth has been in the tech industry for a while now.Not to mention apple have removed this from their iPhone 7 back in September 2016.
Thank you for reading/Listening.
hope this helped ;)
Which of the following policies would dramatically and permanently reduce government outlays? Choose one or more: A. reducing the cost-of-living increase for Social Security recipients B. reducing welfare payments for every month an unemployed person doesn't find a job C. lowering wages for workers involved in all government construction projects D. reducing the number of overseas military bases E. lowering Medicare and Social Security taxes
Answer: A. reducing the number of people eligible for Medicare and Medicaid by half
E. raising the age to receive Social Security to 75
Explanation: That’s correct! By raising the age to receive Social Security to 75 and reducing the number of people eligible for Medicare and Medicaid by half, the government would dramatically and permanently reduce its outlays because these are mandatory payments.
The policy that can be followed so that the government outlays can be reduced permanently is A: reducing the cost-of-living increase for Social Security recipients.
An outlay can be regarded as a payment, it can be explained as payments by the federal government which is been tracked back to congressionally setting up an appropriations accounts.It is a payment for liquidation of an obligation , and different from repayment of debt principal. Option A explained how this outlay by government can be reduced.Therefore, option A is correct.
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In an article about the financial problems of USA Today, Newsweek reported that the paper was losing about $20 million a year. A Wall Street analyst said that the paper should raise its price from 50 cents to 75 cents, which he estimated would bring in an additional $65 million a year. The paper's publisher rejected the idea, saying that circulation could drop sharply after a price increase, citing The Wall Street Journal's experience after it increased its price to 75 cents. What implicit assumptions are the publisher and the analyst making about price elasticity
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
The implicit assumptions that is masde by the publisher is that price elasticity is elastic. This implies that a change in price has a large impact on the quantity demanded. In this case, an increase in price will bring about a large reduction in demanded.
On the other hand, the analyst believee the price elasticity is inelastic. This means price change will have a little or no change in the quantity demanded.
Under its executive stock option plan, National Corporation granted 20 million options on January 1, 2021, that permit executives to purchase 20 million of the company’s $1 par common shares within the next six years, but not before December 31, 2023 (the vesting date). The exercise price is the market price of the shares on the date of grant, $23 per share. The fair value of the options, estimated by an appropriate option pricing model, is $5 per option. Suppose that the options are exercised on April 3, 2024, when the market price is $25 per share.
Ignoring taxes, what journal entry will National record? (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field. Enter your answers in millions (i.e., 10,000,000 should be entered as 10).)
Answer:
April 23, 2024
Dr Cash $460 million
Dr PIC Stock Options $100 million
($20 million*$5 per option)
Cr Common stock $20 million
C- PIC Excess of Par $540 million
Explanation:
Preparation of the journal entry that National will record
April 23, 2024
Dr Cash ($23 exercise price × 20 million shares) $460 million
Dr PIC Stock Options $100 million
($20 million*$5 per option)
Cr Common stock (20 million shares at $1 par per share) $20 million
C- PIC Excess of Par $540 million
($460 million+$100 million-$20 million)
Place the three components of aggregate demand in order of relative size, starting with the one representing the largest component of GDP.
a. net exports
b. consumption
c. investment
Answer:
The order, in terms of relative size, will be as follows:
(b) Consumption
(c) Investment
(a) Net Exports
Explanation:
The aggregate demand consists of the sum of four components which are government spending, consumption, investment and net exports.
Amongst which the consumption is the largest component of all, as it represents the total income spent by an individual or household on the goods and services in the economy. It's calculation is dependent of several factors such as disposable income, interest rates and future economic conditions.
Investment is the second largest component, after consumption, as shifts in it's value results in improvement/fall on the quality and quantity factors of production in the long run.
In terms of size when compared with the other components, the Net Exports stands as the smallest component. Practically due to the fact that it is calculated after deducting imports from exports.
