Answer:
what he said ^
Explanation:
i think...
Why are tanning beds not safe
Answer:
skin damages.
Explanation:
it hads UVA and UBV rays which cost the skin to be damaged by the rays. it can also make you have skin cancer.
A female fly that has miniature wings and sepia eyes is crossed with a male that has normal wings and is homozygous for red eyes. The F1 are intercrossed to produce the F2. Give the phenotypes and their proportions expected in the F1 and F2 flies from this cross.
Answer and Explanation:
The gene that expresses the size of the wing is X-linked. The dominant allele expresses long wings, XM, while the recessive allele expresses miniature wings, Xm. The gene that expresses the color of the eyes is autosomal. The dominant allele expresses red color, S, and the recessive allele expresses sepia color, s.A female fly that has miniature wings and sepia eyes (XmXm ss) is crossed with a male that has normal wings and is homozygous for red eyes (XMY SS).
The F1 are intercrossed to produce the F2.
1º Cross:
Parental) XmXm ss x XMY SS
Gametes) Xms Xms Xms Xms
XMS XMS YS YS
Punnet Square) Xms Xms Xms Xms
XMS XMXmSs XMXmSs XMXmSs XMXmSs
XMS XMXmSs XMXmSs XMXmSs XMXmSs
YS XmY Ss XmY Ss XmY Ss XmY Ss
YS XmY Ss XmY Ss XmY Ss XmY Ss
F1) 1/2 or 50% of the progeny are females and the other 1/2 or 50% are males
100% of the females (1/2 or 50% of the progeny) are long-winged and red-eyed
100% of the males (1/2 or 50% of the progeny) are miniature.winged and red-eyed.
2º Cross:
Parental) XMXm Ss x XmY Ss
Gametes) XMS XMs XmS Xms
XmS Xms YS Ys
Punnet Square) XMS XMs XmS Xms
XmS XMXm SS XMXm Ss XmXm SS XmXm Ss
Xms XMXm Ss XMXm ss XmXm Ss XmXm ss
YS XMY SS XMY Ss XmY SS XmY Ss
Ys XMY Ss XMY ss XmY Ss XmY ss
F2) 8/16=4/8=1/2 or 50% of the progeny are females and the other 1/2 or 50% are males
Females (8/16):
3/8 of the females are long-winged and red-eyed, XMX- S-1/8 of the females are long-winged and sepia-eyed, XMX- ss3/8 of the females are miniature-winged and red-eyed, XmXm S-1/8 of the females are miniature-winged and sepia-eyed, XmXm ssMales (8/16):
3/8 of the males are long-winged and red-eyed, XMY S-1/8 of the males are long-winged and sepia-eyed, XMY ss3/8 of the males are miniature-winged and red-eyed, XmY S-1/8 of the males are miniature-winged and sepia-eyed, XmY ssNote: The symbol "-" means that in its place might be a recessive allele or a dominant allele. For example, S- means that it might be SS or Ss.
Based on the objective you should feel comfortable calculating expected genotype frequencies when given observed allele frequencies. You should also be able to compare expected genotype frequencies from HWE to observed frequencies and determine if evolution is occurring.Here's a sample problem. You can do this without a calculator!Let's take the noob gene, a gene with two known alleles that determines feather color in the eastern lark. The two alleles, let's call them delta and gamma, can be sequenced. In fact, looking at a population in southern GA, you discover that 60% of the alleles in the population are the delta allele.1. What is the percentage of the gamma allele in the population?2. Even more interesting, based on HWE what is the expected frequency of the population that is homozygous gamma? 3. Now, after surveying an isolated population of eastern larks, you find that 20% of the population is homozygous gama (gamma gamma), 65% heterozygous (gamma delta) and 10% homozygous delta (delta delta) and 5% of the population is a previously undescribed genotype - zeta zeta (homozygous zeta). What can you conclude about evolution in the population and why? If evolution is occurring, which mechanism(s) would be responsible?
