Answer:
The steam engine played a significant role in the growth of the industrial economy in the North, particularly during the early 19th century. The invention of the steam engine revolutionized manufacturing and transportation by making it possible to use steam power to drive machines and locomotives.
One of the key ways that the steam engine influenced the growth of the industrial economy was by increasing the efficiency and productivity of factories. The steam engine could power machinery that could produce goods at a much faster rate than manual labor. This led to the growth of large-scale manufacturing and the establishment of factories throughout the North.
The steam engine also had a significant impact on transportation. Steam-powered locomotives made it possible to transport goods and people quickly and efficiently over long distances. This led to the development of a national market for goods and raw materials, which further stimulated economic growth.
In addition, the steam engine played a key role in the expansion of the coal and iron industries. Coal was needed to fuel the steam engines, and iron was needed to build the machines and equipment used in factories and transportation. The increased demand for coal and iron led to the growth of mining and related industries, which contributed to the overall expansion of the economy.
Overall, the steam engine played a crucial role in the growth of the industrial economy in the North. It increased the efficiency and productivity of factories, stimulated the growth of transportation and national markets, and contributed to the expansion of key industries such as coal and iron.
In what way did a third party influence the 1966 election?
Answer:
The 1966 election in the United States was a midterm election, in which all 435 seats in the House of Representatives and 32 seats in the Senate were up for election. It was not a presidential election, so there was no third-party candidate running for president that year. However, third-party candidates and other outside groups can still influence elections in various ways.
TEXT ANSWER PLS HURRY
we are still in a dangerous country but our company is large enough for safety. but cattle endure the journey remarkably well. they supply us with sufficient milk for our tea and coffee which is indeed a luxury do not think regret comes no far from it i would not go back for a world i am contented and happy notwithstanding i sometimes get a very hungry and weary have six weeks steady journey before us feel sometimes ad if it were a long time to b traveling long for rest but must not murmur feel to pity the poor indian women who are continually traveling in this manner during their libes and know no other comfort
How does Whitman describe the hardships of travel to the West?
The hardship is: The treacherous and elongated expedition to the West was estimated at a duration of six weeks, galvanizing the author's perturbations.
How does Whitman describe the hardships of travel to the West?Despite this, in moments of respite there would often arise an array of blissful sentiments - though frailing amid times of insufficiency and exhaustion. Astonishingly, exquisite cows managed to bravely endure the strenuous adventure and mercifully supplied the sojourners with gallons of milk which could be transformed into coffee or tea, deeming it a great extortion.
But amidst such rapture, it is imperative that one acknowledges the Indian women who have spent their lifetimes facing such austere voyages yet knowing not the solace of opulence. All in all, although welcoming difficulties, the writer ironically unearths comfort and luxuriousness accessible during the arduous journey to the West.
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How does Banneker characterize Jefferson in paragraph 3?
Jefferson is described as an open-minded, pleasant, and clever man by Banneker.
How is this so?Banneker shows his open nature by stating how he discovered the free nature through which Jefferson has exhibited inflexibility in his attitudes about black people.
Jefferson corresponds with luminaries from all over the world, but Banneker stands out: the son of a free Black American woman and an once-slaved African man from Guinea, Banneker criticizes Jefferson's preposterous stance on slavery in respectful but unambiguous terms, drawing on Jefferson's own words.
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"[T]he terrorists are still active, and they are still trying to strike America and they are still trying to kill our people. … Another reason the terrorists have not succeeded is because our government has changed its policies and given our military, intelligence and law enforcement personnel the tools they need to fight this enemy and protect our people and preserve our freedom. … Captured terrorists have unique knowledge about how terrorist networks operate. They have knowledge of where their operatives are deployed and knowledge about what plots are under way. This intelligence—this is intelligence that cannot be found any other place. And our security depends on getting this kind of information. To win the war on terror, we must be able to detain, question and, when appropriate, prosecute terrorists captured here in America and on the battlefields around the world. … [T]hese are enemy combatants who are waging war on our nation. We have a right under the laws of war, and we have an obligation to the American people, to detain these enemies and stop them from rejoining the battle. "—George W. Bush, from his "Speech on Terrorism," September 6, 2006 How did the policies described in this excerpt generate debate within the United States? Many Americans grew concerned that their own civil liberties were being threatened or restricted. Few people agreed that prisoners of war should be allowed any type of trial or legal assistance. The War on Terror expanded the military budget and led to severe cuts in social welfare programs. No proof existed that the government's efforts had successfully thwarted any new terrorist attacks
The policies generated debate over civil liberties, due process, adherence to international law, enforcement, effectiveness, and economic costs.