Free Corporation acquired machinery at a cost of $1,250,000 on January 1, 2018. Free Corporation adopted the double-declining balance method. They determined that the estimated useful life was ten years, with no residual value. At the beginning of 2021, a decision was made to change to the straight-line method of depreciation for the machinery. The depreciation expense for 2021 would be
Answer:
$91,429
Explanation:
Depreciation using the double-declining balance method is calculated as follows :
Depreciation expense = 2 x SLDP X BVSLDP
where,
SLDP = 100 ÷ useful life
= 100 ÷ 10
= 10%
therefore,
2018
Depreciation expense = 2 x 10% x $1,250,000 = $250,000
2019
Depreciation expense = 2 x 10% x ($1,250,000 - $250,000) = $200,000
2020
Depreciation expense = 2 x 10% x ($1,250,000 - $250,000 - $200,000 = $160,000
2021
Step 1 : New Depreciable Amount calculation
New Depreciable Amount = Cost - Accumulated depreciation to date
where,
Accumulated depreciation = total depreciation to date
= $250,000 + $200,000 + $160,000
= $610, 000
therefore
New Depreciable Amount = $1,250,000 - $610, 000
= $640,000
Step 2 : New useful life calculation
New useful life = 10 - 3 = 7
Step 3 : Depreciation expense
Depreciation expense = New Depreciable Amount ÷ Estimated useful life
= $640,000 ÷ 7
= $91,429
The depreciation expense for 2021 would be $91,429
The cost of all your ingredients for your cake is $3.49. Your consistently sell 150 cakes per week for $976 in total sales. What is your food cost percentage
Answer:
54%
Explanation:
f a taxpayer sells property for cash, the amount realized consists of the net proceeds from the sale. For each of the following, indicate the effect on the amount realized if: The property is sold on credit. A mortgage on the property is assumed by the buyer. A mortgage on the property is assumed by the seller. The buyer acquires the property subject to a mortgage of the seller. Stock that has a basis to the purchaser of $6,000 and a fair market value of $10,000 is received by the seller as part of the consideration.
Answer:
a. The property is sold on credit.
The amount realized is the cash received at the date of sale and the cash that will be received in future when the credit is settled.
b. A mortgage on the property is assumed by the buyer.
The amount realized increases because the seller will see their debt reduced and still receive cash from the buyer for the purchase of the property.
c. A mortgage on the property is assumed by the seller.
The amount realized decreases because the realized amount will have to be net of the mortgage that the seller now has to pay.
d. The buyer acquires the property subject to a mortgage of the seller.
Amount realized increases as the buyer will become the one making mortgage payments instead of the seller which effectively means that the seller gets the realized value net of debt.
e. Stock that has a basis to the purchaser of $6,000 and a fair market value of $10,000 is received by the seller as part of the consideration.
Realized value increases to $10,000 because that is the fair value of the stock when exchange for the property.
Classify each event either as shifting the aggregate demand curve or as causing movement along the curve.
a. As inflation drops to nearly zero, people save more and therefore more loanable funds are available.
b. Technological advances generate wealth in a broad range of industries.
Answer:
Classification of events as Shifting the Aggregate Demand Curve or Causing Movement along the Curve:
a. = shifting the aggregate demand curve.
b. = causing movement along the demand curve.
Explanation:
When technological advances generate wealth in a broad range of industries, the movement along the demand curve denotes a change in both price and quantity demanded. This is obtainable because technological advances usually reduce costs of production and prices. The reduced price can increase demand. On the other hand, inflation that drops to nearly zero will cause a shift in a demand curve because the quantity demanded can increase with the price of the good remaining the same.
From 1970 to 1998 the U.S. dollar a. gained value compared to the German mark because inflation was higher in the U.S. b. gained value compared to the German mark because inflation was lower in the U.S. c. lost value compared to the German mark because inflation was higher in the U.S. d. lost value compared to the German mark because inflation was lower in the U.S.
Answer:
lost value compared to the German mark because inflation was lower in Germany
Explanation:
Inflation is a persistent rise in the general price levels
Types of inflation
1. demand pull inflation – this occurs when demand exceeds supply. When demand exceeds supply, prices rise
2. cost push inflation – this occurs when the cost of production increases. This leads to a reduction in supply. Higher prices are the resultant effect
If inflation of the currency of a country increases relative to that of another country, the value of that currency decreases
I am currently stuck on an application question on why I left my job. How would I awswer this question if I worked at an amusement park for two summers but left the first time because of ride issues and bronchitis/ and the second time I left due to drivers ed interfering with my work schedule, including not being able to get to and from work. Thank you for your time.
Answer:
Give the reasons that you wrote
Explanation:
If I were you I would put the reasons that you wrote above but just make it sound more professional. Ex: I left my job at (name of amusement park) in (month) of (year) due to health issues.