Answer and Explanation:
60% of the alleles in the population are the delta allele
1. What is the percentage of the gamma allele in the population?
According to Hardy-Weinberg, the allelic frequencies in a locus are represented as p and q, referring to the allelic dominant or recessive forms. The genotypic frequencies after one generation are p² (Homozygous dominant), 2pq (Heterozygous), q² (Homozygous recessive). Populations in H-W equilibrium will get the same allelic frequencies generation after generation. The sum of these allelic frequencies equals 1, this is p + q = 1.
In the same way, the sum of genotypic frequencies equals 1, this is
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
Being
p the dominant allelic frequency, q the recessive allelic frequency, p²the homozygous dominant genotypic frequency q² the homozygous recessive genotypic frequency 2pq the heterozygous genotypic frequencyAccording to the sum of the allelic frequencies
p + q = 1
1 equals 100%
100% ------ 1
60%------0.6
40%------0.4
The percentage of gamma allele in the population is 40%.
2. what is the expected frequency of the population that is homozygous gamma?
The genotypic frequencies, F, after one generation are p² (Homozygous dominant), 2pq (Heterozygous), q² (Homozygous recessive).
F(gamma)= p²= 0.4²=0.16 =16%
F(delta)= q²= 0.6²=0.36 = 36%
F (gamma-delta) = 2xp2q= 2 x 0.4 x 0.6 = 0.48 = 48%
3. 20% of the population is homozygous gama (gamma gamma), 65% heterozygous (gamma delta) and 10% homozygous delta (delta delta) and 5% of the population is a previously undescribed genotype - zeta zeta (homozygous zeta). What can you conclude about evolution in the population and why? If evolution is occurring, which mechanism(s) would be responsible?
20% gamma-gamma
10% delta-delta
65% gamma-delta
5% zeta-zeta
This population has different genotypic frequencies with respect to the population in southern GA:
The gamma genotypic frequency is a little bit higher in the isolated population (16% vs 20%)
The delta genotypic frequency is considerably lower in the isolated population (36% vs 10%)
The heterozygotic genotypic frequency is also higher in the isolated population (18% vs 64%)
It appeared a new phenotype in the isolated population, probably due to a mutation in one of the genes. We can assume that this is a new mutation because its frequency is still low (5%).
Maybe, the mutation occurred in an individual of the isolated population, and with time, this mutation increased its frequency, up to a point of being phenotypically visible. This could be a case of a bottleneck example.
The founder effect is a special case of genetic drift, where a few organisms of one population settles down in a new area carrying the genes of the original population.
Genetic drift is the random change in the allelic frequency in a population, from one generation to the other. The magnitude of this change is inversely related to the size of the original population. These changes produced by genetic drift accumulate in time, and eventually, some alleles get lost, while some other might get set.
Founder effect refers to the consequences that occur from the origin of a new population that derives from a small number of founder individuals that come from an ancestral bigger population. This small group shows poor genetic variation and a high possibility of expressing a peculiar allelic composition. Some mutation might occur and it can accumulate in time.
You want to estimate the number of canvas backs (a type of duck) at the Sacramento Wildlife Refuge. In two days you capture 200 canvas backs, mark all of them and release them. One month later you capture another 200 canvas backs, of which 100 were marked by you last month. Calculate an estimate for the population size of canvas backs.
A. 400
B. 100
C. 200
D. 300
E. 600
Answer:
Option A 400 individuals
Explanation:
Using this formula, we can estimate the population size of the canvas backs as this is a capture-recapture method.
N = (MxC) / R
Where N = estimated Number of individuals in the population
M = number of individuals captured and Marked = 200
C = total number Captured the second time (with and without a mark) = 200 and
R= number of individuals Recaptured (those with a mark) = 100
Thus, we have
N = (MxC) / R
= (200 x 200) / 100
= (40,000) / 100
= 400 individuals.
The instructions for making proteins are coded in the (cytoplasm / DNA / endoplasmic reticulum / nucleus) of a cell. In a eukaryotic cell, these instructions are located in the (cytoplasm / DNA / endoplasmic reticulum / nucleus).
Answer:
The instructions for making proteins are coded in the (cytoplasm / DNA / endoplasmic reticulum / nucleus) of a cell. In a eukaryotic cell, these instructions are located in the (cytoplasm / DNA / endoplasmic reticulum / nucleus).
Explanation:
The genetic code is contained in DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. This is usually the same among most organisms, save some RNA viruses. But in eukaryotes, the DNA is in the nucleus, whereas in prokaryotes the DNA is in the "nucleoid region", or a twisted up section near the middle of the cell.
The instructions for making proteins are coded in the DNA of a cell. In a eukaryotic cell, these instructions are located in the nucleus.
What is DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix that contains genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth.
it is also involved in reproduction of all known organisms and viruses. Nucleic acids include DNA and ribonucleic acid.
The information molecule is DNA. It stores instructions for the production of larger molecules known as proteins.
These instructions are stored in the nucleus of each of your cells and are distributed across 46 long structures known as chromosomes.
These chromosomes are composed of thousands of shorter DNA segments known as genes.
DNA is a linear molecule made up of four different types of smaller chemical molecules known as nitrogenous bases.
Thus, DNA is involved in coding protein and is usually located in nucleus.
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~~9. Using the appropriate osmotic terms (hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic) describe what would happen to each organism in the following settings: on. A single-celled freshwater protist is placed into a beaker of salt water. (3 points) b. A salt-water snail is mistakenly put into a freshwater tank. (3 points) c. A head of lettuce is placed soaked in a sink of salt water. (3 points) d. A bunch of carrots are placed soaked a sink of distilled water. (3 points)
Answer:hh
Explanation:hhh
Where in the body does a mutation have to occur in order to cause an inherited change in the offspring?
Answer
This has to be in germinal cells./germ-line cells.That is in the sex cells of either sperms or the eggs. it may occur during Gametogensis.
The fusions of these sex cells resulted in a new organism.Where the genes inherited in the two sex cells are fully expressed,It is duding the expression that the effect of the mutation will be shown.
Explanation:
ASAP PLEASE HELPP
In a DNA strand with the sequence of C-G-G-T-A-G, the letters represent different...
A.) Monosaccharides
B.) Amino Acids
C.) Nitrogenous Bases
D.) Fatty Acids.
Answer:
C) nitrogenous bases
I think its C since the rest are types of molecules bigger than DNA
A student is given a list of traits and is asked to organize them in a Venn diagram as shown below.
Inherited Both Acquired
Traits
Wolf's social status
Tiger's stripes
Blood type A
A scar
Skin color
Musical talent
-
III
Q
Which traits should the student put in section II (Both)?
O a scar and blood type
tiger's stripes and wolf's social status
musical talent and wolf's social status
musical talent and skin color
Answer: a scar and wolf's social status
Explanation:
The acquired traits can be defined as the traits, which are only influenced by the environment of the organism. The acquired trait cannot be passed down to the offspring, as they are not genetically determined. A scar and the social status of any organism is dependent on the behavior of the organism to the environment, no genes code for both of these characters. So, scars and Wolf's social status is an acquired trait.
The trait that should be put in section II (Both) is "a scar", as scars can be acquired due to injury or trauma, but some people may also have a genetic predisposition to scarring.
What are inherited and acquired trait?Inherited traits are characteristics that are determined by an individual's genetic makeup and are passed down from parents to their offspring through the process of reproduction. Examples of inherited traits include eye color, hair color, blood type, and facial features.
Acquired traits are characteristics that are developed during an individual's lifetime as a result of their interactions with the environment. Examples of acquired traits include scars, calluses, tanned skin, learned behaviors, and language proficiency.
While some traits may be either entirely inherited or acquired, many traits are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The complex interplay between nature and nurture contributes to the vast diversity of traits and characteristics found within the human population.
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Which macromolecule is made up of nucleic acids ?
A. Sucrose
B. RNA
C. Fatty Acids
D. Protein
Answer:
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Explanation:
DNA (deoxyribonucleic corrosive) is the most widely recognized type of hereditary material found in numerous living beings.
Nucleic acids connect the two strands of the DNA double helix together.
