Can someone help me please

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We frequently see DNA replication as a well-organized, methodical process, much like a production line. It's not. For the DNA polymerase to read it, the DNA must not lie in a straight line and must be in motion, not static. It is curled and twisted. First, realize that this is a molecular issue. Bacteria lack neurons, cannot "think," and cannot make decisions. Everything is a chemical reaction, and chemical reactions frequently depend on one concentration's osmotic pressure being higher than another, both inside the cell and outside. Even at that level, there is a lot of "nothing," albeit nothing is empty. For a better understanding of the environment, picture a cell as a large room filled with balls of all sizes. Each ball has a unique form and isn't spherical; some balls fit together flawlessly while others don't. This is the easiest way to conceptualize the universe of molecular chemistry. There is never "nothing" other than in space when you push your way through layers upon layers of free oxygen, free nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, hydrogen dioxide, argon, methane, etc. when you walk through what we term "air."

Replication mistakes happen. Sometimes DNA polymerase enzymes add the incorrect nucleotide, too many, or too few nucleotides to a sequence. Or the DNA polymerase gets looped on the same strand, adding a few codons in a repetition before the strand slips away and it continues, or there is a tangle of crossing DNA and it jumps to the incorrect thread and back (or never), etc. In order to ensure that the bases added to a developing strand are appropriately matched with their complements, DNA polymerase enzymes are quite picky about the nucleotides they choose to use. However, these enzymes do make errors. Specifically, at a rate of around 1 per 100,000 nucleotides. Doesn't sound like much, but since each diploid cell has 6 billion base pairs, there are around 120,000 errors every cell division.

Ribosomal errors during transcription can even change the synthesis of the DNA polymerase proteins, leading to the creation of a mechanism that is already faulty. Since not all ribosomes are created equally, ribosome quality is important. Bacterial mutation rates are greater because bacterial ribosomes are less accurate and produce a lot more errors than human ribosomes. That is a benefit for simple, quickly reproducing life, which is also very vulnerable to the stresses of the molecular chemical environment. Unlike most more complex forms of life, which also have DNA repair mechanisms incorporated into the DNA polymerase, humans have these mechanisms. Some of these processes can often correct mistakes as soon as they are produced, while others can do so over time.

Regarding the pairing of C and T, etc. There are a number of balls in that room that, at first glance, appear to be identical, but if you compare two closely, you could find that one bump is larger or is located incorrectly even if it appears to be same. Proton shift is one such. Here are two instances using the purine guanine (G) and the pyrimidine thymine (T) (G). Please excuse my handwriting; I learned to type at a very young age. Shifted on the right, normal on the left. NA polymerase (as do most more complex forms of life) frequently correct mistakes as soon as they are made and others that correct mistakes later.

(ATTATCHMENT #1)

Answer:

A

Explanation:

I think it's A. There are good answer for A.

Answer:

0

Explanation:

they cancel each other out (ex: 1 positive and 1 negative cancels, making it neutral or a charge of 0)

8.75 moles of oxygen will be left

The reaction is

Al(s) + O₂(g) -----> Al₂O₃(s)

On balancing the equation, we get:

4Al(s) + 3O₂(g) -----> 2Al₂O₃(s)

                      3/4 x 2 = 6/4 = 1.5 moles of aluminium oxide

                      3/4 x 3 = 9/4 = 2.25 mol of oxygen

8.75 moles of oxygen will be left

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Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but it changes from one form to another. Hence, option C is correct.

Energy is the ability to do work.

In physics and chemistry, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to be conserved over time.

This law means that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it can only be transformed or transferred from one form to another.

Hence, option C is correct.

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Answer:

all sloped parts

Explanation:

Sloped part of the curve  - all      as this would show a change in T   ( or delta T)

  the flat parts would involve no change in Temp

Avogadro's law states that in every mole of a substance, there are [tex]6.022 \times 10^{23}[/tex] molecules.

This means that in 2.3 moles, there are [tex]2.3(6.022 \times 10^{23})=\boxed{1.4 \times 10^{24} \text{ (to 2 sf)}}[/tex]

Considering the definition of volume, the volume of the box is 30 mL or 0.03 L.

Volume is a metric magnitude that is defined as the extension in three dimensions of a region of space. In other words, it is defined as the amount of space occupied by the object or figure in three-dimensional space. Volume is measured in cubic units.

Volume can be considered as the capacity of a container to hold a quantity of fluid (gas or liquid).

