Answer:
In regard to clients and patients, practioners have a(n) healthy relationship which requires them to act primarily in the best interests of those they serve.
Explanation:
Health practioners learn communication strategies that allow them to better connect with users of health systems, provide patients with clear information to give them the opportunity to make important and informed decisions throughout the disease process, facilitating to feel them more involved in it and in many cases minimizing the suffering that comes with having a pathology.
When a person goes to the health consultations, they need a solution to certain needs that have arisen related to their well-being. Faced with this situation and in the first place, it requires clear and truthful information from practioners, in this way, the patient can responsibly assume his/her situation and the care to which him/her must submit. In a healthy relationship between practioners and patients, it is important to evaluate the information the patient gives and the appropriate measures in each case, making them more individualized recommendations. The factors that determine the satisfaction of this healthy relationship by patients are: accessibility, responsiveness and understanding, patients manifest a series of needs that, in order to be satisfied, must be previously understood and valued. In this healthy relationship, patients especially value that practioners listen to them and establish affective and assertive communication with them in a language understandable by both parties. These factors are intangible variables, since they are the individual or group behaviors, aptitudes and attitudes that decisively contribute both to the conformation of the patient's perceptions and their satisfaction, and to the value that the health center acquires for them: behavior and motivation of the staff, beliefs, norms and ways of thinking of the organization.
The human heart beats an estimated 2.0-2.5 billion times in a lifetime. Unlike the brain, which requires a constant feed of glucose to satisfy its energy needs, the heart is relatively plastic in its energy use, burning glucose, other carbs or even fats to meet its constant thirst for energy. Explain why this is important in the scheme of life. Why is the Mediterranean diet considered better for supplying needed nutrients to the heart and noted to reduce heart disease?
Answer:
the heart need more glucose because it is the power house of the body.
2. because it does not contain too much fats that can cause some heart diseases
The human heartbeats.
The heart is a four-chambered pump that contracts about one lakh times and each day the pumping is equivalent to about 2000 gallons of blood from the body. Thus the heartbeat about 2.5 bn times in seventy years of life. This mediterace is famous for healthy diets and accepted worldwide.
Thus the answer is Mediterranean diet is known to have needed nutrients that can stop heart diseases.
The heat or man takes in energy from the food that we eat and thus functions which are essential for the other parts of the body. The heart is thus maintained by a healthy diet and a healthy diet is said to have all the nutritional value that can be found in, Mediterranean-rich nations. These diets are traditional and consist of large amounts of fruits and vegetables and also include the special fish oils that have the ability to mediate heart stress and can prevent strokes.Learn more about the heartbeats.
bainly.com/question/12259989.
A client who follows the islamic faith has been hospitalized what kind of medicarion would rhis client likely refuse? Medication
With beef ingredients
Medication with pork ingredients
Medication with hala ingredients or
Medication with kosheR ingredients ?
Answer:
Medication with pork ingredients
Explanation:
Case Scenario: A 65-year-old man was hiking on a hot day. He was out about three hours in 100-degree temperature. His overall physical history is negative for disease, and he hikes frequently in this climate. After his hike, he headed home but had to stop and call 911. He became disoriented, tachycardic, and when reaching the hospital had a blood pressure of 90/50. Question: What concerns will the doctor have first for this person long term
The doctor's concerns are that it is most likely due to heat stroke because the patient has dehydration, tachycardia, and other symptoms, so the doctor must advise the patient to drink plenty of water and use electrolyte-balancing solutions.
What exactly is the significance of heat stroke?Heat stroke is a condition that occurs when a person's energy reserves are depleted due to excessive heat in the atmosphere, resulting in dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and, in severe cases, loss of senses and kidney disease if not discussed with a doctor.
Hence, the doctor's concerns are that it is most likely due to heat stroke because the patient has dehydration, tachycardia, and other symptoms, so the doctor must advise the patient to drink plenty of water and use electrolyte-balancing solutions.
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An 8-year-old girl comes to your ambulatory care clinic with complaints of left ear pain for the past 3 days. She had respiratory infection a week ago. On physical examination, the tympanic membrane is bulging. Answer the following questions:________.
1. What else should you ask the client?
2. What teaching would you reinforce to prevent the recurrence of otitis media?
3. What expected outcomes would be specific to this situation?
Answer:
The answer is below
Explanation:
Given the situation above
1. Some of the questions that will be asked from the client includes:
(a). Is your ear feel full?
b) is there any fluid coming out of your ear?
c). do you normally swim?
d). recently, is there anything stuck in your ear?
e). Is the pain from the ear so intense?