RNA (ribonucleic corrosive) is additionally found as genetic material (and not DNA) in certain creatures like infections.
Infections could have ssRNA (single-stranded RNA) or dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) as their hereditary material.
However, RNA is generally single-stranded, in contrast to DNA, which is double-stranded consistently.
Another type of RNA is messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), etc
name two ways that veins and arteries are different
Answer: blood travels from the heart through arteries and blood travels to the heart through the veins.
I hope this helps
Examples of stimulants include
a. Nicotine
b. Ecstasy
c. Dextromethorphan
d. A and B
Answer:
The answer to this question is d(A and B)
Explanation:
Hope this helps
Answer:
d but also c !
Explanation:
A and B are correct but also dextromethorphan has lower doses of stimulants
The feces of birds and mammals can also be used to assess ecosystem health. Research this methodology and provide two examples of animals used for these studies and the types of materials that are identified in their feces
Answer:
Birds and leopard
Explanation:
It has been researched and discovered that the feces of birds and animals can be used to determine the state of health of an ecosystem.
For example, it has been discovered that hormones and other substances are excreted through urine and feces. And researchers have discovered from the feces of leopards, that a leopard that has cave or trees where it can hide from hunters are not likely to be stressed out like the one that does not have.
How many groups are in the modem periodic table
Answer:
The correct answer is
18
Groups of the periodic table: The s-, p-, and d-block elements of the periodic table are arranged into 18 numbered columns, or groups.
Hope this helps!
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
Question 15
If a parent cell has 46 chromosomes, how many
chromosomes will be present in each daughter cell after
mitosis?
А
12.
B
23
46
D
9
2
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Its 23 in mitosis cell division
Diffusion is a passive process that accounts for the movement of respiratory gases across the capillary membranes of alveoli.
True
False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Diffusion is a passive process (no energy required) in which the substance such as liquid and gases moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
During respiration, carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli and oxygen diffuses from alveoli to blood across the respiratory membrane. The partial pressure of oxygen is low in the blood of the pulmonary capillaries and high in the alveoli. so diffusion allow movement of oxygen across the respiratory membrane from the alveoli into the blood.
Hence, the given statement is true.
What does lung hyperinflation stimulate (write on both lines)
Answer:
What does lung hyperinflation stimulate? ... Dust, smoke, and noxious fumes will stimulate receptors in airways.
Explanation:
please mark me as brainliest i hope this helped you... : D
In a particular species of tomato plant, the plants can bear fruits of different colors. Suppose a researcher crosses a homozygous plant that bears white fruit with a different stock of homozygous plant that also bears white fruit. In the F1 generation, all of the fruits are red. Two F1 plants are then crossed and the F2 progeny are examined. The F2 generation contains 219 plants with red fruit and 173 with white fruit.
Required:
a. What are the genotypes of the F2 progeny?
b. What type of epistasis, if any, is present?
1. dominant epistasis
2. duplicate recessive epistasis
3. duplicate dominant epistasis
4. no epistasis
5. recessive epistasis
Answer:
The genotypes of the F2 progeny are 9/16 A-B-, 3/16 A-bb, 3/16 aaB- and 1/16 aabb.The occurring interaction is duplicate recessive epistasis.Explanation:
Gene interactions happen between genes at different levels and have implications in the phenotypic expression, causing a wide genetic variability.
Epistasis means "interruption" and refers to interactions between genes located in different loci in the same chromosome. An “epistatic gene” can alter, influence, or suppress the expression of a "hypostatic gene". When the epistatic gene is recessive, the interaction is known as "recessive epistasis". In duplicate recessive epistasis, two genes are involved in the same metabolic path. Two recessive alleles in any of the two loci can suppress or inhibit the phenotype, in this example, tomato color.
Tomatoes that express the absence of color in the fruit have the following genotypes: aa B_, A_bb y aabb. Tomatoes with these genotypes are white, while tomatoes with A_B_ genotypes are red.