The policies described in this excerpt generated debate within the United States on multiple fronts. Many civil liberties advocates grew concerned that the government's efforts to fight terrorism were infringing on the rights of American citizens.
The detention and interrogation of suspected terrorists, without providing them with legal representation, raised concerns about due process and human rights violations. Critics argued that the government's policies were eroding American values and principles, such as the presumption of innocence.
Additionally, some legal experts and lawmakers argued that the detainees should have access to a fair trial or legal assistance, as mandated by the Geneva Convention. They questioned whether the United States was adhering to international law and raised concerns about the morality of indefinite detention without charge or trial.
There was also debate about the effectiveness of these policies in preventing future terrorist attacks. Some argued that the government's actions were necessary for national security and that they had prevented further attacks.
Others pointed to the lack of evidence that these policies had successfully thwarted any new terrorist plots, while also highlighting the economic costs of the War on Terror, which led to severe cuts in social welfare programs.
Overall, the policies described in this excerpt raised significant ethical, legal, and practical concerns and sparked heated debate across the United States.
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Which 20th century event took place more recently?.
The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 was a major event in the 20th century that took place more recently than any other.
On November 9, 1989, the East German government announced that all East German citizens were free to cross the border into West Berlin, and the Berlin Wall, which had divided East and West Germany for 28 years, was opened.
The fall of the Berlin Wall was an iconic event that marked the end of the Cold War, the reunification of Germany, and the spread of democracy throughout Eastern Europe. It was a momentous event that has had a lasting impact on the world and will be remembered as one of the great events of the 20th century.
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Which was not a result of u. S. Intervention in latin america during the cold war era?.
The option which was not the result of U.S. Intervention in Latin America during the cold war era is option D. The economy of Brazil collapsed.
The Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, as well as the United States and the Soviet Union's respective allies, were at odds throughout the Cold War.
Latin America refers to the regions of America where there are Spanish- or Portuguese-speaking populations. During the conflict era, the United States and Russia were the two countries that opposed U.S. intervention the most. In 1954, Operation PBSUCCESS, one of the first in a long line of American interventions in various regions throughout the conflict, deposed the democratically elected President of the Central American nation.
The question is incomplete, find the complete question here
Which was NOT a result of U.S. intervention in Latin America during the Cold War era?
A. The Military took control of Chile
B. Fighting continued against the Guerillas in El Salvador
C. The war between the contras and Sandinistas in Nicaragua intensified.
D. The economy of Brazil collapsed.
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What was the wright brothers’ accomplishment in the field of science and/or technology?.
Answer:
Invention of airplanes
Answer:
The wright brothers invented airplanes
Explanation:
The Wright brothers achieved one of the first flights with a powered, sustained and controlled airplane; they surpassed their own milestone two years later when they built and flew the first fully practical airplane.
3. Study the quotation, and answer the questions. (8 points)
"Freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. Frankly, I have yet to engage in a direct-action campaign that was 'well timed' in the view of those who have not suffered unduly from the disease of segregation. For years now I have heard the word 'Wait!' It rings in the ear of every Negro with piercing familiarity. This 'Wait' has almost always meant 'Never."
-Martin Luther King, Letter from a Birmingham Jail
What does this text tell us about why Martin Luther King was in jail, and what he hoped to accomplish?
Answer: He hoped to make his critics understand that nonviolent protest was the best way to change unfair laws in Birmingham.
Explanation: King wrote this letter when he was criticized by religious authorities for promoting peaceful protests in favor of civil rights. These criticisms were so powerful that they caused King's arrest, causing him to write the letter. The letter was an act of defense by King, whose main objective was to defend his methods of protest and to reaffirm the reason why these protests were being raised. In other words, King wanted to make his critics understand that non-violent protests were beneficial and allowed for the search for changes in the unjust laws that were raised against blacks.
