Calculate the ph of the resulting solution when 85 mL of 0. 3 M nitric acid is mixed with 75 mL of 0. 2 magnesium hydroxide

During the discharge of a lead-acid battery, the oxidation reaction occurs at the anode where lead (Pb) is converted into lead sulfate (PbSO4) and electrons are released:
Pb(s) → PbSO4(s) + 2e-

Meanwhile, reduction occurs at the cathode where lead dioxide (PbO2) is reduced to lead sulfate (PbSO4) by gaining those electrons released at the anode:
PbO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- → PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l)
The balanced chemical equation shows that for every two electrons transferred at the anode, one molecule of PbSO4 is formed. Therefore, the 378 grams of Pb from the anode would produce 378/207 = 1.82 moles of PbSO4.
Since the reaction at the cathode involves the reduction of PbO2 to PbSO4, the same number of moles of PbSO4 should be formed at the cathode. The molar mass of PbO2 is 239.2 g/mol, so the mass of PbO2 that is reduced at the cathode would be:
1.82 moles x 239.2 g/mol = 435.8 g
Therefore, during the same period of discharge, 435.8 grams of PbO2 would be reduced at the cathode.

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Answer:

Niobium (Columbium)

Explanation:

Specific heat capacity has the units J/(kg °C). To find the heat capacity, all we need to do is organize the values so the units match up.

1200 J / (0.03 kg * 150°C) = 266.67 or 267 J/(kg °C)

The closest metal to a 267 heat capacity is Niobium I believe.

The ratio of NH₃ to O₂ is less than 4:7, it means that NH₃ is the limiting reagent. Therefore, NH₃ will be completely consumed before O₂ and the amount of product formed will be determined by the amount of NH₃ available.

To determine the limiting reagent, we need to compare the amount of each reactant with their respective stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced chemical equation.

First, we convert the given masses of NH₃ and O₂ to moles using their molar masses:

58.3 g NH₃ × (1 mol NH₃ ÷ 17.03 g NH₃) = 3.42 mol NH₃

126 g O₂ × (1 mol O₂ ÷ 32 g O₂) = 3.94 mol O₂

Next, we compare the number of moles of NH₃ and O₂ to the stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced equation:

NH₃ : O₂ ratio = 4:7

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The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between NH4Cl and KOH is:

NH4Cl + KOH → NH3 + KCl + H2O

a. To calculate the volume of 0.20 M KOH required to reach the equivalence point, we need to know the amount of NH4Cl in the solution. The amount of NH4Cl can be calculated as follows:

amount of NH4Cl = (mass of NH4Cl) / (molar mass of NH4Cl)

                = 11.4 g / 53.49 g/mol

                = 0.2131 mol

At the equivalence point, all of the NH4Cl has reacted with the KOH, and the number of moles of KOH added is equal to the number of moles of NH4Cl in the solution. Therefore, we can calculate the volume of KOH required as follows:

moles of KOH = moles of NH4Cl

            = 0.2131 mol

volume of KOH = moles of KOH / Molarity of KOH

             = 0.2131 mol / 0.20 mol/L

             = 1.065 L = 1065 mL

Therefore, 1065 mL of 0.20 M KOH are required to reach the equivalence point.

b. At the equivalence point, all of the NH4Cl has been converted to NH3, K+ and Cl-. Therefore, the concentration of K+ and Cl- will be determined by the amount of KOH added, while the concentration of NH3 will be determined by the amount of NH4Cl initially present. Assuming volumes are additive, the volume of the solution at the equivalence point is 150 mL + 1065 mL = 1215 mL.

The number of moles of K+ and Cl- at the equivalence point can be calculated as follows:

moles of K+ = concentration of KOH × volume of KOH added

           = 0.20 mol/L × 1.065 L

           = 0.213 mol

moles of Cl- = moles of NH4Cl initially present

            = 0.2131 mol

The concentration of K+ and Cl- at the equivalence point can be calculated by dividing the number of moles by the volume of the solution:

[K+] = moles of K+ / volume of solution

    = 0.213 mol / 1.215 L

    = 0.175 M

[Cl-] = moles of Cl- / volume of solution

     = 0.2131 mol / 1.215 L

     = 0.175 M

The concentration of NH3 at the equivalence point can be calculated from the amount of NH4Cl initially present, since all of the NH4Cl has been converted to NH3:

moles of NH3 = moles of NH4Cl initially present

            = 0.2131 mol

The concentration of NH3 can be calculated by dividing the number of moles by the volume of the solution:

[NH3] = moles of NH3 / volume of solution

     = 0.2131 mol / 1.215 L

     = 0.175 M

Therefore, at the equivalence point, [Cl-] = [K+] = 0.175 M, and [NH3] = 0.175 M.