Cross 1:
Parental) aaBB x AAbb
Gametes) aB aB Ab Ab
Punnet Square) aB aB
Ab AaBb AaBb
Ab AaBb AaBb
F1) 100% AaBb, red tomatoes
Cross 2:
Parental) AaBb x AaBb
Gametes) AB Ab aB ab
AB Ab aB ab
Punnet Square) AB Ab aB ab
AB AABB AABb AaBB AaBb
Ab AABb AAbb AaBb Aabb
aB AaBB Aabb aaBB aaBb
ab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb
F2) 9/16 A-B-
3/16 A-bb
3/16 aaB-
1/16 aabb
Genotypes A-bb, aaB- and aabb express white or absence of color.
Genotypes A-B- express red color.
We know that in the F2 generation there are 219 plants with red fruit and 173 with white fruit.
The total number of plants is 392 (219 + 173), which is 100% of the F2 generation. So:
392 plants ----------- 100% F2 ---- 16
219 red plants--------56% F2------- 9
173 white plants------44% F2 ------ 7
There is a proportion of 9:7 because of the interaction between the two genes.
You are hiking in a forest and come upon a mysterious plant, which you determine is either a lycophyte sporophyte or a pterophyte sporophyte. Which of the following would be most helpful in determining the correct classification of the plant?
A) whether or not it has true leaves
B) whether it has microphylls or megaphylls
C) whether or not it has seeds
Answer: choice A
Explanation:
The main difference between pterophytes and lycophytes is the presence of true leaves(pteropytes) and lychophylls(lychophytes). Having lycophylls is a synapomorphy for the lychophytes.
Neither of these clades have seeds.
Choose the correct definition and two examples of radiative energy.
radiative energy is energy in light. Sunlight carries this form of energy, as do other forms of light including X-rays and radio waves.
flowers contain structures that are responsible for which process?
a- Germination ,
b-Reproduction ,
c-Respiration ,
d-transpiration
Answer: B: Reproduction
Explanation: Generally, flowers are the reproductive organs of plant. All its structures are geared towards the reproduction process
1. What were the first living things on Earth?
Answer:
prokaryotes
Explanation:
It has been stated that the rainforests owe their existence at least in part to bats.
Is this a valid statement and why or why not? Defend your answer.
Answer: Valid Statement ✓
Explanation:
Bats have been known to contribute to the growth and restoration of Tropical Rainforests in 2 main ways. Seed Dispersal and Pollination.
Seed Dispersal.
Fruit Bats in the Tropical Rainforest are responsible for a lot of seed dispersal. Feeding at night to avoid predators, they eat fruits from various trees and then defecate these seeds after digestion. Fruit Bats like most other bats are very strong fliers and so cover a whole lot of distance at night meaning that they give the seeds a very wide coverage. Indeed it has been shown that because they defecate the seeds, the seed already has fertilizer to get nutrients from as it grows thereby increasing it's growth rate.
There are also trees and plants that have evolved to grow spiky or sticky fruit that attach themselves to the Bats which then deposit them elsewhere as they fly.
Pollination.
Fruit Bats have specialized long tongues to sip nectar from flowers. When they do this they pollinate the flowers. It has even been shown that some plants evolved to have brighter colours so as to attract these bats to enable pollination to happen. Indeed research shows that more than 125 genera of tropical plants rely on bats for pollination.
Bats plays an essential role in the existence of rainforests, they help to replenish and expand the area of rainforests.
The importance of bats:Bats plays an essential function in the existence of rainforests. Along with the birds they assist in some of the major activities like replenishing the devastated region and expanding the region of rainforests. It is known that the majority of the tropical plants are dependent upon the methods of seed dispersal for expansion of rainforests.
Apart from this, restoration of rainforests is also dependent upon the fruit-consuming animals like bats. Bats helps to disperse the shrub species to the gradually regenerating barren landscapes or grasslands or rainforests, which got devastated. It has been found that about 90 percent of the pollination and dispersal of seeds in rainforests is done with the help of species like bats.
The bats can assist in regenerating the deforested areas in short span of time in comparison to any modern strategies. Therefore, bats helps in afforestation of rainforests. Due to their aerial nature, they possesses the tendency to cover wide region and plays significant role in dispersal and pollination.
