How are humans immune to infectious diseases after they have already contracted the disease previously? and How do vaccinations work to provide immunity?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Immunity to a disease is achieved through the presence of antibodies to that disease in a person's system. Antibodies are proteins produced by the body to neutralize or destroy toxins or disease-carrying organisms. Antibodies are disease-specific. Viruses make us sick by killing cells or disrupting cell function. Our bodies often respond with fever (heat inactivates many viruses), the secretion of a chemical called interferon (which blocks viruses from reproducing), or by marshaling the immune system's antibodies and other cells to target the invader. A vaccine works by training the immune system to recognize and combat pathogens, either viruses or bacteria. To do this, certain molecules from the pathogen must be introduced into the body to trigger an immune response. These molecules are called antigens, and they are present on all viruses and bacteria.  


Related Questions

what is the function of endoplasm

Answers

Answer:

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in biology, a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and serves multiple functions, being important particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins

Explanation:

Based on the summary equation for photosynthesis shown below which of the following is produced by the reaction

Answers

Answer:

Oxygen

Explanation:

how do trans girls put on a bra? im trans mtf and i don't know how to put on a bra.pls help.

Answers

Answer:

Is this a troll

Explanation:

Just put it on like a shirt or ask someone for help

A mutation that involves a single nucleotide being removed is called a(n)
O
A. substitution
B. insertion
C. deletion
D. mutagen

Answers

Answer:

deletion

Explanation:

hope this was right :)

Which of these are MOST involved in exchanging gases?
1 point
heart
bladder
lungs
pituitary gland
lymph nodes

Answers

Lungs (I think).
Hope this helps:)

Water molecules on a car windshield stay together in droplets. What
property of water is this? *
adhesion
high specific heat
cohesion
universal solvent

Answers

Answer:

cohesion

Explanation:

I agree because it makes since

How can big molecules become small molecules

Answers

Answer:In contrast to carrier proteins, channel proteins simply form open pores in the membrane, allowing small molecules of the appropriate size and charge to pass freely through the lipid bilayer

Explanation:

True or false - mutualism can be described as a 'win-win' situation.

Answers

Answer:

true

Explanation:

In nature, when two individuals of different species often live in close association with each other, this leads to a phenomenon called symbiosis. ... Mutualism is a win-win situation for both organisms because both benefit from the relationship. With commensalism, one organism benefits while the other is unaffected.

how does each level of organization differ from one another?

pls answer

Answers

Answer:

Ifs differ from each other

Explanation:

secondary teritiary consumer

^

teritiary c onsumers

^

secondary c onsumers

^

primate consumers

Sarah believes that only animals undergo cellular respiration. Drew believes that both plants and animals undergo cellular respiration. Only one student is correct. Which answer choice BEST explains why?

Answers

Sarah believes that only animals undergo cellular respiration. Drew believes that both plants and animals undergo cellular respiration. Only one student is correct. Which answer choice BEST explains why?

Drew is correct because both plants and animal cells need chemical energy to carry out cellular processes.

Sarah is correct because plant cells do not need chemical energy for cellular processes and animal cells do.

Drew is correct because plants need to store more chemical energy for consumers and animals need chemical energy for cellular processes.

Sarah is correct because plant cells already have chemical energy stored in them and animal cells need chemical energy for cellular processes.

Answer: Drew is correct because both plants and animal cells need chemical energy to carry out cellular processes.


Hope this helps!

1. Materials of biological origin which is commonly used to maintain soil
fertility is
A. bordeaux mixture.
B. suphala.
C. compost.
D. urea.​

Answers

Answer:

compost

Explanation:

Among the choices mentioned above, it is only "compost" that is biological in origin. That's because it came from organic waste products that were decomposed; thus the name "compost."

Compost consists of essential nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium) ideal for fertilizing the soil. This is often added to the soil and used in gardening and farming. It also aids in plant's immunity by resisting plant diseases.

What question can you ask yourself if you are trying to determine if a change is a physical or chemical change?

Answers

So, in summary, there are really only two criteria for whether a change is chemical or physical: 1) After the change does it look the same and 2) can you change it back? If the answer is yes, the change is physical every time .

Answer:

you can ask after the change:

1. Does it look the same

2. Can it be changed back

if the answer is yes then the change is always going to be physical

Explanation:

pls mark branliest

The root word “lun” or lune refers to the ____________

Answers

Answer:

Lun or Lunar are references for the moon.


Which of the following happens as part of both the lytic cycle and the
lysogenic cycle?
new viruses are made
O the host cell dies
O the entire virus infects the cell
O the virus injects its nucleic acid into the host cell

Answers

Answer:

vnmvm

Explanation:

Easy question for easy points

Answers

Answer:

A dominant trait is opposed to a recessive trait which is expressed only when two copies if the gene are shown

Answer:Teh first box

Explanation:

In genetics, dominance is the phenomenon of one variant of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the effect of a different variant of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome. The first variant is termed dominant and the second recessive.

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder in which the hemoglobin responsible for transporting oxygen is misformed. The disease begins with a mutation in a _______________ acid, which results in a structural difference in a–

Protein; nucleic acid.

Nucleic acid; lipid.

Nucleic acid; protein.

Protein; lipid.

Answers

Answer: protein , nuclei acid

Explanation:

Are Turkey Vultures predators or scavengers​

Answers

Answer: Turkey vultures are scavengers!

Explanation: Turkey vultures, instead of hunting, will look around for anything that has already been killed so they may eat it without hassle!

Hope this helps, if not, comment below please!!!

Answer:

Scavengers!

Explanation:

Vultures seek out dead and decaying animals as their main source of nutrients, and tend to only consume animals that are already killed.

Where in a forest are you likely to find the greatest biodiversity ?

Answers

Answer:

rainforest

Explanation:

In a rainforest, it is likely to find the greatest biodiversity.

What do you mean by biodiversity?

Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level.

Biodiversity is all the different kinds of life you'll find in one area—the variety of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our natural world. Each of these species and organisms work together in ecosystems.

Biodiversity is the natural world around us, and the variety of all of the different kinds of organisms - the plants, animals, insects and microorganisms that live on our planet.

Learn more about biodiversity:

https://brainly.com/question/13073382

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2.Does reforestation have the same impact on the environment
as the original forest had? Why or why not?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is no, reforestation is just replanting trees/forests so it dosen't affect the environment

suggest why on average an adult woman needs less energy each day than an adult man​

Answers

Answer:

cause adult men are more power ful and they don't need a break but a woman needs a break

Because men is usually in action more and there body takes up more energy and power than females do

Why should the farming industry adopt sustainable agriculture practices?

Answers

Answer:

Agriculture often places significant pressure on natural resources and the environment.

Explanation:

Sustainable agricultural practices are intended to protect the environment, expand the Earth's natural resource base, and maintain and improve soil fertility.

Write a paragraph about C4 photosynthesis

Answers

Answer:

Photosynthesis in plants. This main method is found mainly on herbaceous plants that generally live in hot regions and are called K4 plants.

in C4 photosynthesis, where a four-carbon compound is produced, unique leaf anatomy allows carbon dioxide to concentrate in 'bundle sheath' cells around Rubisco. This structure delivers carbon dioxide straight to Rubisco, effectively removing its contact with oxygen and the need for photorespiration

Explanation:

What are the functions of parenchyma cells​

Answers

Answer:

Parenchyma cells have the following functions: photosynthesis, food storage, wound healing and tissue regeneration.

Answer : Parenchyma cells have many functions to perform in the plant body.

Their functions include :

Storage of food and water

Allows gaseous exchange

Provides rigidity to softer parts of the plant

Stores waste products like resins, gum, crystals etc.

Chlorenchyma - Parenchyma with chloroplast, performs photosynthesis

Aerenchyma - Parenchyma with large air cavities that provides buoyancy to aquatic plants

Please Hurry! What are some functions for non-coding DNA?

Answers

Answer:

Other functions of non-coding DNA include the transcriptional and translational regulation of protein-coding sequences, scaffold attachment regions, origins of DNA replication, centromeres and telomeres. Its RNA counterpart is non-coding RNA. The amount of non-coding DNA varies greatly among species.

Explanation:

I was stuck on this too for my biology. I have figured it out.

What makes DNA Replication possible?

Answers

Answer:

The amount of cells in the body and the genes from each parent.

Explanation:

Answer:

The initiation of DNA replication occurs in two steps. First, a so-called initiator protein unwinds a short stretch of the DNA double helix. Then, a protein known as helicase attaches to and breaks apart the hydrogen bonds between the bases on the DNA strands, thereby pulling apart the two strands.

Explanation:

What caused the Minnesota frogs to have malformed limbs?​

Answers

Answer:

A parasites is known to cause malformations, but only when it attacks tadpoles at a certain point in their development. Predators can cause missing or shortened limbs, as a partially eaten tadpoles regenerate lost tissues.

can someone help me out & labeling the membrane please?

Answers

Ae is the membrane. Did you mean all or just that one?

Answer:

AD=Nucleus AE=Nucleolus A=Mitochondria AB=cytoplasm B=Plasma membrane

Explanation:

That's all I know I hope I helped

Iran has a president, however, government decisions are made by a group of religious leaders and are based on Islamic law. What type of government is in place in Iran?

Answers

Answer: It is a theocracy

Explanation: it's beacause they have a president and a supreme leader

Theocracy is  type of government is in place in Iran. A theocracy is a form of government in which a supreme deity serves as the ultimate ruler.

What is theocracy?

The supreme deity may reign directly as a god in human form or indirectly through mortal slaves, usually members of the religious clergy, who carry out the deity's orders.

The governments of theocracies serve their divine leader or leaders rather than the populace because their laws are founded on religious pronouncements and rules.

Theocracies frequently operate in an oppressive manner, with severe penalties for breaking the rules. They serve their heavenly leader or leaders rather than the people. Democracy has no place in a theocracy, and the head's choices are final.

Therefore, Theocracy is  type of government is in place in Iran. A theocracy is a form of government in which a supreme deity serves as the ultimate ruler.

To learn more about theocracy, refer to the link:

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What is a habitat?
A) an area of land
B) a community
C) a niche
D) a population

Answers

Answer:

the answer is a niche

Explanation:

An airplane flies with a constant speed of 600 km/h. how far can it travel in 4 hours?

Answers

Answer: 2,400 kilometers.

Explanation: If an airplane flies at a constant speed of 600 km/h, then it travels 600km in one hour. Therefore, in four hours (600km*4), it will travel 2,400.

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Decide whether the sentence is correct or incorrect as written. Vivemos en Chile. What is theSlope of this diagram? How do you do this question? A store offers four different brands of product. It decides to eliminate the brand most that is likely to be returned. Which brand should the store eliminate? After Parliament passed the Stamp Act, Samuel Adams collected the taxes imposed by the act. tried to stop the Stamp Act Riots. wrote the Declaration of Independence. led a revolt against the Stamp Act. Read the excerpt from "Mother Tongue." And here you would be presented with a list of four possible pairs, one of which showed the same kind of relationship: red is to stoplight, bus is to arrival, chills is to fever, yawn is to boring. Well, I could never think that way. I knew what the tests were asking, but I could not block out of my mind the images already created by the first pair, sunset is to nightfalland I would see a burst of colors against a darkening sky, the moon rising, the lowering of a curtain of stars. How does Tan build a central idea of her story in the excerpt? Tan gives an example of a test question to support the idea that more efforts must be made in the home to expose children to standard English. Tan relates a story about taking an achievement test to support the idea that English curricula must be structured more like math curricula. Tan discusses achievement tests to support the idea that language cannot be separated from the personal meanings and experiences attached to it. Tan describes her experience with achievement tests to support the idea that published authors are most qualified to write test questions for students. Read this passage from Through The Looking-Glass.I see nobody on the road, said Alice.I only wish I had such eyes, the King remarked in a fretful tone. To be able to see Nobody! And at that distance too! Why, its as much as I can do to see real people, by this light!What is the relationship between Alice and the White King in this passage? A. They are not friendly with each other; the King is upset by Alice. B. They are friendly with one another, but the King can be silly. C. Alice is afraid of the King, and he treats her rudely. D. Alice makes the King nervous, and he makes her laugh. An archer shoots an arrow. Consider the action force to be the bowstring against the arrow. The reaction to this force is the:_____________a. friction of the ground against the archer's feet. b. grip of thhe archer's hand on the bow. c. arrow's push against the bowstring. d. combined weight of the arrow and bowstring e. air resistance against the bow arrow. In Lixue's garden, the green pepper plants grew 5 inches in 34 month. At this rate, how many feet can they grow in one month? (Let 5 inches = 512 feet) Subtract 5x^2+8x-11 from 3x^2+8x-7 Brainstorm as many causes as you can for the phenomenon that waves seem to change direction as they approach the shore. Why were people afraid of the KKK? How did ancient Indian math influence modern computer technology?OIt led to the creation of the binary system.It led to the creation of the concept of zero.O It led to the creation of the decimal system.It led to the creation of complex equations Answer these plzGiving brainliest 6 * 10^8 is how many times larger as 2 * 10^3 gf applications, I have hired my elite team to find the perfect gf (I'm just messing around on my sisters account lol) Who was a Renaissance writer whose work was based on their professional experience ? Two friends, Caleb and Ynez are both selling brownies for a classfundraiser. They decide to advertise how much buying a certain number ofbrownies will cost in two different ways. Create an equation for the cost, c,of n-brownies for Caleb's pricing. ________ highlights the need for a more flexible and fluid conceptualization of sexuality, one that allows for change, negotiation, and freedom.A. Feminist theoryB. Monolithic theoryC. Social conflict theoryD. Queer theory What are the solutions to this quadric equation? -2x^2 + x + 4 = 0