2. Some of the teaching to reinforce to prevent the recurrence of otitis media are:
a) Advise the client and her parents to clean the outer layer of the ear.
b) Avoid anything less than elbow in size, in the ear.
c) Ensure the ears are dry immediately after swimming or baths/showers.
3. Some of the expected outcomes that be specific to this situation are:
a) sleeplessness
b) ear pain
c) diarrhea
d) irritability
e) lack of balance
f) hearing loss
The coagulation factor that has a pivotal rule in coagulation cascade is?
Answer:
Factor X
Explanation:
Factor X plays a pivotal role in blood clotting at the point of convergence of the two coagulation pathways. Accordingly, several rare mutations in the factor X gene have been identified that give rise to bleeding tendencies of variable severity.
[tex]\huge\mathcal\red{AnSwEr }[/tex]
prothrombin
Activated thrombin leads to cleavage of fibrinogen into fibrin monomers that, upon polymerization, form a fibrin clot. Therefore, activation of prothrombin is crucial in physiological and pathophysiological coagulation.
A hospital is implementing a Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) for a disaster preparedness plan for the entire health system. Which resource can the staff educators use to assist with the education of health care providers who work within the system
Answer: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
Explanation:
Hospital incident Command system (HICS) is a foundation in the health sector that was developed in California for the purpose of managing emergencies and to be able to confront a wide variety of operational and fiscal challenges on a daily basis. The resources which the Staff educators can use to assist with the education of health care providers who work within the system is Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) provides employers, managers, supervisors, and workers with:
- Knowledge and skills needed to do their work safely and avoid creating hazards that could place themselves or others at risk.
- Awareness and understanding of workplace hazards and
- How to identify, report, and control these hazards.
This makes it an important resource for the staff educator to make use of for a disaster preparedness plan for the entire health system.
You find an 11-year-old child who is unresponsive and blue. She is not breathing normally and you cannot feel a carotid pulse. Her friend states that she collapsed and stopped moving after playing the “pass out” choking game. You are the only trained BLS provider. What do you need to do?
Answer:
call the medical number
Explanation:
On average, people need about 2,000 calories a day to provide energy for
their bodies.
True or false?
Entre 1500 y 2000 calorias al día
if a nursing assistant sees a resident who is not on his assignment sheet but who needs help, what should the NA do?
Answer:
An NA will receive assignments to perform tasks, care, and other duties for specific residents. If the NA sees a resident who needs helps even if the resident is not on their assigned sheet, the NA should provide the care.
Explanation:
Sorry if it does not explain that well.. I got this from Google... But at least I tryed.
The nursing assistant must give the needed care to them even if the resident is not being assigned in her area or assignment sheet.
Who is a nursing assistant?The person who assists with nursing duties in patient care including help with grooming, bathing, feeding, and activities of daily life is referred to as a nursing assistant.
As in the given scenario, the nursing assistant should give the needed care to them even if that resident is not being assigned in her area or assignment sheet.
Thus, this can be the way of treating the needy even in case where resident is not being assigned in her area or assignment sheet.
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The nurse is teaching a patient who will
begin taking furosemide. The nurse learns
that the patient has just begun a 2-week
course of a steroid medication. What will
the nurse recommend?
A Report a urine output greater than 600
mL/24 hours.
B
Take the furosemide at bedtime.
C
Consume licorice to prevent excess
potassium loss.
D
Obtain an order for a potassium
supplement
Explanation:
A) Report a urine output greater than 600mL/24hours
Perfect pitch is the ability to identify musical notes correctly without hearing another note as a reference. The probability that a randomly chosen person has perfect pitch is 0.0005.
Required:
a. If 20 students at Julliard School of Music art tested, and 2 are found 10 Moe perfect pitch, would you conclude at the .01 level of significance that Julliard students are more likely than the general population to have perfect pitch?
b. Show that normality of the sample proportion p should not be assumed.
Question:
Perfect pitch is the ability to identify musical notes correctly without hearing another note as a reference. The probability that a randomly chosen person has perfect pitch is 0.0005.
Required:
a. If 20 students at Julliard School of Music art tested, and 2 are found to have perfect pitch, would you conclude at the .01 level of significance that Julliard students are more likely than the general population to have perfect pitch?
b. Show that normality of the sample proportion p should not be assumed.