8 Hospital administrator Jake Rosen9 was recently con victed for fraud he committed against his employer, Cedar Hospital Systems. Over a period of six years, he allegedly made payments to a dummy company for maintenance charges while simultaneously running a scheme with maintenance contractors where he either paid them for work never performed or overpaid them for work. The skyscraper where Jake worked was only 10 years old. Maintenance charges rose from $5.2 mil lion in 1994 to $16.4 million in 2000. It was worth noting that the judge on the case questioned whether Cedar Hospital Systems deserved less than full restitu tion for failing to notice the problem. However, it was determined that federal law on restitution does not al low such charges, so Jake Rosen will be making monthly payments towards the alleged $8 million he stole until he makes full restitution after leaving prison. He was able to quickly repay $3.2 million of the theft with assets recovered by the government, including two homes and a nice yacht. Not bad for a man who was supposed to be making $90,000 per year. 1. In what specific types of fraud was Jake Rosen engaged
Answer:
Asset Misappropriation.
Explanation:
The type of fraud that Jake Rosen engaged in is called Asset Misappropriation.
Asset Misappropriation happens when a person diverts the assets of the company they work for or the client they represent, for their own personal use.
Jake Rosen diverted the funds of the hospital for his own personal use to enabled the purchase of two homes and a nice yacht amongst other things thereby making him guilty of asset misappropriation.
Your factory has been offered a contract to produce a part for a new printer. The contract would last for 3 years and your cash flows from the contract would be $4.99 million per year. Your upfront setup costs to be ready to produce the part would be $8.16 million. Your discount rate for this contract is 8.4%.
A. What is the? IRR?
B. The NPV is $ 4.99 ?million, which is positive so the NPV rule says to accept the project. Does the IRR rule agree with the NPV?
Answer and Explanation:
The computation of the net present value and the internal rate of return is shown below:
After applying the excel formulas for NPV and IRR i.e.
For NPV = NPV()
For IRR = IRR(IRR)
The NPV and IRR is $4.61 million and 38% respectively
Since the NPV is in positive so the project should be accepted also the IRR would be agree with the NPV
In your opinion, what's the best strategy
Select one:
a. E-tailing
b. Depends
O c. Both E-tailing and Bricks and Mortar
O d. Bricks and mortar
Answer:
o both e-talling and bricks and mortar
The best strategy depends on the specific business, target market and industry that is "Both E-tailing and Bricks and Mortar". The correct option is C.
Combining E-tailing (online retailing) and bricks-and-mortar (physical stores) offers a comprehensive approach to reach a broader customer base and cater to diverse shopping preferences.
The E-tailing provides convenience, global reach, and cost-effectiveness, enabling businesses to tap into the growing online market.
On the other hand, bricks-and-mortar stores offer a tactile experience, face-to-face customer interactions, and immediate fulfillment and enhancing customer engagement and brand loyalty.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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The total earnings of an employee for a payroll period is referred to as
Answer:
Net pay.
Explanation:
An employee can be defined as an individual who is employed by an employer of labor to perform specific tasks, duties or functions in an organization.
Basically, an employee is saddled with the responsibility of providing specific services to the organization or company where he is currently employed while being paid a certain amount of money hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly depending on the contractual agreement between the two parties (employer and employee).
Net pay can be defined as the total amount of money earned by an employee for a payroll period. Thus, it is the earnings of an employee after all deductions, fees, or contributions have been subtracted from the gross pay and as such, it is the take home of an employee for a payroll period.
The field of operations management is shaped by advances in which of the following fields?
Answer:
E) all of the above
Explanation:
THIS ARE THE OPTIONS FOR THE QUESTION BELOW
A) chemistry and physics
B) industrial engineering and management science
C) biology and anatomy
D) information technology
E) all of the above
Operations management can be regarded as administration of business practices which brings about creation
of highest level of efficiency that can be created within an organization. It is responsible for conversion of materials as well as labor to goods/services so that profit can be maximized efficiently
in an organization. It should be noted that The field of operations management is shaped by advances in fields such as ;
✓chemistry and physics
✓management science
✓ biology and anatomy
✓information technology
✓Industrial engineering
b. Suppose that while Melissa was on the coast, she also spent two days sightseeing the national parks in the area. To do the sightseeing, she paid $1,560 for transportation, $1,295 for lodging, and $430 for meals during this part of her trip, which she considers personal in nature. What amount of the total costs can Melissa deduct as business expenses
Answer: $0
Explanation:
Melissa can only deduct business expenses i.e. expenses relating to a business purpose for travelling such as to complete a deal or attend a business conference.
Melissa does not get to deduct expenses for personal leisure activities. All the expenses listed above relate to her sightseeing of the national parks and are therefore personal leisure expenses that cannot be deducted as business expenses.