A main idea of this chapter is that (a) our economy can function without money (b) money serves as a medium of exchange, a way of calculating value, and a method of saving (c) cash is a better way of making payments than electronic funds transfer (d) checks are always a better way of making payments than cash
The main idea of this chapter is that money serves as a medium of exchange, a way of calculating value, and a method of saving ( option B). This concept highlights the essential role money plays in our economy, enabling us to easily conduct transactions and maintain a stable financial system.
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Jewish and Christian Bibles?
The Jewish Bible, also known as the Hebrew Bible, is considered the foundational text of Judaism, while the Christian Bible includes both the Old and New Testaments and is the foundational text of Christianity.
The Christian Bible builds upon the Jewish Bible, incorporating the same foundational texts but also adding new texts, such as the Gospels and Epistles, that are central to Christian beliefs.
Therefore, the relationship between the two is one of shared foundational texts and common ground, but also of divergence in the additional texts and interpretations that make up each respective tradition.
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complete question:
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Jewish and Christian Bibles?
Compare the similarities between Capitalism and Socialism.
While capitalism and socialism have fundamental differences in their approach to economic organization, they share some similarities in their objectives and recognition of economic principles.
Capitalism and socialism are both economic systems that provide a framework for the distribution of resources and wealth within a society. Despite being vastly different in their approach to economic organization, there are some similarities between the two.
Both capitalism and socialism aim to address the issue of scarcity in resource allocation. In capitalism, prices act as signals to allocate resources to their most valued uses, while in socialism, the government plays a central role in directing the allocation of resources.
Both systems rely on the division of labor to increase productivity and efficiency. Capitalism and socialism both recognize that specialization leads to greater productivity and better use of resources.
Both capitalism and socialism acknowledge the importance of economic growth to improve living standards. Capitalism promotes economic growth through market competition, while socialism focuses on collective ownership and planning to achieve growth.
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explain why the wealthy industrialists of the gilded age are sometimes referred to as robber barons, and other times referred to as captains of industry
The term "robber baron" was used to refer to wealthy industrialists of the glided age who were thought to have accumulated their fortune by questionable practices means.
On the other side, "captains of industry" were industrialists who used their influence to make a profit while also making a constructive contribution to the nation.
Hence, The businessmen's methods for acquiring and utilizing riches were the main difference to why some were called "robber baron" or "captains of industry."
Industrialists' responsibilities?They provided the Congress with financial backing in opposition to the colonial economic restrictions. In addition, they provided financial support while forbidding trade in foreign commodities.
They established organizations such as the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the FICCI in 1927.
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Why was poverty relief a priority for john f kennedy
Answer:
Poverty relief was a priority for John F. Kennedy because he recognized the negative impact of poverty on individuals and society as a whole. Kennedy believed that poverty was not only a moral issue, but also an economic issue that affected the country's growth and stability.
During his presidency, Kennedy launched several initiatives aimed at addressing poverty, including the establishment of the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) in 1964. The OEO was responsible for administering programs such as Head Start, which provided early childhood education for low-income families, and the Job Corps, which offered job training and placement for disadvantaged youth.
Kennedy also advocated for policies to increase access to healthcare and education, recognizing that these were essential components of lifting people out of poverty. He proposed a national health insurance program and increased funding for education, particularly in low-income areas.
Kennedy's commitment to poverty relief was also informed by the growing civil rights movement, which highlighted the systemic inequalities faced by Black Americans and other marginalized communities. He recognized that poverty disproportionately affected these groups and that addressing poverty was essential to achieving greater equality and justice.
Overall, Kennedy saw poverty relief as a critical component of achieving a more just and prosperous society, and his efforts paved the way for future initiatives aimed at addressing poverty and inequality.
what is spiritualisim?
Answer:
Spiritualism is "a system of belief or religious practice based on supposed communication with the spirits of the dead, especially through mediums," according to the Oxford Languages.
Another way to word this is,
Spiritualism is a way of thinking or acting that is created on the idea that the dead are able to be reached, especially through mediums.
I hope this helped you !!
INFER What factors led to a general decrease
in the length of residence requirements among the
States?