A box is a rectangular prism, which is defined as a prism with rectangular bases and rectangular lateral faces.

The volume of this prism depends on its three dimensions and is calculated as the multiplication of these dimensions:

Volume= Dimension 1× Dimension 2× Dimension 3

In this case, you know that a box has dimensions of 2.5 cm by 3.0 cm by 4.0 cm. So, the volume can be calculated as:

Volume= 2.5 cm× 3 cm× 4 cm

Solving:

Volume= 30 cm³

Being 1 cm³=  1 mL and 1 L= 1,000 mL then:

Volume= 30 cm³= 30 mL= 0.03 L

Finally, the volume of the box is 30 mL or 0.03 L.

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Answer:

-1071 Joules

Explanation:

The Joule was introduced as the SI unit for energy in 1925.  One calorie is equal to approximately 4.184 joules(J).  This is a conversion factor that we can write two ways:

(1cal/4.184J) or (4.184J/1cal)

(265 cal)*(4.184J/1cal) = 1071 J

Since the energy is leaving the system, it should be written with a minus sign:  -1071J

Answer:

1,108.76 joules

Explanation:

There are 4.184 joules per calorie

4.184 x 265 = 1,108.76

The earth's mantle will not change in the future because this region is safe from the intervention of human beings.

The transfer of heat and material in the mantle helps us to determine the landscape of Earth. Activity in the mantle moves the plate tectonics, that contributes to volcanoes, seafloor spreading, earthquakes, and building of mountains.

So we can conclude that the earth's mantle will not change in the future because this region is safe from the intervention of human beings.

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Answer:

This is not oxidation as it gain electron .

Oxidation reaction means addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen

or in other words loss of electrons

Mg ----> Mg²+ + 2e

this is oxidation reaction as Mg loss 2e to become +2

Sn³+ -----> Sn4+ + 2e

this is oxidation reaction as it losses electrons

similarly other are also oxidation.

The statement that can be placed in the blank cell to make the information in the table accurate is Plasma : (D). are made of neutral particles

Plasma can be defined as a form of matter, though its not as common as the three major forms of matter.

Plasma displays more of the features of a gas but it is not a gas. it has more density than a gas and is less dense than liquid and solid

In conclusion, The statement that can be placed in the blank cell to make the information in the table accurate is Plasma : (D). are made of neutral particles

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Answer:

Answer is (D) or fourth option

Explanation:

Plasmas are made of neutral particles

[tex]1) \text{ } \text{CaF}_{2}\\\\2) \text{ } \text{H}_{2}\text{S}\\\\3) \text{ } \text{NH}_{3}\\\\4) \text{ } \text{CCl}_{4}\\\\5) \text{ } \text{Na}_{2}\text{O}[/tex]

MgSo4 will be formed

Atomic size decreases across a period because but the positive charge of the nucleus gets increases across a period.

The shielding effect is the shielding from the pulling force of the positively-charged nucleus given to. the outermost shell electrons by the inner electrons.

Since the shielding effect remains constant across a group but the positive charge of the nucleus gets bigger, atomic size decreases across a period.

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Answer:

protons and neutrons have different charges but they have approximately the same mass

The given reaction Mg + O₂ → MgO is a type of Synthesis reaction. Hence option (1) is correct.

Synthesis reactions are reactions that occur when two different atoms or molecules interact to form one molecule or compound.

It is also known as combination reaction

In the given reaction Mg and O combines with each other to form one product i.e, MgO. Hence, The given reaction Mg + O₂ → MgO is a type of Synthesis reaction. Thus, option (1) is correct.

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Answer: d. both (b) and (c)

Explanation:

Atoms are too small to be seen on microscopes, so we model them based on theories.

Answer:

alcohol

Explanation:

alcohol thus, C2H5OH

Although soils are capable of resisting pH changes, there are some circumstances where the pH of the water can result in alterations.

The texture of soil affects how susceptible it is to the pH of the surrounding water. Smaller soil particles, such as clays and clay loams, have a greater impact than larger, sandier soils. There are more colloids, which are extremely minute particles, in fine-textured soils. Positively charged ions are maintained at these colloids. The cation exchange capacity of a soil refers to its capacity to hold onto these ions. Ions on the colloidal particles trade places with ions in the soil solution. The pH of the soil is less affected by negative ions in the soil solution.