Answer:
See explanation below
Explanation:
Given:
Sample size, n = 20
Probability that a chosen person has perfect pitch = 0.0005
x
Level of significance = 0.01
a) Let's find the probability of 2 or more people with perfect pitch using bimonial distribution.
P(2 or more with perfect pitch ) =
P(x≥2) = 1 - P(x≤1)
P(x≥2 | n=20, p'=0.0005) = 0.00005
Since the probability of getting 2 or more people with perfect pitch, 0.00005, is significantly lower than the level of significance, 0.01, we conclude that Julliard students are more likely than the general population to have perfect pitch.
b) For normality to be assumed, [tex] n * \pi _0 [/tex] should be ≥5 for normal approximation.
Since [tex] n * \pi _0 [/tex] is too small, normality cannot be assumed.
A 37year-old male diagnosed with hypertension has been treated with a low sodium diet and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 50 mg qd for the past two months. He denies Family history of cardiovascular disease. At today's follow-up visit his BP=150/90 and T=I00 F. Physical examination reveals no bruits, clear chest, no atrial gallop, edema and tenderness of the left ankle, and an intact neurological system. Which laboratory values will provide the most useful follow-up information
Answer and explanation:
Laboratory analyses that are useful to assess the cardiovascular risk by evaluating the oxidative stress:
- To measure the 8-isoprostane concentration in plasma. It is possible to determine its level by using the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) assay.
- To measure the nitrite and nitrate concentrations, which may also be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The Griess reaction is specific for nitrite (and thereby it can be used to determine its level), while deproteinization methods enable to calculate the nitrite concentration.
You can read the following publication with detailed information about the methodologies above described:
P. S. Silva, V. Fontana, A.C. Palei, J.T. Sertório, C. Biagi, & J. E. Tanus-Santos (2011). Antihypertensive effects exerted by enalapril in mild to moderate hypertension are not associated with changes in the circulating levels of nitric oxide-related markers. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 67(4), 365-370.
A 60-year-old male reports that he is always tired. No matter how much he sleeps, he does not feel rested. His wife also states that he is a terrible snorer, and she is not getting any sleep either. The client's health problem can best be diagnosed by:
Answer: polysomnography.
Explanation:The client's most likely diagnosis is sleep apnea, which can bebest diagnosed through the use of polysomnography. This consists of EEG and EOG to determine the sleep stages.
25. Within the autonomic nervous system, preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on
a) postganglionic synapses.
b) visceral reflex responses.
c) motor neurons.
d) ganglionic neurons.
e) afferent neurons.
Within the autonomic nervous system, preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on postganglionic synapses. Thus, the correct option is A.
What is the Autonomic nervous system?The autonomic nervous system may be characterized as a command system that performs largely unconsciously and controls bodily operations, such as the heart rate, digestion, respiration, etc.
The autonomic nervous system regulates the function by operating the information at the preganglionic fibers which then leave the central nervous system of the body and then synapse on the postganglionic synapses of the peripheral nervous system.
Therefore, within the autonomic nervous system, preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on postganglionic synapses. Thus, the correct option is A.
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A physician orders Lanoxin elixir qd for an 81-pound child based on 3.4 mcg/ kg/day. Lanoxin (digoxin) Pediatric Elixir is 50 mcg (0.05 mg)/mL. What volume should be administered per dose?
Answer:
Therefore 2.5 ml of Lanoxin (digoxin) Pediatric Elixir is to be administered to the child daily
Explanation:
The child weighs 81 pound. The weight of the child is needed to be converted from pound to kg.
1 kg= 2.2 pound
Therefore 81 pound = 81/2.2 kg = 36.8 kg
Since the child is to be administered bases on 3.4 mcg/ kg/day, the volume of Lanoxin elixir qd to be administered to the 81 pound (36.8 kg) in one day = 36.8 kg × 3.4 mcg/ kg/day = 125.12 ≅ 125 mcg
Lanoxin (digoxin) Pediatric Elixir is 50 mcg (0.05 mg)/mL, therefore 125 mcg = 125 mcg / 50 mcg/ml = 2.5 ml
Therefore 2.5 ml of Lanoxin (digoxin) Pediatric Elixir is to be administered to the child daily
Your coworker is not productive as other members on your team. You and your coworker have to work harder to make up for this. What would you mostly and least likely do
Answer: You should try to involve him/her the most in all the job task, so that he/she can grow in the job. Him/her should always be assisted while performing a task, for improvement. You can also identify trainings that can help to improve the worker's skills on the job.
You must not complain about the worker's unproductiveness always. You must not capitalize on the worker's weakness always. You must not report the worker's unproductiveness to the management to bring in a new person, instead let the management know that your coworker needs some training for improvement on the teams performance.
Your coworker is your team and you have to identify his strength and capitalize on it always, as he/she develop his/her weakness to strength.
Aid in dying legislation is now legal in all 50 states
Answer:
No, it is not. It is actually illegal in most states.
Explanation:
Euthanasia is illegal in most of the United States. Assisted death is legal in Washington D.C. and the states of California, Colorado, Oregon, Vermont, Maine, New Jersey, Hawaii, and Washington.
Which of the following is a minor surgical procedure that may be
performed in an ambulatory care setting?
What can you use to suppress nighttime asthma
Answer: In addition to taking asthma medications as prescribed, here are seven steps you can take to lower your chances of having a nighttime asthma attack:
Clean your bedroom regularly. Wash your bedding in hot water weekly. Invest in dust-proof mattress and pillow protectors. Invest in a humidifier. Don't sleep with petsChoose allergy-free linens.Sleep on a slight incline.Explaation:
Immediately after the kidney is removed from the donor, it is transported to an operating room where the recipient is waiting, already unconscious and prepped for surgery. List one anatomical part that needs to be connected with a suture in order for the donor's kidney to be functional in the recipient.
Answer:
The external iliac artery and vein.
Explanation:
The external iliac artery and vein are large blood vessels that connect the femoral blood channels to the iliac blood network. They serve as the blood supply for a donated kidney in kidney transplant.
The RAIN concept is used by individuals to quickly gather and process information and to synthesize the information in order to facilitate life safety actions at an incident. The letter “I” in rain
Answer:
Isolate
Explanation:
Recognize, Avoid, Isolate, and Notify.
Answer:
The I in RAIN stands for isolate
Explanation:
Action to isolate or reduce exposure to contamination or threat.
Welcome to week 4!
This week we are learning about motivation! In the health care field, motivation is pivotal to organizational success. Effective leaders know what motivates their subordinates achieve success.
To meet discussion expectations, please complete Steps 1-3 promptly.
Discussion Expectations
Follow the 3-Step Plan and Student Checklist to meet the Discussion Grading Rubric expectations.
Due Wednesday at 11:59 pm EST.
Step 1: Read the Discussion Background:
Ralph has been working in the billing department of the medical plaza for several years. He recently applied to a manager position in his department. Ralph believed he was the most qualified applicant and was surprised when they awarded the position to his co-worker, Gina. Ralph feels that Gina is less qualified than him and incapable of being a good manager. Angry about not earning the promotion, Ralph decides to not cooperate with Gina and make work difficult for her. He wants to show the others that he should have received the promotion over her.
Gina is very happy with her new position and the organizational changes. However, she can tell that Ralph is not very happy with her promotion.
Step 2: Create a new thread and answer all three parts of the initial prompt below:
From Gina’s perspective, what can she do to help Ralph with the change in management?
Imagine you are Ralph’s co-worker. What advice would you give him?
Explain the importance of having a diversity work environment.
It is a incomplete question. The complete question is as follow:
Step 1: Read the Discussion Background:
Ralph has been working in the billing department of the medical plaza for several years. He recently applied to a manager position in his department. Ralph believed he was the most qualified applicant and was surprised when they awarded the position to his co-worker, Gina. Ralph feels that Gina is less qualified than him and incapable of being a good manager. Angry about not earning the promotion, Ralph decides to not cooperate with Gina and make work difficult for her. He wants to show the others that he should have received the promotion over her.
Gina is very happy with her new position and the organizational changes. However, she can tell that Ralph is not very happy with her promotion.
Step 2: Create a new thread and answer all three parts of the initial prompt below:
From Gina’s perspective, what can she do to help Ralph with the change in management?
Imagine you are Ralph’s co-worker. What advice would you give him?
Explain the importance of having a diversity work environment.
Answer:
From Gina’s perspective, she could help to Ralph to understand the need to work together. It is a challenge and represents an opportunity to improve the performance of Ralph.
My advice he needs not to be so self-centered and closed minded for advancing in his work (and life).
A diverse work environment is better to create customized products for customers, which are identified with the ethical values of the company. The companies are better adapted to rapid changes in the needs of customers. Moreover, companies with greater diversity are less likely to suffer judgments because they have higher empathy skills related to social equity, democracy, human rights and antiracism.
The consumption of milk by individuals of a population is normally distributed. If you are a member of this population consuming milk, then: 1. If you have a standard score of Z = 2, what percentage of the population has scores greater than you? 2. If you have a standard score of Z = - 2, what percentage of the population has scores greater than you? 3. If you have a standard score of Z = 1, what percentage of the population has scores less than you? 4. If you have a standard score of Z = 1, what percentage of the population has scores farther away from the population mean (in either direction) than you? 5. If you have a standard score of Z = -1.7, what percentage of the population has scores farther away from the population mean (in either direction) than you? 6. If you have a standard score of Z = -1.7, what percentage of the population has scores greater than you?
Answer:
1. 2.28%
2. 97.72%
3. 84.13%
4. 31.74%
5. 8.92%
6. 95.54%
Explanation:
1. A z score of 2 means has a proportion of the population of 0.9772 below
Therefore, the percentage of the the population that have an higher score = (1-0.9772)×100 = 2.28%
2. A z score of -2 means the percentage of the the population that have an higher score = (1-0.0228)×100 = 97.72%
3. A z score of 1 means the percentage of the the population that have a lesser score = (0.8413)×100 = 84.13%
4. A z score of 1 means the percentage of the the population that have a higher score = (1-0.8413)×100 = 15.87%
The population that have a lesser z score than -1 = 0.1587×100 = 15.87%
Therefore. the total percentage of the population that has scores farther away from the population mean in either direction = 2 × 15.87 = 31.74%
5. Where the z score = -1.7, we have;
The proportion lesser = 2×0.0446×100 = 8.92%
6. The percentage of the population that has a z score > -1.7 is presented as follows;
The proportion that have a z-score<-1.7 = 0.0446
Therefore, the proportion of the population that have a z-score more than -1.7 = 1 - 0.0446 = 0.9554
Hence the percentage of the population that has a higher z-score = 100×0.9554 = 95.54%.
Mechanism of mitosis in the human body
Answer:
Mitosis is a method of cell division in which a cell divides and produces identical copies of itself. The primary mechanism by which organisms generate new cells is through cell division. During this process, a single "parent" cell will divide and produce identical "daughter" cells.
Explanation:
a child needs to take 1/2 teaspoon of medicine three times a day. How many total teaspoons of medicine does the child need to take each day?
Answer:
1 1/2 teaspoons each day
Explanation:
So the child takes half a teaspoon of medicine 3 times a day. We know that 2 halves is equal to 1 whole. So two half teaspoons is l whole teaspoon. Then we add the other half since the child needs 3 teaspoons. Making our answer 1 1/2 teaspoons per day
If a child needs to take 1/2 teaspoon of medicine three times a day, the child needs to take a total of 1.5 teaspoons of medicine each day.
What is the calculation of the total amount of medicine the child needs to take each day?When a child is prescribed a medication, the dosage depends on two factors which are how much medicine should be taken per dose and how often the dose should be taken. The medication instructions state that the child needs to take 1/2 teaspoon of medicine three times a day.
The total amount of medicine can be calculated by determining how many doses are taken per day. In this case, the child is taking 1/2 teaspoon of medicine three times a day. Therefore, we multiply the amount of medicine per dose (1/2 teaspoon) by the number of doses per day (3 doses) and the result is 1.5 teaspoons/day.
The medication instructions should be followed carefully to ensure that the child receives the exact amount of medication at their recommended timings to treat their condition.
Therefore, the child needs to take a total of 1.5 teaspoons of medicine each day.
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You and your EMT partner are the first to arrive at the scene of an unresponsive 70-year-old man. Your assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. A paramedic unit is en route to the scene and will arrive in approximately 5 minutes. You should:
First, begin CPR.
Next, apply the AED. Shock if indicated.
Describe why you should use professional language and photos on your LinkedIn profile
This builds an illusion (or just builds) credibility. People are more likely to trust and work with more professional looking people. If one were to wear a t-shirt that said "SHREK" on it, and use language like they were writing a text message, it looks as if that person was like a child, had no work ethic, and little experience and credibility. However, if one dresses and speaks more professionally, it seems that they will have a better work ethic, and are more experienced and therefore better for the job.
Answer:
When utilizing LinkedIn it is vital that professional language and imagery are used because you are marketing yourself to potential employers. The content added to your profile should be equal to that in which you would put on a resume or what you would talk about in an interview.
If someone is bitten by a poisonous spider, which neurotransmitter causes muscle spasms and
weakness?
Answer:
hope it helped
Explanation:
Acetylcholine is a chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, that plays an important role in brain and muscle function. Imbalances in acetylcholine are linked with chronic conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Acetylcholine was the first neurotransmitter discovered
A claim put forth by some purveyors of health foods is that vitamins obtained from natural sources are more healthful than those obtained by chemical synthesis. For example, pure L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) extracted from rose hips is better than pure L-ascorbic acid manufactured in a chemical plant. 1) Are the vitamins from the two sources different? ______________ 2) Is Synthetic Vitamin C as Good as the Natural Vitamin? ____________ 3) Can the body distinguish a vitamin’s source?
Answer:
1) Are the vitamins from the two sources different? not really
2) Is Synthetic Vitamin C as Good as the Natural Vitamin? yes
3) Can the body distinguish a vitamin’s source? the difference, if any, is so insignificant that human bodies cannot distinguish them.
Explanation:
Even though synthetic vitamins are artificial (created in a lab), it doesn't mean that they are harmful. The problem is that most synthetic vitamins are not useful either.
But in some cases, like vitamin C, the effects of synthetic or natural vitamin C are virtually identical and the body will not distinguish between them. Some studies ave shown a very small and insignificant differences, but they are minimum. If you lack vitamin C in your diet, taking synthetic vitamins is a good idea.
The table below relates to a study where infants listened to three types of ‘music’ in utero and their advancement to crawling/walking was then observed and categorized as either early, on time, or late. The goal of the study was to determine if there was a statistically significant association between music in utero and time of advancement to crawling/walking in infants. Advancement to Crawling/Walking Row Sample Sizes Music In Utero Early On Time Late N Mozart(Piano Sonata) 50.8% 30.2% 19.0% 63 Philip Glass (minimalist music) 40.0% 38.3% 21.7% 60 White Noiseand Silence 17.9% 21.1% 61.0% 44 The table above provides row percentages and sample sizes. For example, 50.8% of ‘Mozart’ infants have ‘Early’ advancement to crawling/walking and there are 63 total ‘Mozart’ infants. a.Based upon the row percentages provided, fill in the contingency table below with the approximate cell counts, rounding to the nearest whole number. Advancement to Crawling/Walking Music In Utero Early On Time Late Mozart(Piano Sonata) Philip Glass (minimalist music) White Noiseand Silence Do the data indicate an association between music in utero and time of advancement to crawling/walking in infants? Conduct an appropriate hypothesis test to answer this question using a 0.05 significance level. Provide the hypotheses, test statistic(s), p-value(s), and a formal conclusion. (Hint: Use Chi-Square test).
Answer:
Compare your info
Explanation:
Read everything carefully and compare your info and data to find the best solution.
Since the p-value is greater than the significance level of 0.05, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that there is an association between music in utero and time of advancement to crawling/walking in infants.
What is hypothesis?A hypothesis is an explanation proposed for a phenomenon. The scientific method requires that a hypothesis be testable in order for it to be considered a scientific hypothesis.
Advancement to Crawling/Walking Music In Utero Early On Time Late
Mozart(Piano Sonata) 32 19 12
Philip Glass (minimalist music) 24 23 13
White Noise and Silence 8 9 27
To test for association between music in utero and time of advancement to crawling/walking in infants, we can use a chi-square test of independence.
The null hypothesis is that there is no association between the two variables, and the alternative hypothesis is that there is an association.
The test statistic is calculated as follows:
χ² = Σ (Oij - Eij)² / Eij
where Oij is the observed frequency in cell (i,j) and Eij is the expected frequency in cell (i,j) under the null hypothesis.
The expected frequencies can be calculated by multiplying the row and column totals and dividing by the grand total.
The degrees of freedom for the test are calculated as (r - 1) x (c - 1), where r is the number of rows and c is the number of columns.
Using a significance level of 0.05, the critical value for the chi-square test with 4 degrees of freedom is 9.488.
The calculations for the test statistic and p-value are shown below:
χ² = (32-25.81)² / 25.81 + (19-20.18)² / 20.18 + (12-16.01)² / 16.01 + (24-24.24)² / 24.24 + (23-21.68)² / 21.68 + (13-14.08)² / 14.08 + (8-12.18)² / 12.18 + (9-9.08)² / 9.08 + (27-22.73)² / 22.73 = 4.191
The degrees of freedom are (3-1) x (3-1) = 4.
Using a chi-square distribution table or calculator, we find that the p-value for the test is 0.241.
Thus, as we cannot reject the null hypothesis because the p-value is greater than the significance level of 0.05. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that there is a link between music in utero and the age at which infants begin crawling/walking.
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