The factors that led to a general decrease in the length of residence requirements among the states include changing attitudes towards citizenship, increased mobility of the population, and legal challenges to restrictive voting laws.
Residence requirements are the period of time an individual must have lived in a particular place before they are eligible to vote or run for office. In the United States, these requirements have varied among the states over time. In general, the length of these requirements has decreased over time due to several factors.
Firstly, changing attitudes towards citizenship played a role in decreasing residence requirements. As the country became more democratic, there was a growing belief that citizenship was not based solely on property ownership, but rather on participation in the political process. This led to a push to make voting and running for office more accessible to a wider range of citizens.
Secondly, the increased mobility of the population made it difficult to enforce long residence requirements. As people moved more frequently for work or other reasons, it became more difficult to track their length of residence in a particular place.
Finally, legal challenges to restrictive voting laws also played a role in decreasing residence requirements. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s challenged many of the discriminatory voting laws in the United States, leading to changes in state and federal law that made it easier for people to vote and run for office.
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Which statements describe the geographic and climatic features of scandinavia that encouraged people to go to sea?.
The statement, "The presence of many deep fjords and bays along the coast that offered safe harbors for ships." describe the geographic and climatic features of Scandinavia that encouraged people to go to sea.
The presence of many deep fjords and bays along the coast of Scandinavia made it an ideal location for people to go to sea. These natural features offered safe harbors for ships, which allowed for easy and safe access to waterways and trade routes, facilitating travel and commerce. The fjords and bays were also ideal for fishing, as they provided shelter from the rough seas and an abundance of fish.
Furthermore, the long coastline and many islands of Scandinavia made sea travel an efficient means of transportation. This allowed for quick and easy access to other coastal regions, as well as trade and cultural exchange with other regions.
----------The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
"Which statement describes the geographic and climatic features of Scandinavia that encouraged people to go to sea?
A. The presence of many deep fjords and bays along the coast that offered safe harbors for ships
B. The region's long coastline and many islands, which made sea travel an efficient means of transportation
C. The cold, harsh climate and rocky terrain, which made farming and other land-based activities difficult"---------------
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why did the US fight the vietnam war in the gradually escalating way it did?
Answer:
that included economic aid, diplomacy, politics, presidential personalities, and military force.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
The Vietnam War was a complex conflict with many factors that contributed to the gradual escalation of US involvement. Here are some of the key reasons:
Containment Policy: The US was pursuing a policy of containment against the spread of communism, and saw the Vietnam War as a way to prevent the spread of communism in Southeast Asia. The US believed that if it did not take action in Vietnam, then communism could spread to other countries in the region.
Domino Theory: The US subscribed to the "domino theory," which suggested that if one country fell to communism, then neighboring countries would follow. This theory fueled fears that if the US did not act in Vietnam, it would lead to the spread of communism throughout Southeast Asia.
Cold War Politics: The US was also engaged in a global power struggle with the Soviet Union, and the Vietnam War was seen as a way to prevent the spread of Soviet influence in the region. Additionally, the US government was concerned about the potential for Chinese involvement in Vietnam.
Gradual Escalation: US involvement in Vietnam escalated gradually over time, with the US first sending military advisors to assist the South Vietnamese government in the early 1960s. Over time, more US troops were sent to Vietnam and the US became increasingly involved in the conflict. The gradual escalation was driven in part by the belief that the US could win the war with a gradual buildup of troops and resources.
Overall, the Vietnam War was driven by a complex combination of political, strategic, and ideological factors, and the gradual escalation of US involvement was a result of these various factors.
Write an expression that can be used to find the total amount george will pay for carpeting.
The expression that can be used to find the total amount george will pay for carpeting Cost is [(18×12) + (13×13)] × 3.50
The overall cost will be determined by the size of the living room and bedroom.
In terms of the living room,
1st Area = lw
Area 1 = 18 × 12
In terms of the bedroom,
Area 2 =13 × 13
Total surface area = (1812) + (1313).
The total cost equals the area multiplied by the cost per square foot.
Cost = [(18×12) + (13×13)] × 3.50
The total cost equals the area multiplied by the cost per square foot.
Cost = [(18×12) + (13×13)] × 3.50
The expression to find the total amount George will pay for carpeting is: C = P * A.