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Answer:

1.) Ionic

2.) Nonpolar Covalent

3.) Polar Covalent

Explanation:

Ionic bonding generally occurs when a metal and nonmetal wish to donate/receive electrons from each other. These bonds are between two atoms with a large electronegativity difference. In the first diagram, potassium (K) is a metal and chlorine (Cl) is a nonmetal. As you can see, after the reaction, potassium donates an electron to chlorine.

Nonpolar covalent bonding occur when atoms of practically the same electronegativity combine. As such, atoms of the same nature have a zero electronegativity difference and thus always form these bonds.

Polar covalent bonding generally occurs between two nonmetals. These atoms have an intermediate size electronegativity difference. Carbon (C) and chlorine satisfy this rule.

Answer:

Beta decay

Explanation:

A beta particle (also known as an electron) is being emitted from the nuclide.

Answer:

By observing chemical reactions, we are able to understand and explain how the natural world works. Chemical reactions turn food into fuel for your body, make fireworks explode, cause food to change when it is cooked, make soap remove grime, and much more.

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Answer:

2.67 N

Explanation:

The normality equation looks like this:

Normality = Molarity (M) x Number of Equivalents

In this formula, the number of equivalents represents how many moles of the acidic species exist in the molecule. In other words, how many hydrogen atoms are in citric acid? This value would be 8 equivalents (as denoted by the subscript).

So, to find the normality, you need to (1) convert grams C₆H₈O₇ to moles (via molar mass), then (2) calculate the molarity (via molarity equation using moles and volume), and then (3) calculate normality (via normality equation using molarity and # of eq.).

(Step 1)

Molar Mass (C₆H₈O₇): 6(12.011 g/mol) + 8(1.008 g/mol) + 7 (15.998 g/mol)

Molar Mass  (C₆H₈O₇): 192.116 g/mol

128 g C₆H₈O₇             1 mole
----------------------  x  ----------------------  =  0.666 moles C₆H₈O₇
                                   192.116 g

(Step 2)

Molarity = moles / volume (L)

Molarity = 0.666 moles C₆H₈O₇ / 2 L H₂O

Molarity = 0.333 M

(Step 3)

C₆H₈O₇  -----> 8 hydrogen atoms

Normality = molarity x number of equivalents

Normality = 0.333 M x 8

Normality = 2.67 N

Yes, you're absolutely correct

They're going to fall apart.

A system's entropy cannot decrease unless heat is being lost from it. This indicates that entropy cannot decrease in a closed system (i.e., nothing enters or leaves, and that means nothing at all), so it must either remain constant or rise. Entropy can decrease, rise, or stay constant in an open system when movement between the system and its surroundings is conceivable. Both of these outcomes leave open the option of a constant state.

Entropy:-

The quantity of atom-alignment combinations that can exist in a system is known as entropy. The quantity of energy that cannot be used for work can also be calculated from an object's entropy.

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Answer: Some possible bias in an experiment about how sleep affects mood could be a person's average mood with or without sleep, how people are acting in the experiment compared to how they actually would in their normal environment, or even how the person collected the data for the experiment interprets their moods.

Explanation:

1. A person's mood could be relatively different depending on other factors than just sleep, so it could affect experiment. For example if an emotional crisis had occurred recently, it could affect your mood and environmental factors could affected your mood, like weather.

2. A person could also change their mood around strangers or even when participating in the experiment. For instance if they aren't comfortable with the person taking down the analysist or the other test subjects, they make act differently than they usually do at home where they're comfortable.

3. A person collecting the data will have to know how to specify and determine a persons mood with their instruments. For example, if they're doing it just by talking with the test subjects, they'll have to know how to properly understand their different stages of each of their moods with out the data collectors mood changing as well. Also, if the data collectors mood is changed at all it can slightly affect the experiments results as well.

Answer:

temporary changes are the changes which are there only for a short period if time generally temporary changes are reversible permanent changes are the changes which remain to for longer time and are not reversible

Explanation:

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The mass of manganese oxide (MnO2) that is needed to generate 126.0 g Zn(OH)2 is 220.56 g.

The mass of MnO2 that is needed to generate 126.0 g Zn(OH)2 is calculated as follows;

Zn + 2MnO₂ + H₂O → Zn(OH)2 + Mn₂O3

From the reaction above;

2(87 g/mol of MnO₂) ---------> 99.4 g/mol of Zn(OH)2

174 ---------------------> 99.4

? -------------------------> 126

= (126 x 174)/99.4

= 220.56 g

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Answer:

220.56

Explanation: