Assuming that the withdrawals account is a temporary capital account that needs to be closed at the end of the year, the entry to close the withdrawals account would be:
Debit: Withdrawals account for $5,900
Credit: K. Canopy, Capital account for $5,900
This entry effectively transfers the balance of the withdrawals account to the capital account of the owner, K. Canopy.
This reflects the fact that the withdrawals account represents the owner's draws or personal use of business funds, which are not considered expenses of the business. By closing the withdrawals account, the business's financial statements will reflect the true profit or loss of the business for the year.
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The following transactions apply to ozark sales for year 1:
a. the business was started when the company received $48,500 from the issue of common stock.
b. purchased merchandise inventory of $175,500 on account. sold merchandise for $197,000 cash (not including sales tax).
c. sales tax of 7 percent is collected when the merchandise is sold. the merchandise had a cost of $122,000.
d. provided a six-month warranty on the merchandise sold. based on industry estimates, the warranty claims would amount to 5 percent of sales.
e. paid the sales tax to the state agency on $147,000 of the sales.
f. on september 1, year 1, borrowed $19,500 from the local bank. the note had a 6 percent interest rate and matured on march 1, year 2.
g. paid $5,600 for warranty repairs during the year. paid operating expenses of $54,500 for the year.
h. paid $124,000 of accounts payable.
i. recorded accrued interest on the note issued in transaction number 6.
required:
prepare the income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows for 2018.
The income statement shows the company's revenue, expenses, and net income for the year. The balance sheet shows the company's assets, liabilities, and equity at the end of the year. The statement of cash flows shows the company's cash inflows and outflows for the year.
1) Income Sheet:
Sales revenue: $197,000
Less: Cost of goods sold: $122,000
Gross profit: $75,000
Less: Warranty expense: $9,850 ($197,000 x 5%)
Operating expenses: $54,500
Interest expense: $585 ($19,500 x 6% x 6/12)
Net income: $9,065
2) Balance Sheet:
Assets:
Cash: $15,500
Accounts receivable: $0
Merchandise inventory: $53,500 ($175,500 - $122,000)
Prepaid expenses: $0
Total current assets: $69,000
Property, plant, and equipment: $0
Total assets: $69,000
Liabilities and Equity:
Accounts payable: $0
Warranty liability: $9,850
Notes payable: $19,500
Total current liabilities: $29,350
Common stock: $48,500
Retained earnings: $9,150 ($9,065 - $585)
Total liabilities and equity: $69,000
3) Statement of Cash Flows:
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income: $9,065
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation: $0
Warranty expense: $9,850
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in accounts payable: $124,000
Net cash provided by operating activities: ($105,085)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock: $48,500
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable: $19,500
Net cash provided by financing activities: $68,000
Net increase in cash: $15,500
Cash at beginning of year: $0
Cash at end of year: $15,500
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antonio has $4000 saved to use for a down payment, and he’s about to buy a car that costs $29,000. how much would you expect his loan principal to be?
The loan principal that Antonio would have, would most likely be $ 25,000.
How to find the loan principal?At the start of a transaction, particularly when acquiring an expensive item such as a car or house, it is customary to provide an initial payment in cash known as a down payment.
If Antonio pays $4,000 upfront and the car costs $29,000 in its entirety, the loan principal would represent the dissimilarity between these values.
The loan principal is therefore:
= Total cost of the car - Down payment
= $ 29, 000 - $ 4 ,000
= $25,000
Therefore, we can expect Antonio's loan principal to be $25,000.
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The loan principal Antonio would need to secure is $25,000, calculated by subtracting his $4000 down payment from the total car cost of $29,000.
Explanation:Antonio has $4000 saved for a down payment on a car costing $29,000. The loan principal, or the total amount Antonio needs to borrow to cover the remaining cost of the car, can be calculated by subtracting the down payment from the total cost of the car. Therefore, Antonio's loan principal would be $29,000 - $4000, which equals $25,000. The loan principal is the initial amount of money borrowed before any interest or fees are added.
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A company reported the following information for Year 1:
Net income $34,000
Owner contribution 9,000
Deferred gain on a highly effective cash-flow hedge 8,000
Foreign currency translation gain 2,000
Prior service cost not recognized in net periodic pension cost 5,000
What is the amount of other comprehensive income for Year 1?
A) $43,000
B) $5,000
C) $14,000
D) $15,000
The amount of other comprehensive income for Year 1 can be calculated by adding up the deferred gain on a highly effective cash-flow hedge, foreign currency translation gain, and prior service cost not recognized in net periodic pension cost. Therefore, the amount of other comprehensive income for Year 1 would be $15,000 (8,000 + 2,000 + 5,000).
Net income and owner contribution do not contribute to other comprehensive income, as they are part of the company's overall financial performance for the year. Other comprehensive income includes gains and losses that are not part of the company's regular business operations, such as those resulting from changes in the value of investments or fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
It's important to note that other comprehensive income is reported separately from net income on a company's financial statements. This is because it represents gains and losses that are not directly related to the company's ongoing operations and may not be reflective of its long-term financial health. However, it still provides valuable information to investors and stakeholders who are interested in understanding the full scope of a company's financial performance.
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should tesla deliver cars to customers on a first come first served basis ( in order of when deposits were places)?
In general, delivering cars to customers on a first-come, first-served basis (in order of when deposits were placed) is a fair and transparent approach that can help to manage customer expectations and build trust in Tesla.
Delivering cars to customers on a first-come, first-served basis (in order of when deposits were placed) is a fair and transparent approach for several reasons. First, it helps to ensure that the allocation of vehicles is done in a consistent and equitable manner, without any bias or preferential treatment towards certain customers.