In this expression, C represents the total cost, P represents the price per square unit, and A represents the area of the carpet.
To find the total amount George will pay for carpeting, first determine the area of the carpet by multiplying its length by its width (A = length * width).
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complete question:
George wants to put carpeting in a rectangular living room and a square bedroom. The length and width of the living room is 12 feet by 18 feet. One side of the square bedroom is 13 feet. It will cost $3.50 per square foot to carpet the rooms. Write an expression that can be used to find the total amount George will pay for carpeting.
Describe how
the democratic-republican party's power base affected
its stance on slavery
The Democratic-Republican Party's power base affected its stance on slavery due to its strong support from Southern and rural communities, where the economy was heavily reliant on agriculture and the use of slave labor. As a result, the party often advocated for states' rights and limited federal government intervention in matters concerning slavery.
The Democratic-Republicans emphasized the importance of agrarianism and believed that a strong agricultural sector was crucial for national prosperity. This led the party to support the interests of Southern plantation owners, who relied on the labor of enslaved individuals to maintain their economic power.
Additionally, the party's power base in the South and rural regions meant that its constituents were more likely to be supportive of slavery, which influenced the party's position on this issue.
As a result of this power base, the Democratic-Republican Party often opposed any federal action that might threaten the institution of slavery. They advocated for the preservation of states' rights, arguing that individual states should be able to decide on the legality of slavery within their own borders.
This stance was evident in their support for the Missouri Compromise, which allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state while maintaining the balance of power between slave and free states.
In summary, the Democratic-Republican Party's power base in the South and rural communities, coupled with its emphasis on agrarianism and states' rights, heavily influenced its stance on slavery.
The party was inclined to protect the interests of its constituents, who were often reliant on the institution of slavery for their economic stability, leading to a more pro-slavery position within the party.
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Question 3 of 10
The Spanish-American War began shortly after:
OA. the USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor.
OB. Cuba received its independence from Spain.
OC. the United States invaded the island of Guam.
OD. a hostile U.S. visit from the Spanish ambassador.
SUBMIT
Answer:
a) the USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor
Explanation:
when the uss Maine exploded, many people blamed Spain for it, because of recent tensions, and America would declare war on Spain
Where could you visit if you wanted to see ancient mesoamerican ruins?.
Answer:
MONTE ALBÁN
Explanation:
MONTE ALBÁN. The early Mesoamerican people occupied the land that today runs from central Mexico to Costa Rica. ...
The individual who was responsible for the finances of the plantation was the
The individual who was responsible for the finances of the plantation was the overseer.
The overseer was responsible for managing the labor force, maintaining the fields, and ensuring that the crops were harvested and sold at market. They also managed the budget and expenses of the plantation, such as paying the workers, purchasing supplies, and maintaining equipment.
In larger plantations, a plantation manager was often employed to oversee the overseer and other workers. This individual was responsible for managing the finances of the plantation, as well as ensuring that the overall operations were running smoothly. They often reported to the plantation owner or to a board of directors.
The financial management of a plantation was critical to its success, as profitability was often the primary goal. The overseer or manager had to balance the costs of running the plantation with the revenues generated from the sale of crops. They had to ensure that expenses were kept low, while also maintaining the productivity and efficiency of the plantation. This was no easy task, and required a great deal of skill and expertise.
Overall, the individual responsible for the finances of the plantation played a critical role in its success or failure. They had to balance competing demands, manage resources effectively, and ensure that the plantation remained profitable over the long term.
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What was the significance of the
Gettysburg Address? .
A. It was a speech Lincoln used to campaign for re-election
for president.
B. It reminded U.S. citizens that Lincoln did not believe the
Union would survive.
C. It declared a winner after the Battle of Gettysburg, as
many thought the battle was a stalemate.
D. It reaffirmed Lincoln's policies and plans to make the
country a free United States after the war.
Answer:
D) It reaffirmed Lincoln's policies and plans to make the country a free United States after the war
Explanation:
D is true because Lincoln wanted to address everyone that he believed that they could win, and addressed many sacrifices and deaths that people made.
How did people protest against housing discrimination?
People protested against housing discrimination by organizing demonstrations, creating awareness campaigns, participating in fair housing advocacy groups, and filing lawsuits against discriminatory practices.