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The volume of [tex]NaOH[/tex] used to titrate the[tex]HCl[/tex] is 5.80 mL

First, we need to find the number of moles of [tex]HCl[/tex] that reacted with the [tex]CaCO3[/tex].

2 mol [tex]HCl[/tex] react with 1 mol [tex]CaCO3[/tex]

Moles of [tex]HCl[/tex] = (7.50 mL) x (2.00 mol/L) = 0.015 mol [tex]HCl[/tex]

From the balanced equation, we see that 1 mol of [tex]CaCO3[/tex] reacts with 2 mol of [tex]HCl[/tex]. Therefore, the number of moles of [tex]CaCO3[/tex] in the original 0.205 g sample is:

Moles of[tex]CaCO3[/tex] = 0.205 g / 100.09 g/mol = 0.002049 mol [tex]CaCO3[/tex]

Since 1 mol of [tex]CaCO3[/tex] produces 1 mol of [tex]CO2[/tex], we have:

Moles of[tex]CO2[/tex]produced = 0.002049 mol [tex]CaCO3[/tex]

Now we need to calculate the concentration of [tex]CO2[/tex] in the final 125.0 mL solution.

Concentration of [tex]CO2[/tex] = Moles of [tex]CO2[/tex] produced / Volume of solution

Concentration of [tex]CO2[/tex] = 0.002049 mol / 0.125 L = 0.0164 mol/L

Finally, we can use the balanced equation for the titration reaction to calculate the number of moles of [tex]NaOH[/tex]used.

1 mol [tex]NaOH[/tex] reacts with 1 mol [tex]HCl[/tex]

Moles of [tex]NaOH[/tex] used = (0.058 L) x (0.1000 mol/L) = 0.0058 mol [tex]NaOH[/tex]

Since the volume of the aliquot is 10.00 mL or 0.0100 L, the concentration of [tex]HCl[/tex] is:

Concentration of [tex]HCl[/tex] = Moles of NaOH used / Volume of [tex]HCl[/tex]

Concentration of [tex]HCl[/tex] = 0.0058 mol / 0.0100 L = 0.580 M

Therefore, the volume of [tex]NaOH[/tex] used to titrate the [tex]HCl[/tex]is:

Volume of [tex]NaOH[/tex] = (0.580 M) x (0.0100 L) = 0.00580 L or 5.80 mL

So, the answer is 5.80 mL.

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Ca +Br2 ---> CaBr2

2HNO3 + BaCl2 --->Ba(NO3)2 +2HCl

C7H16 + 11O2 → 7CO2 + 8H2O

Cl2 + 2KI --->2KCl + I2

No reaction

2Na3PO4 + 3Mg(NO3)2 → Mg3(PO4)2 + 6NaNO3

2Al + 3ZnCl2 → 3Zn + 2AlCl3

Li(OH) (ag) + HCI (aq) —>LiCl + H2O

2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

The burning splint would make a "pop" sound.

A balanced equation is a chemical equation that has an equal number of atoms of each element on both the reactant and product sides.

In other words, a balanced equation follows the law of conservation of mass, which states that the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction.

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The molarity of an aqueous solution containing 6.7 moles of potassium chloride in 0.63L is 10.6 M.

The quantity of solute molecules per litre of solution is known as a solution's molarity. In this issue, we are given the number of moles of solute (potassium chloride) and the volume of the solution. We can use this information to calculate the molarity of the solution using the following formula:

Volume of solution (V) / moles of solute (n) equals molarity (M).

Substituting the given values, we get:

Molarity (M) = 6.7 moles / 0.63 L = 10.6 M

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 10.6 M, rounded to the tenths place.

It is important to note that molarity is a measure of concentration and is affected by both the amount of solute and the volume of the solution. Thus, it is important to accurately measure the volume of the solution to calculate the molarity correctly.

Furthermore, it is important to use caution when handling concentrated solutions such as this one, as they can be hazardous. Proper safety equipment and procedures should be followed when working with such solutions.

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In this problem, we are given the volume of a gas collected over water at a certain temperature and pressure. We need to determine the volume of the dry gas at STP (standard temperature and pressure).