Thus, bats are essential for the existence of rainforests.
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Which statement is true of viruses? A. Viruses do not consist of cells, but they have cell membranes, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and other cell organelles. B. Viruses do not consist of cells; they lack cell membranes, but do have cytoplasm, ribosomes, and other cell organelles. C. Viruses do not consist of cells; they also lack cell membranes, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and other cell organelles. D. Viruses are cells with cell membranes, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and other cell organelles.
Answer:
C. Viruses do not consist of cells; they also lack cell membranes, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and other cell organelles.
Explanation:
Viruses are only composed of a couple things: strands of nucleic acid that can be DNA or RNA, a protein coat called a capsid, and potentially a glycolipid coat to protect the outside.
There are no organelles, nor are there cells. Keep in mind that a virus is nonliving, so D is utterly wrong.
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper word or phrase into the appropriate position. Then place each sentence in order from the largest to the smallest cavity size being described
Drag the text blocks below into their correct order.
1. The________ are found deep in the diaphyses of long medullary cavities bones and are filled with yellow marrow in the adult.
2. Osteocytes maintain contact with neighboring osteocytes in adjacent lamellae via dendrite-like extensions through __________
3. Filled with matrix, , which are osteoblasts encased in perforating canals are found between layers of concentric lamellae nutrient foramen
4. Located in the middle of osteons, the contain the osteocytes blood vessels, and nervous supply of the compact bones. osteons
lacunae
central canals
canaliculi
Answer:
The medullary cavities are found deep in the diaphyses of long medullary cavities bones and are filled with yellow marrow in the adult.
Osteocytes maintain contact with neighboring osteocytes in adjacent lamellae via dendrite-like extensions through canaliculi.
Filled with osteocytes, which are osteoblasts encased in matrix, lacunae are found between layers of concentric lamellae.
Located in the middle of osteons, the central canal contain the blood vessels, and nervous supply of the compact bones
Explanation:
- The medullary cavities are central cavities in the bones. In adults, these cavities are filled with yellow marrow (adipose tissue).
- The canaliculi are small protoplasmic projections between the lacunae of ossified bones.
- The astrocytes are the most common type of bone cell.
- The lacunae are spaces where osteocytes are located in the mature bones
- The central canal provides nourishment to the osteocytes which collectively form the osteon.
A scientist discovers a cell that has chloroplasts, cytoplasm, DNA, and a cell membrane. Which statement best describes how
the cell could be classified?
Answer: The cell is eukaryotic because it has chloroplasts. A scientist is studying a cell and can clearly see that it has ribosomes and mitochondria.
Explanation:
Answer:
The cell is eukaryotic because it has chloroplasts. A scientist is studying a cell and can clearly see that it has ribosomes and mitochondria.
Explanation:
Just took the test 2020
select all that apply natural selection
1. is random
2. favors organisms well adapted to the environment
3.cannot work if beneficial traits are not hereditary
4. is often called survival of the fittest
Answer:
the answer is 2. favors organisms well adapted to the environment
How many children and adolescents with histories of maltreatment involving sexual abuse or combined sexual and physical abuse meet criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Answer:
Exposure to child physical abuse and parents’ domestic violence can subject youth to pervasive traumatic stress and lead to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The often repeating and ongoing nature of family violence exposure may result in youth exhibiting problems in multiple domains of functioning and meeting criteria for multiple disorders in addition to PTSD. These characteristics as well as unique factors related to
What would happen if a membrane protein were unable to bind with signaling molecule
The best experimental design:______
a. alters only one condition between the controls and the experimental condition
b. includes a large sample size for each condition
c. includes a control
Answer:
The correct answer is option d. "includes a large sample size and a control, and alters only one condition between the controls and the experimental condition".
Explanation:
The correct answer for this question is missing, which is option d. "includes a large sample size and a control, and alters only one condition between the controls and the experimental condition". The best experimental design includes all the options proposed: it includes a large sample size to ensure that the data is statistically relevant; a control to verify that the results are valid and are not obtained from other untested conditions; and it alters only one condition at the time to ensure the existence of the relation between condition and results.