During the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, activists organized protests against housing discrimination, which was prevalent in many areas of the United States. Sit-ins and marches were commonly used to draw attention to the issue, and boycotts were organized to pressure businesses and landlords to end discriminatory practices. Legal action was also taken, with activists filing lawsuits to challenge discriminatory housing policies and practices.
The Fair Housing Act of 1968 was a major victory for the movement, making it illegal to discriminate in housing based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, familial status, or disability. Despite these efforts, however, housing discrimination remains a problem in many parts of the country today.
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PLEASE HELP QUICKLY 24 points !!!!!!!!!
The Civil War photographs showed the people 'back home' that war was...
(choose all that apply)
Select 3 correct answer(s)
Question 2 options:
magnificent
heroic
noble
tragic
devastating
bloody
Answer:
Bloody, Devastating, Tragic
Explanation:
civil war was really a tragic point in US history tbh
Question 4 of 10
Why did the U.S. military deploy troops to Lebanon during Ronald Reagan's
presidency?
A. To prove their willingness to work with the Soviet Union
B. To prevent the spread of Middle Eastern communism
C. To secure peace between Israel and Palestinian militants
D. To launch secret attacks against Iran and Afghanistan
The U.S. military deployed troops to Lebanon during Ronald Reagan's presidency to secure peace between Israel and Palestinian militants. The deployment was part of a multinational peacekeeping force that was established to help end the civil war in Lebanon and to oversee the withdrawal of Palestinian fighters from the country. The goal of the U.S. military was to help restore stability to the region and to prevent further violence between Israeli and Palestinian forces. While the mission was initially successful, it was later derailed by a series of bombings that targeted the multinational force, leading to the withdrawal of U.S. troops from the country.
Pls help me!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The statement on the First Nations and carrying capacity would tend to be believed because First Nation people are very close to the environment and so might understand it better.
Why would the First Nations be believed ?There are contrasting views regarding the relationship between humans and nature from the perspective of First Nations spiritual or cultural practices. Some may attest to a unique bond, arguing that the laws of carrying capacity do not apply to humanity because they possess an innate understanding and harmony with the environment developed over thousands of years.
Conversely, others argue in favor of subjecting humans to the same carrying capacity measures as other species. They emphasize how unsustainable human actions can impact both the environment and society negatively. Therefore, debates on this topic continue to present diverse perspectives on addressing environmental concerns while preserving cultural heritage.
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Germany did not reunite after communism ended.
True False
Which european country began sending students and hiring english
engineers so that they could catch up and become the 2nd strongest
industrial power in europe?
spain
france
o germany
russia
The European country that began sending students and hiring English engineers to catch up and become the 2nd strongest industrial power in Europe was Russia. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Russia recognized the need to modernize and industrialize in order to compete with other European powers.
To achieve this, Russia sent students to study in countries with advanced industrial technology, such as England, where they could learn valuable skills and bring that knowledge back to their home country. Additionally, Russia hired English engineers who had expertise in various industrial sectors, including railways, mining, and manufacturing.
This strategy allowed Russia to acquire valuable technical knowledge and experience, which helped to foster the growth of its industrial sector. By learning from the more advanced English industries, Russia was able to quickly develop its own industrial capabilities and become a formidable industrial power in Europe.
As a result, Russia's industrial output increased significantly, and the country emerged as one of the leading industrial powers in Europe, second only to the United Kingdom. This rapid industrialization played a crucial role in shaping Russia's political, economic, and social landscape, ultimately helping the nation to compete with other European powers on the global stage.
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War in Europe- describe in detail what the soldiers discovered as they liberated areas that the nazis had controlled.
During World War II, as Allied forces advanced through Europe and liberated areas that had been under Nazi control, soldiers discovered the devastating effects of Nazi occupation and the atrocities committed by the regime.
As Allied forces pushed deeper into Germany, they encountered concentration camps where the Nazis had imprisoned and killed millions of people, mostly Jews.
As the World War II raged on, many cities and towns across Europe were bombed and destroyed. Soldiers who entered these areas were confronted with scenes of devastation and rubble, with buildings reduced to rubble and streets filled with debris.
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