Valley glaciers and streams differ in their movement and the effects they have on the surrounding environment. In terms of velocity profile, streams have a relatively uniform flow with faster-moving water at the center and slower-moving water at the edges. Valley glaciers, on the other hand, move slower at the top and faster at the bottom due to the effect of gravity.
Erosion caused by valley glaciers is more extensive and abrasive than that caused by streams. The sheer weight of ice and the debris it carries can carve out valleys and create deep crevasses. In comparison, streams typically erode through hydraulic action, which involves the force of water pushing against the surface of rocks and sediment.
Competence, or the ability to transport sediment, is higher for streams than valley glaciers. This is because streams have a higher flow rate and can carry larger sediment particles. Valley glaciers, on the other hand, have a lower flow rate and are better at carrying finer particles.
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which of the following may change as the amount of sea ice and glacial coverage on land decreases as the climate warms? multiple select question. the amount of incoming solar energy that reaches the top of the atmosphere from the sun the location and strength of the thermohaline conveyor the speed at which spreading takes place at mid-ocean ridges the location and strength of surface currents
The following may change as the amount of sea ice and glacial coverage on land decreases due to climate warming: the amount of incoming solar energy, the location and strength of the thermohaline conveyor, the speed of spreading at mid-ocean ridges, or the location and strength of surface currents.
As the sea ice and glacial coverage decreases, the location and strength of the thermohaline conveyor and the location and strength of surface currents are most likely to change.
The thermohaline conveyor is driven by differences in water density, which is affected by temperature and salinity. As sea ice melts, freshwater is added to the ocean, altering its salinity and affecting the conveyor's movement.
Similarly, surface currents are influenced by wind patterns and temperature gradients. With reduced sea ice, these currents may change due to altered temperature gradients and wind patterns.
However, the amount of incoming solar energy and the speed of spreading at mid-ocean ridges are not directly affected by changes in sea ice and glacial coverage.
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which of the following are true regarding hurricanes? multiple select question. they are driven by energy from warm ocean water. they grow in strength as they pass over land. they spiral counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere. dry air flows down the center of a hurricane. they form in zones of low atmospheric pressure. they form when waters are cooler than 26oc to depths of 200 m.
Hurricanes are powerful tropical storms that are fueled by energy from warm ocean water.This is true, as warm water provides the heat energy that powers the storm.
They also form in zones of low atmospheric pressure, which is another true statement. As warm air rises, it creates an area of low pressure that can trigger the formation of a hurricane.
Additionally, hurricanes spiral counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere, due to the Coriolis effect caused by the Earth's rotation.
However, it is not true that hurricanes grow in strength as they pass over land. In fact, they typically weaken as they move over land due to the loss of their primary energy source - warm ocean water.
Dry air does not flow down the center of a hurricane,but instead,it is the area of calm in the center called the "eye."Hurricanes typically form when waters are warmer than 26°C to a depth of at least 50m,not200m.
Understanding these facts about hurricanes is important for people who live in areas that may be affected by these powerful storms.
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outside the western u.s. mountainous area the vor mon will provide nearly continuous navigation signal coverage across the national airspace system an altitude of
The VOR (Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range) navigation system is used in aviation to provide continuous radio signals to pilots.
Outside the mountainous regions of the Western United States, the VOR provides nearly uninterrupted signal coverage across the entire National Airspace System, up to a certain altitude.
This means that pilots can rely on the VOR to help navigate their planes safely and accurately, even in areas where GPS signals may not be available or reliable.
The VOR system works by transmitting a signal that can be received by planes equipped with VOR receivers.
Pilots can use this signal to determine their position, track their course, and make adjustments as needed.
The VOR system is an important tool for aviation safety and is used by pilots and air traffic controllers alike to ensure safe and efficient flights.
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based on the principle of original horizontality, when did the process of tectonic uplift (tilting) of these sedimentary layers take place?
Based on the principle of original horizontality, the process of tectonic uplift (tilting) of sedimentary layers took place after their initial deposition.
This principle states that layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally under the influence of gravity.Tectonic forces, such as uplift and tilting, cause these once-horizontal layers to become distorted.
In a step-by-step explanation:Sedimentary layers are deposited horizontally due to gravity.Tectonic forces act upon the Earth's crust, causing movement and deformation.
The once-horizontal sedimentary layers become tilted or uplifted due to these forces.
The timing of this tectonic uplift is determined through studying the geological record, including the relative ages of the sedimentary layers and any related tectonic events.
In conclusion, the tectonic uplift of sedimentary layers took place after their original horizontal deposition, and the specific timing can be determined through the study of the geological record.
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Differentiate between proximate and ultimate causation. Give an example of each.
An ultimate explanation based on sexual selection states that females who display preferences have more vigorous or more attractive male offspring. Proximate causation explains biological function in terms of immediate physiological or environmental factors. Example: a female animal chooses to mate with a particular male during a mate choice trial.
Why does rhyolitic magma tend to produce far more ash and tuff deposits than lava flows?
Rhyolitic magma tend to produce far more ash and tuff deposits than lava flows as it has a thick flow due to high viscosity.
Rhyolitic magma is which has a kind of thick, flow-resisting magma due to its high viscosity. Rhyolitic magma has a high silica content, which makes it sticky and difficult to flow, and this contributes to its high viscosity. Rhyolitic magma and hence has a tendency to produce a large amount of ash and tuff deposits rather than flowing as a lava flow during volcanic activity.
Rhyolitic magma typically erupts under high pressure, which can result in a violent explosion. The magma is broken up into small parts into by the explosive force and all these fragments are then pushed high into the atmosphere by the eruption column.
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TRUE OR FALSE 79) A large percentage of the world's states belong to the nonaligned movement.
False. The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a group of states that have chosen not to align themselves with any major power bloc during the Cold War.
At its peak, the NAM had over 100 members. However, today the number of members has dwindled to around 120 states.
While this number may seem significant, it is important to note that there are currently 193 member states in the United Nations.
Therefore, it is inaccurate to say that a large percentage of the world's states belong to the NAM.
The relevance of the NAM has decreased since the end of the Cold War, as many of its members have formed alliances with major powers or have become members of regional organizations.
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how is magma generated along subduction zones? how is magma generated along subduction zones? fluids are dehydrated out of the descending plate, which lowers the melting point of the surrounding mantle. friction from colliding plates melts mantle material. decompression melting of the mantle from weight reduction. radioactive decay melts mantle material.
Thick sediment layers may build up in the trench, and these layers, together with the subducting plate rocks, contain water that subduction takes to a depth where, at higher temperatures and pressures, melting can occur and magmas can form. Chains of volcanoes are created as the buoyant, hot lava rises to the surface.
Magma develops in the subduction zone due to friction-induced high temperatures. On the convergent boundary, underground rocks will begin to melt and produce magma. Additionally, during subduction, the already-existing magma can push and overflow on the tectonic plates as a result of intense pressure.
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TRUE OR FALSE 73) Yugoslavia was a good example of a federal state.
FALSE. Yugoslavia was not a good example of a federal state.
Yugoslavia's federal system was characterized by strong centralization and the suppression of autonomy for its constituent republics and provinces.
The central government held a disproportionate amount of power, which led to tensions and conflicts between different ethnic groups within the country.
The federal structure also failed to address the economic disparities between regions, leading to widespread poverty and unemployment.
Additionally, the government's handling of nationalist sentiments and the resulting violence ultimately led to the dissolution of Yugoslavia in the 1990s.
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In the Midwest states, farm fields are more likely to be damaged by
In the Midwest states, farm fields are more likely to be damaged by natural disasters such as floods, droughts, hailstorms, and tornadoes. These events can have devastating effects on crops and infrastructure, leading to significant economic losses for farmers and the surrounding communities.
The Midwest states, also known as the "breadbasket" of the US, are particularly vulnerable to natural disasters due to their high concentration of farms and agricultural activity. Floods, droughts, hailstorms, and tornadoes can cause significant damage to crops, livestock, and infrastructure, disrupting local economies and impacting food security. Climate change is also exacerbating these risks, making it increasingly important for farmers and policymakers to develop resilience strategies and adapt to changing conditions.
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What type of magma dominates the volcanic activity at Yellowstone National Park?
Answer: Rhyolite
Explanation:
The caldera erupts both rhyolite and basalt but is mostly filled with this crystillized silicic magma.
No-till farming would be most beneficial for farmers ________.
A) whose cropland is in the Conservation Reserve Program
B) who typically experience minimal soil erosion
C) with steeply sloped fields
D) who plant a cash crop every third year
E) using contour strip cropping
No-till farming would be most beneficial for farmers who typically experience minimal soil erosion and using contour strip cropping. The correct option is B and E
By not disturbing the soil through tilling, farmers can help reduce erosion and maintain the structure and health of the soil.
This is especially beneficial for farmers who experience minimal soil erosion already, as it can help them maintain the quality of their soil for longer periods of time.
Using contour strip cropping can help further reduce erosion by planting crops in strips that follow the contours of the land, which helps to slow down the flow of water and prevent it from washing away soil.
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any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season
A plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season is called a seasonal crop.
Seasonal crops are those that are grown and harvested at specified times of the year, and their growth is influenced by the region's weather and climatic circumstances.
Seasonal crops include the following:
Winter crops include wheat, barley, and rye, which are grown during the winter season.Spring crops are those that are grown in the spring, such as peas, beans, and lettuce.Summer crops, such as corn, tomatoes, and watermelons, are grown throughout the summer season.Fall crops are crops grown during the autumn season, such as pumpkins, squash, and apples.For such more question on seasonal:
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how does volcanic eruption damage property?
Answer: how does volcanic eruption damage property? differing value systems and changes in land use.
Explanation: Property damage from volcanic eruptions is difficult to estimate, because of differing value systems and changes in land use. One study estimates an average of $1 billion per year in property damage worldwide from volcanic eruptions. As with casualties, a few eruptions cause staggering damage, while most are much less destructive.
Approximately what percentage of contemporary global trade takes place within corporations?
Approximately 80% of global trade occurs within value chains administered by multinational firms.
What percentage of world trade is dominated by multinational corporations?Global investment and trade are inextricably linked in global industrial networks. This is especially true for multinational corporations (MNCs) that invest in productive assets around the world.
GVCs are a significant and growing source of double counting in global trade numbers. According to the new figures, $5 trillion of the $19 trillion in recorded global total exports in 2010 were double-counted.
GVCs rely heavily on services. While services account for only around 20% of total global gross exports, they account for over half (46%) of value added inputs to exports, as do most manufacturing exports.
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The Nile River supports significant amounts of __________.
A) dry farming
B) fruit cultivation
C) oasis and irrigated agriculture
D) no agriculture at all
E) All of the listed responses are correct.
E) All of the listed responses are correct.
The Nile River supports significant amounts of agriculture. As the longest river in the world, it provides a consistent source of water for dry farming, fruit cultivation, and oasis and irrigated agriculture.
Dry farming is the traditional practice of relying on rainfall to water crops. Fruit cultivation is the growing of fruit trees and bushes, such as olives, figs, and grapes. Oasis and irrigated agriculture involve the use of irrigation systems to bring water to the land for crop cultivation.
All of these practices are dependent on the Nile’s water supply, allowing for a wide range of agricultural activities throughout the region. Without the Nile, the entire region would suffer from a lack of fresh water.
This would mean no agriculture at all, resulting in extreme poverty and the inability to sustain a growing population. The Nile River is an essential part of life in the region and is a major factor in providing food and economic stability.
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using the provided biomes lab powerpoint, how do the biomes change as you go from west to east across the united states (list the varying biome changes (list biomes by name) from the west coast to the east coast of the u.s.)? use your knowledge of regional climate forces to explain this pattern.
Explain (not just list) four sources of information on the early history of the SolarSystem.
Various sources of knowledge may be used to study the Solar System's early past.
First, meteorites record the composition, age, and processes of the early Solar System. The isotopic composition of meteorites can reveal information about the genesis of the Solar System.
Second, studying the Sun and its attributes can help us comprehend the conditions that prevailed throughout the Solar System's early beginnings. The composition, age, and rotation rate of the Sun can provide details about the creation of the Solar System.
Third, the study of planets and their satellites can reveal knowledge about the early phases of the Solar System. Planetary geology and remote sensing can provide details about the innards, surfaces, and atmospheres of planets.
Finally, computer modeling may be used to mimic the Solar System's creation and evolution, revealing insights into the events that contributed to its formation. These models may be validated against data to help us better comprehend the early Solar System.
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Four sources of information on the early history of the solar system include:
1. Meteorites: Meteorites are fragments of space debris that have fallen to Earth. They are considered one of the most direct sources of information about the early Solar System. By analyzing the chemical composition, age, and isotopic ratios of meteorites, scientists can gather crucial insights into the formation and evolution of the Solar System approximately 4.6 billion years ago.
2. Planetary and Lunar Surfaces: Studying the surfaces of planets and moons in our Solar System provides valuable information on their formation and history. Surface features, such as impact craters and volcanic activity, can reveal the age and geological history of these celestial bodies. Additionally, analysis of rocks and soil samples collected during space missions, like the Apollo Moon landings, can provide further details on the early history of the Solar System.
3. Astronomical Observations: Observations of celestial bodies and phenomena using telescopes, both ground-based and space-based, allow scientists to collect information on the early Solar System. Techniques such as spectroscopy and imaging can reveal the composition, temperature, and motion of distant objects. By studying the properties of stars and other celestial bodies, researchers can gain insights into the processes that shaped the Solar System in its early stages.
4. Computer Models and Simulations: By inputting data gathered from the previously mentioned sources, scientists can develop computer models and simulations that recreate the conditions and processes of the early Solar System. These simulations allow researchers to test various hypotheses and observe the potential outcomes, helping to refine our understanding of the formation and evolution of the Solar System.
By combining these four sources of information, researchers can piece together a more comprehensive picture of the early history of the Solar System, leading to a deeper understanding of its formation and development.
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What is the dispute between semi-periphery countries and Genetically engineered seed companies?Semi periphery farmers save seeds to use the next year, GE companies want them to purchase new seeds each year but they can't afford the new products.
Semi-periphery farmers save seeds, but GE companies want them to buy new ones each year, causing affordability issues and sparking a dispute.
Genetically modified (GE) seed firms and semi-periphery nations are at odds over the practice of semi-periphery farmers conserving seeds for later planting. Genetically modified and patent-protected seeds are frequently sold by GE corporations, forcing farmers to buy new seeds every year rather than storing and recycling their current crop.
However, a lot of semi-peripheral farmers experience financial difficulties and are unable to pay the expense of buying new seeds every year, which results in disputes with GE corporations about seed ownership, price, and farming methods. The convergence of intellectual property rights, agricultural sustainability, and farmer livelihoods has given rise to this difficult subject.
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the iron cores of terrestrial planets were formed: group of answer choices by planetesimals from the outer solar system. during massive magma flooding events. after the atmosphere formed and erode the mountains from weathering. once the planets had cooled significantly. when the molten planets differentiated.
The iron cores of terrestrial planets were formed when the molten planets differentiated.
During the process of planetary differentiation, the denser materials, such as iron and nickel, sank towards the center of the planet, while the less dense materials, like silicates, rose to form the mantle and crust.
This process occurred once the planets had cooled significantly enough for the materials to separate based on their densities.
This differentiation happened early in the planets' history, after they had accreted from planetesimals and before the formation of atmospheres or the occurrence of massive magma flooding events.
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Most Hawaiian eruptions consist of basaltic magmas that pose relatively little risk to human populations, but an eruption of the volcano Loihi could be deadly. Why do scientists fear that a major eruption of Loihi could result in a significant loss of life?
Hawaiian eruptions are often moderate because the lava is highly fluid and hence flows freely beneath the surface as well as during eruption.
Why are scientists concerned that a catastrophic Loihi eruption could result in a significant loss of life?Volcanoes erupt with hot, toxic gases, ash, lava, and rock that are extremely destructive. Volcanic blasts have killed people. Floods, mudslides, power outages, poisoned water for drinking, and wildfires are among potential health problems associated with volcanic eruptions. Infectious disease, respiratory illness, burns, injuries from falls, and vehicle accidents induced by ash are among health problems following a volcanic eruption. When warnings are followed, the likelihood of harmful health repercussions from a volcanic eruption is quite low.
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Perihelion occurs on January 4 when the earth is farthest from the sun.A. TrueB. False
The given statement, "Perihelion occurs on January 4 when the earth is farthest from the sun." is true because sun is closest to earth at perihelion.
The Greek word perihelion literally translates to "around the sun". It results from Earth's eccentric orbit around the sun. An orbital body's apogee is the distance at which it is from the sun. Natural bodies orbits in the cosmos are often elliptical rather than precisely circular. While others appear to be fairly flattened, other orbits are only slightly elliptical.
A planet's or another celestial body's "perihelion" is the moment in its orbit when it is nearest to the sun. The distance between the perihelion and the aphelion for certain bodies, like as all of the planets in the solar system, is incredibly small.
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What happens when a house is on damp, compacted sand?
Sand is readily mobilized; there are no binding forces, and the structure built on sand can easily collapse. Especially if there is moving water, then the sand is easily migrated. Sea sand does not offer high tensile or compressive strength; hence it is not advisable.
a boulder that is found in an unlikely place and/or has a different composition that the underlying or nearby rock is possibly a(n):
If a boulder is found in a location where it is unlikely to have been formed or deposited naturally, and has a composition that is distinct from the surrounding rock, it may be classified as an erratic boulder.
Erratic boulders are rocks that have been transported to their current location by glacial ice or a debris flow, and are typically different in composition than the surrounding rock. These boulders can be found far from their source, and can be indicators of past glaciation or other geological events.
These boulders are typically transported by glacial ice, landslides, or other geological events over long distances, and deposited in areas that are geologically different from their source.
The erratic boulder's composition can differ from the underlying or nearby rock due to its origin and the type of rock that it is made up of.
The presence of erratic boulders can be important in studying past geological events, such as glaciation or landslides, and can provide insight into the geological history of an area.
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What is the name of a major fault that occurs near this epicenter?
The epicenter, epicentre or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
climates with high rainfall amounts will also have high rates of weathering. group of answer choices true false
The statement "climates with high rainfall amounts will also have high rates of weathering" is generally true.
Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks and minerals into smaller particles through physical, chemical, or biological means. Water is a major agent of weathering, and high rainfall amounts can increase the frequency and intensity of water-related weathering processes such as hydration, dissolution, and hydrolysis.
In areas with high rainfall amounts, the water can infiltrate the ground and percolate through rocks, carrying dissolved minerals and other chemical compounds that can chemically react with the minerals in the rocks, leading to their breakdown.
Additionally, the moisture and humidity in these climates can promote the growth of microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, that can also contribute to weathering.
Therefore, climates with high rainfall amounts generally have high rates of weathering. However, other factors such as temperature, geology, and vegetation cover can also influence weathering rates in a given region.
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Martian volcanoes appear to be shield volcanoes similar to Hawaiian volcanoes, except that the Martian volcanoes are much larger. What idea has been proposed
to explain the much greater size of Martian shield volcanoes compared to hot spot volcanoes on Earth?
Answer:
The greater size of Martian shield volcanoes compared to hot spot volcanoes on Earth has been proposed to be due to the difference in the physical properties of the planets' lithospheres. The lithosphere of Mars is thought to be much thicker and stronger than the lithosphere of Earth, which would allow Martian volcanoes to build up much higher before collapsing under their own weight. Additionally, the lower gravity on Mars would allow the magma to reach the surface more easily, contributing to the larger size of Martian shield volcanoes.
Explanation:
during the 1906 san francisco earthquake the average displacement of the san andreas fault was 5m (16ft). if you assume that the total displacement of the san andreas fault was caused over time by earthquakes of that magnitude, how many earthquakes have occurred to account for total displacement?
To determine the number earthquakes of that caused the total displacement of the San Andreas Fault during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, we need to use the formula: Total displacement = average displacement of one earthquake x number of earthquakes. only one earthquake caused the total displacement of the San Andreas.
So, if the average displacement of the San Andreas Fault during the 1906 earthquake was 5m, we can calculate the number of earthquakes that occurred to cause the total displacement: Total displacement = 5m x number of earthquakes
Rearranging the formula, we get: Number of earthquakes = Total displacement / average displacement of one earthquake. Since the total displacement was 5m, and the average displacement of one earthquake was also 5m.
We can conclude that only one earthquake caused the total displacement of the San Andreas Fault during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. However, it's important to note that the San Andreas Fault has experienced numerous earthquakes of varying magnitudes over time, not just during the 1906 earthquake.
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Southeast Asia, root crops- taro, yams and bananas, 14,000 years ago Where/what/when was the first domestication of plants?
The first domestication of plants is believed to have occurred in the Fertile Crescent region of the Middle East around 10,000 years ago.
Around 14,000 years ago, Southeast Asia is where the earliest plants were probably domesticated; there, evidence shows that root crops like taro, yams, and bananas were grown. The basis for later agricultural advancements in other locations may have been set by these early agricultural practices.
Researchers disagree on the precise site and date of the earliest plant domestication events, but continuing archaeological and genetic research is currently helping to understand this significant period in human history.
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True or false: the duration of all known magnetochrons (intervals of reversed or normal magnetic polarity) are equal.
It is true that the duration of all known magnetochrons (intervals of reversed or normal magnetic polarity) are equal.
The state of being a north pole or a south pole is referred to as magnetic polarity. Examining the geologic record reveals evidence of magnetic polarity reversals. When lavas or sediments solidify, they frequently retain a magnetic field signature from the moment of deposition.
As incredible as it may appear, the magnetic field reverses over on occasion. The geomagnetic poles are currently generally coincident with the geographic poles, but the magnetic poles occasionally travel far away from the geographic poles and experience a "excursion" from their ideal condition.
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