This can help to build trust and loyalty among customers, who will feel that they are being treated fairly and given a fair chance to receive their order.Second, this approach can help to manage customer expectations, as customers will know where they stand in the delivery queue and will have a better idea of when they can expect to receive their car.
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The world price of a pound of almonds is $4. 50. before uruguay allowed trade in almonds, the price of a pound of almonds there was $3. 0. once uruguay began allowing trade in almonds with other countries, uruguay began:.
Once Uruguay began allowing trade in almonds with other countries, the price of a pound of almonds in Uruguay would have increased.
This is because the world price of almonds is higher than the price that was being charged in Uruguay before trade was allowed.
The world price of almonds is determined by the forces of supply and demand on a global scale.
Since Uruguay is now participating in the global market, it would have to adjust its price to the world price in order to remain competitive.
This is because consumers in Uruguay now have access to cheaper almonds from other countries.
In summary, allowing trade in almonds with other countries would lead to an increase in the price of almonds in Uruguay as it adjusts to the world price.
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Suppose that the price of corn is risky, with a beta of 0. 3. The monthly storage cost is $0. 03 per bushel, and the current spot price is $2. 97, with an expected spot price in three months of $3. 13. If the expected rate of return on the market is 1. 6% per month, with a risk-free rate of 0. 9% per month, what is the expected futures cost
If the expected rate of return on the market is 1. 6% per month, with a risk-free rate of 0. 9% per month, then the expected futures cost is $3.074
To find the expected futures cost, we can use the formula:
F = S * e^((r - c) * t)
where:
F = expected futures cost
S = current spot price
r = expected rate of return on the market
c = storage cost
t = time to delivery
First, we need to find the expected rate of return on the corn futures contract. We can use the CAPM equation:
r_f = r_f + β*(r_m - r_f)
where:
r_f = risk-free rate
β = beta
r_m = expected rate of return on the market
Plugging in the values, we get:
r_futures = 0.9% + 0.3*(1.6% - 0.9%) = 1.14%
Next, we can calculate the time to delivery in months:
t = 3 months
Now we can plug in all the values into the futures cost formula:
F = $2.97 * e^((0.0114 - 0.03) * 3) = $3.074
Therefore, the expected futures cost is $3.074 per bushel.
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Mahrouq Technologies buys $13,431,550 of materials (net of discounts) on terms of 4/30, net 60, and it currently pays within 30 days and takes discounts. Mahrouq plans to expand, and this will require additional financing. If Mahrouq decides to forego discounts and thus to obtain additional credit from its suppliers, calculate the nominal cost of that credit
If Mahrouq decides to forego discounts and thus to obtain additional credit from its suppliers, then the nominal cost of that credit is 60.11%.
To calculate the nominal cost of credit for Mahrouq Technologies when they decide to forego discounts and obtain additional credit from suppliers, follow these steps:
1. Determine the discount percentage: In this case, the discount offered is 4% (4/100).
2. Calculate the amount of the discount: To find the amount of the discount, multiply the materials cost by the discount percentage.
$13,431,550 × 0.04 = $537,262
3. Determine the net payable amount: Subtract the discount amount from the total materials cost.
$13,431,550 - $537,262 = $12,894,288
4. Calculate the credit period: The credit period is the difference between the net terms and the discount period. In this case, it's 60 days (net 60) minus 30 days (4/30), which equals 30 days.
5. Determine the number of credit periods in a year: Divide 365 days by the credit period.
365 days ÷ 30 days = 12.17 periods (rounded to two decimal places)
6. Calculate the nominal cost of credit: Use the following formula:
Nominal cost of credit = (1 + discount percentage)^(number of credit periods) - 1
(1 + 0.04)^12.17 - 1 ≈ 0.6011 or 60.11%
So, if Mahrouq Technologies decides to forego discounts and obtain additional credit from its suppliers, the nominal cost of that credit would be approximately 60.11%.
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Herjavec Enterprises is thinking about introducing a new surface cleaning machine. The marketing department has come up with the estimate that the company can sell 20 units per year at $235,000 net cash flow per unit for the next five years. The engineering department has come up with the estimate that developing the machine will take a $17. 6 million initial investment. The finance department has estimated that a discount rate of 11 percent should be used.
a. What is the base-case NPV? (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, rounded to 2 decimal places, e. G. , 1,234,567. 89. )
b. If unsuccessful, after the first year, the project can be dismantled and will have an aftertax salvage value of $10. 4 million. Also, after the first year expected cash flows will be revised up to 30 units per year or down to 0 units with equal probability. What is the revised NPV? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, rounded to 2 decimal places, e. G. , 1,234,567. 89. )
Bob wants to sell his home and doesn’t want to pay a fee, but he realizes he might have more prospects if he uses a broker. Bob puts the following ad in the paper, "Large lot, 3 bedrooms, energy features, 121 Gilmore court – Broker’s welcome, will pay 3%. " If several brokers accept Bob’s offer and bring buyers through the property, what type of listing agreement might they have with Bob?
If several brokers accept Bob's offer and bring buyers through the property, they may have a non-exclusive listing agreement with Bob. In this type of agreement, Bob reserves the right to sell the property himself, without owing a commission to the broker. However, if the broker finds a buyer who ultimately purchases the property, they will be entitled to a commission of 3% as stated in the ad.
The non-exclusive listing agreement allows Bob to work with multiple brokers simultaneously, increasing the chances of finding a buyer. It also gives him the flexibility to sell the property on his own without any obligation to the broker.
It is important to note that in a non-exclusive listing agreement, the broker does not have an exclusive right to market the property, and the homeowner can work with other brokers or even sell the property on their own. The agreement typically outlines the responsibilities of both parties, including the marketing plan, showing arrangements, and commission structure.
In conclusion, by offering a commission to brokers in his ad, Bob is inviting them to bring potential buyers to his property. If a broker brings a buyer who purchases the property, they will be entitled to a commission under a non-exclusive listing agreement. This agreement provides flexibility for the homeowner while still giving the broker a chance to earn a commission.
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A certain U. S. Government savings bond can be purchased for $7,500. This bond will be worth $10,000 when it matures in 5 years. As an alternative, a 60-month certificate of deposit (CD) can be purchased for $7,500 from a local bank, and the CD yields 6. 25% per year. Which is the better investment if your personal MARR is 5% per year? Assume annual compounding for CD
Savings bond, the present worth (PV) can be calculated using the formula:
PV = FV / (1 + i)^n
We can calculate the present worth of the savings bond as follows:
PV = $10,000 / (1 + 0.05) ^ 5
= $7,671.78
For the CD, we can use the formula for the future value (FV) of a lump sum investment with annual compounding:
Calculation of future value of the CD as follows:
FV = $7,500 × (1 + 0.0625) ^ 5
= $9,772.16
To calculate the present worth of the CD, we need to discount the future value back to the present value using the same formula as for the savings bond:
PV = $9,772.16 / (1 + 0.05) ^ 5
= $7,348.56
Comparing the two present worth values, we can see that the savings bond has a higher present worth, so it would be the better investment. Therefore, if your personal MARR is 5% per year, the U.S. Government savings bond would be the better investment compared to the 60-month CD offered by the local bank.
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when the expansion of an industry leads to higher input prices, that industry experiences responses a external diseconomies of scale.external diseconomies of scale. b internal diseconomies of scale.internal diseconomies of scale. c increasing returns.increasing returns. d diminishing returns.
The development of an industry prompts higher information costs, the business encounters reactions to external diseconomies of scale.
The option (A) is correct.
The extended interest for inputs that goes with the expansion in industry yield prompts higher info costs. Outer diseconomies insinuate factors that occur unchangeable as far as the affiliation might be concerned. For example, the close-by establishment could mean workers slow down in busy time gridlock or experience the evil impacts of train delays.
This could achieve staff to be late, focused, and subsequently, wasteful. Similarly, the extension of an industry leads to higher info value in the business experience outer diseconomies of scale.
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What ethical choices did dr muehlhoff make in his conversation with jenna hiller about the relevance of ethics to communication
Dr. Muehlhoff made several ethical choices in his conversation with Jenna Hiller about the relevance of ethics to communication. Firstly, he chose to acknowledge the importance of ethical considerations in communication, emphasizing the impact that our words and actions can have on others. This shows a commitment to treating others with respect and integrity.
In Dr. Muehlhoff's conversation with Jenna Hiller about the relevance of ethics to communication, he made several ethical choices. These include:
1. Respect: Dr. Muehlhoff respected Jenna Hiller's perspective and allowed her to express her thoughts on the topic without interruption or condescension.
2. Active listening: He actively listened to Jenna's arguments and concerns, ensuring that he fully understood her point of view before responding.
3. Honesty: Dr. Muehlhoff provided honest feedback and shared his own thoughts on the relevance of ethics in communication, without trying to manipulate Jenna's opinion.
4. Open-mindedness: He remained open to considering Jenna's viewpoint, even if it may have differed from his own beliefs on the matter.
5. Fairness: Dr. Muehlhoff treated Jenna's opinions fairly and provided a balanced response, considering both the advantages and disadvantages of ethics in communication.
By demonstrating these ethical principles in his conversation with Jenna Hiller, Dr. Muehlhoff underscored the importance of ethics in effective communication.
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Imagine you have been hired as a consultant to support a firm that wishes to expand its operations internationally. your first assignment is to explain to the ceo and their staff the importance of understanding the difference between domestic expansion and international expansion. for your initial discussion post, consider the following questions as a basis to your explanation to the ceo:
a. why is foreign investment so different from domestic investment?
b. what should c-level executives consider in expanding internationally, as compared to domestically?
c. what types of risk mitigation techniques could you suggest to the executives so that the firm can be successful in the proposed expansion?
It is important to understand the differences between domestic and international expansion.
Foreign investment is different from domestic investment for several reasons. First and foremost, foreign investment involves entering into unfamiliar territory with different cultural, legal, and economic systems. These differences can impact everything from the availability of resources to the regulatory environment. Additionally, foreign investment may require a different approach to marketing and branding in order to appeal to new audiences.
When expanding internationally, c-level executives should consider a variety of factors that may not be relevant in domestic expansion. These may include factors such as political stability, currency fluctuations, language barriers, and the availability of skilled labor. Executives should also be prepared to navigate local laws and regulations that may differ significantly from those in their home country.
To mitigate the risks associated with international expansion, there are several techniques that executives can employ. These may include partnering with local firms or hiring local experts who can provide guidance on cultural norms and business practices. Executives may also consider investing in market research to better understand the needs and preferences of their target audience. Finally, it is important to maintain flexibility and adaptability, as unforeseen challenges may arise during the expansion process.
In conclusion, international expansion offers significant opportunities for growth and profitability, but it requires a different approach than domestic expansion. By understanding the unique challenges and risks associated with foreign investment, and employing appropriate risk mitigation techniques, your firm can successfully expand its operations internationally.
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WTO)1. Why is it important to be familiar with the philosophy and provisions of the GATT?(NAFTA)2. If a certain course of action with respect to the environment is illegal in Canada but legal in Mexico, which domestic legal standard should a Canadian company follow when operating in Mexico? Why? Consider the legal, ethical and reputational consequences.(NAFTA)3. What is the significance of rules of origin? What is area treatment? Is it necessary for goods to be wholly obtained or produced in North America to qualify for area treatment? Explain.(EU and CETA)4. Explain some of the major concerns with the worldwide proliferation of free trade agreements (i.e. CETA, NAFTA, etc.)
GATT helps in ensuring that countries adhere to its principles, such as non-discrimination, tariff reductions, and transparency, which ultimately fosters economic growth and development.
1. It is important to be familiar with the philosophy and provisions of the GATT because it provides a framework for international trade and promotes free trade among its members.
2. When operating in Mexico, a Canadian company should follow the domestic legal standard of Mexico. This is because they are bound by the legal jurisdiction of the country they are operating in. However, the company should also consider the ethical and reputational consequences of their actions.
3. The significance of rules of origin is to determine the country in which a product is considered to have originated for the purpose of international trade. Area treatment refers to preferential treatment given to goods originating from a specific region or group of countries.
It is not necessary for goods to be wholly obtained or produced in North America to qualify for area treatment. As long as the goods meet the criteria set by NAFTA's rules of origin, which may include substantial transformation or regional value content requirements, they can qualify for area treatment.
4. Some major concerns with the worldwide proliferation of free trade agreements, such as CETA and NAFTA, include potential negative impacts on domestic industries, environmental degradation, and labor rights violations. These agreements may lead to job losses in certain industries, as companies move production to countries with lower labor costs.
Additionally, the pursuit of free trade can sometimes lead to a race to the bottom in terms of environmental and labor standards, as countries try to attract investment by reducing regulations. These concerns highlight the need for effective and responsible governance in managing international trade.
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Please create a break-even analysis on a Spreadsheet for a theatrical production. Please advise how many tickets must be sold to break even and what are the variable costs for the production?500 seats in the theatreThere will be 3 shows: Two on Saturday and one on a Sunday afternoon.The ticket price is $35 per person.During the month of January, the company put on 6 shows total which were for two weekends.Here are all costs associated with the production for the month of January.Theatre rental- $3000 for all six shows for both weekendsAdvertising- $600 for all six shows on both weekendsSalary and payroll-$3000 for all six shows for both weekendsInsurance- $2000 for all six shows for both weekendsFood for Crew and Artists- $500 for all six shows for both weekendsCostume and Makeup- $1,000 for all six shows for both weekendsMiscellaneous-$200 for all six shows for both weekendsComputer and Video Equipment- $1000 for all six shows for both weekendsSet Design- $5000 for all six shows for both weekends which will last all year.Legal Expenses- $2000 for the month of January.Please use the break-even point formula: BEP = FC / (P - AVC)
The break-even point for this theatrical production is 906 tickets (rounded up). This means that the company must sell at least 906 tickets to cover all fixed and variable costs.
To create a break-even analysis for this theatrical production, we first need to calculate the total fixed costs (FC) and the variable costs (AVC) per ticket sold. Total fixed costs for the month of January are:
Theatre rental: $3000
Advertising: $600
Salary and payroll: $3000
Insurance: $2000
Food for Crew and Artists: $500
Costume and Makeup: $1000
Miscellaneous: $200
Computer and Video Equipment: $1000
Set Design: $5000 (for the whole year but allocated to January's shows)
Legal Expenses: $2000
Total fixed costs = $19,300
Variable costs per ticket sold are:
Ticket price: $35
Total seats available: 500
Total tickets sold (assuming sold out shows): 500 x 3 = 1500
Variable costs per ticket: (Total fixed costs + Set Design) / Total tickets sold
Variable costs per ticket: ($19,300 + $5000) / 1500
Variable costs per ticket: $16.20
Now we can use the break-even point formula:
BEP = FC / (P - AVC)
BEP = $19,300 / ($35 - $16.20)
BEP = 905.14
Therefore, the break-even point for this theatrical production is 906 tickets (rounded up). This means that the company must sell at least 906 tickets to cover all fixed and variable costs. To calculate the variable costs for the production, we found that the variable cost per ticket is $16.20. This includes all costs associated with the production except for the fixed costs.
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(i) O Blinding Light Real Estate, Inc (OBL) and its cross-town competitor Holier Than Thou, Inc. (HTT), through its brokers, have agreed to not to take listings properties in certain zip codes and to only take listings in certain other upscale zip codes for not less than a commission of 6%. (ii) HTT has an internal office policy that all buyers must use Allie Boy Pest Control for Termite Inspections as a condition of using HTT’s services (iii) OBL has an internal office policy that all salespersons must charge a commission of 6% for all listings under $100,000.00. (iv) OBL is a member of the multiple list service (MLS) through the local realtor association. OBL and the other members of the MLS in the region refuse to share MLS listings with non-MLS-member brokers.(a) What, if any, prohibited conduct has occurred in the following? (3 sentences each or a short paragraph (including answer to subparts (a) and (b) of this question)(b) Does this any of this conduct have legal consequences? If so, what are the penalties?
This conduct falls under the category of illegal prohibited conduct because it is an example of market allocation. It can be concluded that this agreement between two real estate companies and their agents is a violation of the antitrust law.
On the other hand, the act of Holier Than Thou, Inc. (HTT) of having an internal office policy that all buyers must use Allie Boy Pest Control for Termite Inspections as a condition of using HTT’s services falls under the category of legal business behavior and does not pose any consequences. It is not considered as a violation of the antitrust law as it does not restrain trade or commerce. Similarly, OBL's internal office policy of charging a commission of 6% for all listings under $100,000.00 is also considered legal and does not pose any legal consequences. IN addition, OBL being a member of the multiple list service (MLS) through the local realtor association, and the refusal of OBL and other members of the MLS in the region to share MLS listings with non-MLS-member brokers is considered a prohibited conduct, as it violates the antitrust law. It is an agreement that restrains trade or commerce by refusing to provide information to non-members.The companies and the persons involved in the illegal conduct may face civil and criminal penalties. The penalties may include jail terms, payment of fines, payment of treble damages, and other equitable remedies as per the law.
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if it is higher or lower, what do you think may have caused it? (select all that apply.) a supplier increased the cost of one of the more common printer parts this company uses in the manufacturing process. at first there was a steep learning curve, but as more printers were manufactured direct labor costs decreased. there was an increase in the cost of direct labor due to an influx of many new employees. the expected manufacturing cost is equal to $198,250.
No, the direct labor and parts costs are not independent
The bivariate probability distribution provided in the problem shows the joint probability of direct labor (y) and parts (x) costs.
To calculate the marginal probability of parts cost, we need to sum up the joint probabilities over all possible values of direct labor cost. For example, the marginal probability of parts cost for x=43 can be obtained by summing up the joint probabilities for x=43 and all possible values of y.
P(X=43) = P(Y=85,X=43) + P(Y=95,X=43) + P(Y=55,X=43)
= 0.30 + 0 + 0
= 0.30
Similarly, we can calculate the marginal probabilities of parts cost for x=45 and x=48.
P(X=45) = 0.4
P(X=48) = 0.3
Now, we can check whether the joint probability distribution can be factorized into the product of marginal probabilities or not.
P(X,Y) = P(Y) x P(X)
Let's calculate the product of the marginal probabilities and see if it matches the joint probability distribution:
P(Y) x P(X) = (P(Y=85) + P(Y=95) + P(Y=55)) x (P(X=43) + P(X=45) + P(X=48))
= (0.30 + 0.4 + 0.3) * (0.30 + 0.4 + 0.3)
= 0.81
This implies that the direct labor and parts costs are dependent, and they cannot be considered as independent variables.
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Complete Question:
A company has developed a design for a high-quality portable printer. The two key components of manufacturing cost are direct labor and parts. During a testing period, the company has developed prototypes and conducted extensive product tests with the new printer. The company's engineers have developed the bivariate probability distribution shown below for the manufacturing costs. Parts cost (in dollars) per printer is represented by the random variable x and direct labor cost (in dollars) per printer is represented by the random variable y. Management would like to use this probability distribution to estimate manufacturing costs.
Direct Labor (y) 85 95 55
Parts (x) 43 45 48
Total 0.30 0.4 0.3 1.00
(e) Are direct labor and parts costs independent?
Forester company has five products in its inventory. information about the december 31, 2021, inventory follows. product quantity unitcost unitreplacementcost unitsellingpricea 800 $ 13 $ 15 $ 19 b 600 18 14 21 c 500 6 5 11 d 900 10 7 9 e 600 17 15 16 the cost to sell for each product consists of a 20 percent sales commission. the normal profit for each product is 30 percent of the selling price.required:1. determine the carrying value of inventory at december 31, 2021, assuming the lower of cost or market (lcm) rule is applied to individual products.2. determine the carrying value of inventory at december 31, 2021, assuming the lcm rule is applied to the entire inventory.3. assuming inventory write-downs are common for forester, record any necessary year-end adjusting entry based on the amount calculated in requirement 2.
This adjustment will decrease the value of inventory on the balance sheet and increase the expense on the income statement, reducing the company's net income.
Based on the information provided, Forester company has five different products in its inventory, with varying quantities, unit costs, unit replacement costs, and unit selling prices. To calculate the carrying value of inventory at December 31, 2021, we need to apply the lower of cost or market (LCM) rule.
To answer the first question, we need to determine the carrying value of each product individually by comparing the unit cost to the unit replacement cost and choosing the lower value. We then multiply the resulting value by the quantity of each product to arrive at the carrying value. After calculating the carrying value for each product, we add them all up to get the total carrying value of the inventory.
To answer the second question, we need to apply the LCM rule to the entire inventory. This means we compare the total cost of the inventory to the total market value of the inventory and choose the lower value. We then subtract the result from the total cost of the inventory to arrive at the carrying value.
For the third question, assuming inventory write-downs are common for Forester, we need to record an adjusting entry to decrease the inventory value by the difference between the current carrying value and the LCM value.
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machinery was purchased for $340,000 on january 1, 2022. freight charges amounted to $14,000 and there was a cost of $40,000 for building a foundation and installing the machinery. it is estimated that the machinery will have a $60,000 salvage value at the end of its 5-year useful life. what is the amount of accumulated depreciation at december 31, 2023 if the straight-line method of depreciation is used? question 7 options: $133,600. $66,800. $57,200. $114,400.
To determine the accumulated depreciation at December 31, 2023, we need to calculate the annual depreciation expense first. The machinery cost $340,000 and has a $60,000 salvage value, which means the depreciable amount is $280,000 ($340,000 - $60,000).Since the useful life is 5 years,
the annual depreciation expense is $56,000 ($280,000 ÷ 5). Next, we need to determine the depreciation expense for 2022 and 2023. For 2022, the machinery was in use for the full year, so the depreciation expense is $56,000. For 2023, the machinery was in use for only one year, so the depreciation expense is also $56,000.
Therefore, the total accumulated depreciation at December 31, 2023 is $112,000 ($56,000 + $56,000). This represents the total depreciation that has been recorded on the machinery since its purchase on January 1, 2022. It's important to note that the cost of freight and building a foundation and installing the machinery are not included in the depreciable amount. These costs are considered to be part of the initial cost of the machinery and are not subject to depreciation.
In conclusion, the amount of accumulated depreciation at December 31, 2023, using the straight-line method of depreciation, is $112,000.
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An American deposits $10,000 in an account in a London bank. In the U. S. Balance of payments, this transaction causes the balance on the _____ account to _____.
financial; increase
financial; decrease
current; increase
current; decrease
The correct answer is "financial; decrease" when considering the U.S. balance of payments. Thus option B is the answer.
Suppose, when an American deposits $10,000 in an account in a London bank, it is considered a financial transaction because it involves the transfer of funds between countries. This transaction represents an inflow of foreign investment into the United Kingdom, resulting in an increase in the financial account balance for the UK.
However, from the perspective of the U.S. balance of payments, the transaction causes a decrease in the financial account balance. This is because the deposit by the American in the London bank represents an outflow of financial capital from the U.S. to the UK.
The financial account measures the flow of financial capital between countries, and a deposit by an American in a London bank represents a decrease in the U.S. financial account balance. Therefore, the correct answer is "financial; decrease" when considering the U.S. balance of payments.
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if the company has no process to manage billing for products or services, it probably does not have a(n) policy.
If the company has no process to manage billing for products or services, it probably does not have an) purchasing policy. So the option D is correct.
A purchasing policy is a set of procedures and guidelines that an organization uses to purchase goods and services. It establishes rules, regulations, and procedures that must be followed when making purchases and defines who is authorized to make purchases, what type of purchases can be made, and how the purchases should be recorded and tracked.
Without a purchasing policy, an organization may have inconsistent or inadequate purchasing practices, which can lead to significant financial losses or fraud. A purchasing policy can also help ensure that the organization is compliant with applicable laws and regulations, as well as promoting ethical and responsible purchasing practices. So the option D is correct.
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The complete question is:
If the company has no process to manage billing for products or services, it probably does not have an) ___ policy.
A. credit
B. inventory
C. payables
D. purchasing
in the case of unions, the conflict of interest between different groups of workers results in insiders wanting , while outsiders want . a. more hirings; high wages b. high wages; more hirings c. high wages; fewer hirings d. fewer hirings; high wages
In the case of unions, there is often a conflict of interest between different groups of workers, which results in insiders wanting high wages, while outsiders want more hirings. Insiders refer to those who are already part of the union, whereas outsiders are those who are seeking to join the union or who may have been excluded from the union for some reason.
The conflict between insiders and outsiders arises because higher wages benefit those who are already employed and are part of the union, whereas more hirings benefit those who are seeking employment or who have been excluded from the union. Insiders want to maintain their current wages and benefits, and may be reluctant to share those benefits with outsiders. On the other hand, outsiders want to gain access to the benefits of union membership, including higher wages and better working conditions.
In general, the focus of union negotiations tends to be on securing higher wages and better working conditions for insiders, rather than on increasing the number of job opportunities available to outsiders. This can create tension and conflict within the union, as outsiders may feel that their interests are being neglected or ignored. Ultimately, the balance between the interests of insiders and outsiders will depend on a range of factors, including the strength of the union, the state of the job market, and the political climate.
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A major equipment purchase is being considered by Metro Atlanta. The initial cost is determined to be $1,000,000. It is estimated that this new equipment will save $100,000 the first year and increase gradually by $50,000 every year for the next 6 years. MARR = 10%.
Required:
a. The payback period for this equipment purchase is:_______
b. The B/C ratio for this investment is:__________
c. The NFW of this investment is : __________
d. Tara invests $2,500 today and another $1,500 a year from now. Her investments starting year 2 keeps increasing by $100 every year for the next 10 years from today. She stops investing from year 1 1 until year 20. If she earns a rate of return of 7% on her investments, determine future worth of her investments 20 years from now?
a. To calculate the payback period, we need to find out how many years it takes for the total cash inflows to equal the initial investment.
Year 1 cash inflow: $100,000
Year 2 cash inflow: $150,000
Year 3 cash inflow: $200,000
Year 4 cash inflow: $250,000
Year 5 cash inflow: $300,000
Year 6 cash inflow: $350,000
Total cash inflows = $1,350,000
Payback period = $1,000,000 ÷ $100,000 = 10 years
b. To calculate the B/C ratio, we need to find the present value of all the cash inflows and divide it by the initial investment.
PV of Year 1 cash inflow: $100,000 ÷ (1 + 10%)^1 = $90,909.09
PV of Year 2 cash inflow: $150,000 ÷ (1 + 10%)^2 = $113,636.36
PV of Year 3 cash inflow: $200,000 ÷ (1 + 10%)^3 = $136,363.64
PV of Year 4 cash inflow: $250,000 ÷ (1 + 10%)^4 = $159,090.91
PV of Year 5 cash inflow: $300,000 ÷ (1 + 10%)^5 = $181,818.18
PV of Year 6 cash inflow: $350,000 ÷ (1 + 10%)^6 = $203,214.23
Total present value of cash inflows = $885,032.01
B/C ratio = Total present value of cash inflows ÷ Initial investment = $885,032.01 ÷ $1,000,000 = 0.885
c. To calculate the NFW, we need to find the present value of all cash inflows and subtract the initial investment.
Total present value of cash inflows:
PV of Year 1 cash inflow: $90,909.09
PV of Year 2 cash inflow: $113,636.36
PV of Year 3 cash inflow: $136,363.64
PV of Year 4 cash inflow: $159,090.91
PV of Year 5 cash inflow: $181,818.18
PV of Year 6 cash inflow: $203,214.23
Total present value of cash inflows = $885,032.01
NFW = Total present value of cash inflows - Initial investment = $885,032.01 - $1,000,000 = -$114,967.99 (negative NFW means the investment is not worthwhile)
d. To calculate the future worth of Tara's investments after 20 years, we need to find the present value of her investments today and then compound it for 20 years at a rate of 7%.
Present value of Tara's investments today:
Investment 1: $2,500
Investment 2: $1,500 ÷ (1 + 7%)^1 = $1,401.87
Investment 3: $1,600.87 ÷ (1 + 7%)^1 = $1,491.10
Investment 4: $1,700.97 ÷ (1 + 7%)^1 = $1,583.05
Investment 5: $1,802.12 ÷ (1 + 7%)^1 = $1,676.76
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given a project's expected cash flows, it is easy to calculate its npv, irr, mirr, payback, and discounted payback. cash flows are estimated based on information from various sources. there is uncertainty in a project's forecasted cash flows, and some projects are more uncertain and thus riskier than others. the most critical step in capital budgeting analysis is -select- estimation. the key is to focus on only -select- . factors that complicate the analysis are sunk costs, opportunity costs, externalities, changes in net operating working capital, and salvage values. adjustments to the analysis must be made for -select- . we concentrate on expansion project analyses here but there are similarities when analyzing replacement projects. give the correct response to each of the following questions. which of the following items should be included in the capital budgeting analysis? -select- an outlay that was incurred in the past and cannot be recovered in the future regardless of whether the project under consideration is accepted is known as -select- . which of the following is an example of an opportunity cost? a. a publisher introduces a new textbook which reduces sales of one of their existing textbooks. b. a firm has land that can be used in building a new store. if the new store is not built, the firm could sell the land for $2 million (net of taxes). c. apple's investment in the itunes music store boosted sales of its ipod. d. the cost of a report done 2 years ago to investigate the potential of a new plant and the permits required to build it. e. statements a and d are both examples of opportunity costs. the correct response is -select- . which of the following is an example of cannibalization? a. a publisher introduces a new textbook which reduces sales of one of their existing textbooks. b. a firm has land that can be used in building a new store. if the new store is not built, the firm could sell the land for $2 million (net of taxes). c. apple's investment in the itunes music store boosted sales of its ipod. d. the cost of a report done 2 years ago to investigate the potential of a new plant and the permits required to build it. e. statements c and d are both examples of cannibalization. the correct response is -select- .
The most critical step in capital budgeting analysis is cash flow estimation. The correct option d. incremental cash flows.
This is because incremental cash flows represent the actual inflows and outflows of cash that will result from a project, and are therefore the most relevant and accurate measure of a project's financial impact. Incremental cash flows take into account only the cash flows that are directly attributable to the project, and exclude any cash flows that would occur regardless of whether the project is undertaken or not.
By focusing on incremental cash flows, analysts can accurately assess a project's profitability and risk, and make informed decisions about whether to undertake the project or not.
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Full Question: Given a project's expected cash flows, it is easy to calculate its NPV, IRR, MIRR, payback, and discounted payback. Cash flows are estimated based on information from various sources. There is uncertainty in a project's forecasted cash flows, and some projects are more uncertain and thus riskier than others. In this chapter, we illustrate how project cash flows are estimated, discuss techniques for measuring risk, and discuss how to choose between projects that have significantly different lives, are mutually exclusive, and can be repeated.
The most critical step in capital budgeting analysis is cash flow estimation.
The key is to focus on only
a. relevant
b. net income
c. incremental accounting income or
d. incremental cash flows.
compare two situations: year 1. real gdp increases, and at the same time, interest rates increase. year 2. real gdp increases, and at the same time, interest rates decrease. what is a possible explanation for the difference? select an answer and submit. for keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a an increase in the money supply may have caused the increase in gdp in year 1; a decrease in spending may have caused the increase in gdp in year 2. b an increase in spending may have caused the increase in gdp in year 1; an increase in the money supply may have caused the increase in gdp in year 2. c an increase in spending may have caused the increase in gdp in year 1; a decrease in spending caused the increase in gdp in year 2. d an increase in the money supply may have caused the increase in gdp in year 1 and the increase in gdp in year 2.
An increase in spending may have caused the increase in GDP in year 1; a decrease in spending caused the increase in GDP in year. (option c)
In the first scenario, an increase in GDP might have been caused by an increase in the money supply. This is because when there is more money in circulation, people tend to spend more, which can lead to an increase in GDP. However, when there is more money circulating in the economy, banks may increase interest rates to control inflation, which can discourage borrowing and spending.
In the second scenario, an increase in GDP might have been caused by a decrease in spending. This can happen when people and businesses become more cautious with their spending due to economic uncertainty, such as a recession. In response, the central bank may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing and spending, which can boost economic growth.
It's important to note that there are other factors that can affect GDP and interest rates, such as government policies and international trade. However, understanding the relationship between GDP and interest rates can help us make sense of how the economy works and how it affects our daily lives.
Hence the correct option is (c).
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Accounts receivable are reported in the current assets section of the balance sheet at:.
Accounts receivable are reported in the current assets section of the balance sheet at their net realizable value (NRV). The net realizable value is the amount that the company expects to collect from its outstanding accounts receivable balances.
To arrive at the net realizable value, the company subtracts any estimated uncollectible amounts (i.e., bad debts) from the total accounts receivable balance.
This is done to reflect the fact that some customers may not pay their outstanding balances, and the company may have to write off these amounts as bad debt expenses.
For example, if a company has $100,000 in accounts receivable but estimates that $5,000 of these amounts will be uncollectible, the net realizable value would be $95,000 ($100,000 - $5,000). The company would report the accounts receivable on the balance sheet at this net realizable value.
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According to patrick dawson and andriopoulos (2017), the _____ factor refers to the past, present, and future in which an organization functions.
According to Patrick Dawson and Andriopoulos (2017), the "temporal" factor refers to the past, present, and future in which an organization functions. Temporal factors can have a significant impact on an organization's success or failure. Understanding the past helps an organization learn from past mistakes and successes. Understanding the present involves assessing current internal and external factors that may impact the organization's performance, such as the economy, industry trends, and competition. Lastly, understanding the future involves forecasting and planning for potential future changes and challenges.
Focusing on the temporal factor can be useful for strategic planning and decision-making. By analyzing the past, present, and future, organizations can develop effective strategies to achieve their goals and remain competitive. For example, if an organization's past performance has been weak, they may need to restructure their operations, invest in employee training, or update their technology. If the current economic situation is uncertain, the organization may need to diversify its products or services to ensure stability. Additionally, if the organization predicts future changes in consumer behavior or technological advancements, they may need to invest in research and development to stay ahead of the curve.
Overall, understanding the temporal factor is crucial for any organization that wants to succeed in the long term. By analyzing the past, present, and future, organizations can adapt to changes and challenges and stay competitive in a constantly evolving business landscape.
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Required sales in dollars to meet a target net income is computed by dividing fixed costs plus target net income by contribution margin ratio. Total costs plus target net income by contribution margin ratio. Fixed costs plus target net income by unit contribution margin. Variable costs plus target net income by unit contribution margin
To calculate the required sales in dollars to meet a target net income, we need to use the formula of dividing fixed costs plus target net income by contribution margin ratio. Therefore, option A is the right one.
The contribution margin ratio is the difference between sales and variable costs and is expressed as a percentage of sales. It represents the amount of sales revenue that contributes towards covering fixed costs and generating net income.
For instance, if a company has fixed costs of $50,000 and a target net income of $20,000, and a contribution margin ratio of 30%, the required sales in dollars would be $233,333. This is calculated by dividing the sum of fixed costs and target net income ($70,000) by the contribution margin ratio (30%).
It's important to note that the contribution margin ratio can vary depending on the product or service being sold and the sales mix. Therefore, it's crucial for companies to understand their contribution margin ratios to determine the required sales to achieve their target net income.
In summary, to calculate the required sales in dollars to meet a target net income, we need to divide fixed costs plus target net income by contribution margin ratio. This formula helps businesses understand the minimum level of sales needed to cover their fixed costs and achieve their desired net income. Thus, formula in option A is the appropriate one.
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You are looking at option prices on calls and puts and noticed that Biogen Idec (BIIB) is currently selling at $319. 55. You look up the price of a call and a put with a strike price of $300 and maturing in 6 months. The price of the call is $40. 80 and the put is $19. 25. Assume BIIB does not pay a dividend. You also noticed the risk free rate is 2% per annum with continuous compounding for the next six months. If there is a mispricing, generate an arbitrage thatwill allow you to exploit this mispricingotherwise show that no arbitrage can be made. What do you long and what do you short
The profit will be the difference between the sale price of the stock and the sum of the call option cost and the proceeds from the put option sale, which is: Profit = $19.30
To determine if there is a mispricing, we need to calculate the theoretical prices of the call and put options using the Black-Scholes model:
Call price = S*N(d₁) - Ke^(-rT)*N(d₂)
Put price = Ke^(-rT)N(-d₂) - SN(-d₁)
where:
S = current stock price = $319.55
K = strike price = $300
r = risk-free rate = 2% per annum with continuous compounding for 6 months, so r = 0.02*0.5 = 0.01
T = time to maturity in years = 6 months/12 months = 0.5
σ = implied volatility
To calculate σ, we can use the given option prices and the Black-Scholes formula for the call and put options:
Call price = S*N(d₁) - Ke^(-rT)*N(d₂)
d₁ = (ln(S/K) + (r + σ²/2)T) / (σ√(T))
d₂ = d1 - σ√(T)
Put price = Ke^(-rT)N(-d₂) - SN(-d₁)
d1 = (ln(S/K) + (r + σ^2/2)T) / (σ√(T))
d₂ = d₁ - σ*√T)
Using a numerical method such as Newton-Raphson, we can solve for σ such that the calculated call and put prices match the given call and put prices. After some calculation, we get:
σ = 0.3136
Using this implied volatility, we can calculate the theoretical prices of the call and put options:
Call price = $44.70
Put price = $15.08
Comparing the theoretical prices to the given prices, we see that there is a mispricing. The call option is underpriced by $3.90 ($40.80 - $44.70), while the put option is overpriced by $4.17 ($19.25 - $15.08).
To exploit this mispricing, we can use a conversion-arbitrage strategy. The strategy involves buying the underpriced call option, shorting the stock, and simultaneously selling the overpriced put option. The proceeds from the sale of the put option will be used to fund the purchase of the call option and short sale of the stock.
Here are the steps:
Buy one BIIB call option with a strike price of $300 and maturing in 6 months for $40.80.
Short sell one share of BIIB stock for $319.55.
Sell one BIIB put option with a strike price of $300 and maturing in 6 months for $19.25.
Collect the proceeds from the sale of the put option, which is $19.25.
Use the proceeds to buy the call option, which costs $40.80.
Simultaneously use the call option as collateral to cover the short sale of the stock.
Wait for the options to mature in 6 months.
At maturity, one of two things will happen:
If the stock price is above the strike price of $300, the call option will be exercised and the short sale of the stock will be covered with the shares acquired through the option exercise. The put option will expire worthless. The profit will be the difference between the sale price of the stock and the sum of the call option cost and the proceeds from the put option sale, which is:
Profit = ($319.55 - $300) - ($40.80 - $19.25)
Profit = $19.30
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1. Suppose a firm can hire workers for $40 per hour. The marginal product of the last worker hired is 80. This same firm can pay $60 to rent machines that do the same work as labor but at a higher rate of productivity. The marginal product of the last machine is 100. Is this firm at its cost-minimization combination of its inputs of labor and capital
No, this firm is not at its cost-minimization combination of its inputs of labor and capital.
The cost of hiring a worker is $40 per hour, while the cost of renting a machine is $60 per hour. The marginal product of the last worker hired is 80, while the marginal product of the last machine is 100. Since the cost of the machine is higher than the cost of labor but it produces more output, the firm should be using more machines and less labor in order to minimize its costs.
In this case, the cost of capital is higher than the cost of labor, but the marginal product of the machine is higher than the marginal product of the labor, which means that the firm would be able to achieve a lower cost by using machines instead of labor. Therefore, the firm is not at its cost-minimization combination of its inputs of labor and capital.
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