First, we need to understand why the presence of water is important in this problem. When a gas is collected over water, some of the water vapor dissolves in the gas, which affects the volume of the gas we measure. In order to account for this, we need to use the concept of vapor pressure.

The vapor pressure of water at 22.0°C is 2.64 kPa. This means that at 22.0°C and 98.0 kPa, the total pressure is the sum of the pressure due to the gas and the pressure due to the water vapor. We can use Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures to calculate the pressure due to the gas alone:

P_gas = P_total - P_water vapor
P_gas = 98.0 kPa - 2.64 kPa
P_gas = 95.36 kPa

Now we can use the Ideal Gas Law to calculate the volume of the dry gas at STP:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature. At STP, P = 101.3 kPa and T = 273.15 K.

We can rearrange the Ideal Gas Law to solve for the volume of the dry gas:

V_dry gas = (V_collected gas * P_gas * T_STP) / (P_STP * T_collected gas)

where V_collected gas is the volume of the gas collected over water, T_collected gas is the temperature of the gas collected over water, and T_STP is the temperature at STP.

Plugging in the numbers, we get:

V_dry gas = (1.85 L * 95.36 kPa * 273.15 K) / (101.3 kPa * 295.15 K)
V_dry gas = 1.60 L

Therefore, the volume of the dry gas at STP is 1.60 L. It's important to note that the volume of the dry gas is smaller than the volume of the gas collected over water, because some of the volume was occupied by water vapor.

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The energy of a photon that emits a light of frequency 6. 42 x 1014 Hz is 4.25 x 10^-19 J.

The energy of a photon can be calculated using the equation:

E=hf,

where E is the energy of the photon, h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J.s), and f is the frequency of the light emitted by the photon.

Plugging in the given frequency of 6.42 x 10^14 Hz into the equation, we get

E=(6.626 x 10^-34 J.s)(6.42 x 10^14 Hz) = 4.25 x 10^-19 J.

Therefore, the correct answer is B i.e, 4.25 x 10^-19 J.

It should be emphasized that a photon's energy is directly linked to its frequency and inversely related to its wavelength. Therefore, light with higher frequency, such as blue light, contains more energy than light with lower frequency, such as red light.

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Based on the rate law, the equivalent expression to d[NO₂]/dt is -2k[O₃][NO₂]; option B.

A rate law gives a mathematical explanation of how variations in a substance's amount affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

To determine the equivalent expression to d[NO₂]/dt, differentiate the rate law with respect to [NO₂].

d/dt[k[O₃][NO₂]] = k[d[O₃]/dt][NO₂] + k[O₃][d[NO₂]/dt]

We assume d[O₃]/dt is a constant = k1 (since it is not given in the rate law)

The coefficient for NO₂ is -2,

Substituting in the equation above:

d[NO₂]/dt = (-2k/k1)[O₃][NO₂]

d[NO₂]/dt = -2k[O₃][NO₂]/k1

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The final temperature will be approximately -55.6 degrees Celsius when the volume is reduced to 5.25 mL.

According to Charles' Law, when pressure is constant, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature (in Kelvin). The formula for Charles' Law is V1/T1 = V2/T2.

First, convert the initial temperature from Celsius to Kelvin (68 + 273.15 = 341.15 K). Then, plug in the values: (12.75 mL / 341.15 K) = (5.25 mL / T2).

To solve for T2, multiply both sides by T2 and divide by 5.25 mL: T2 = (341.15 K * 5.25 mL) / 12.75 mL ≈ 139.6 K. Finally, convert back to Celsius: 139.6 K - 273.15 ≈ -55.6 degrees Celsius.

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Answer: Energy

Explanation:

Energy is the ability to do work or produce heat.

Starting with 100 molecules of the first limiting reagent, the maximum number of product molecules that can be formed at the end of the final reaction, given the yields of each reaction, is 11 molecules.

Let's call the starting number of molecules of the first limiting reagent "A". Then, the number of molecules of each reactant and product after each reaction can be represented as follows,

Reaction 1: A → B (80% yield)

Starting molecules of A = 100

Molecules of B produced = 80

Reaction 2: B → C (90% yield)

Starting molecules of B = 80

Molecules of C produced = 72

Reaction 3: C → D (65% yield)

Starting molecules of C = 72

Molecules of D produced = 46.8 (rounded to 47)

Reaction 4: D → E (76% yield)

Starting molecules of D = 47

Molecules of E produced = 35.72 (rounded to 36)

Reaction 5: E → F (30% yield)

Starting molecules of E = 36

Molecules of F produced = 10.8 (rounded to 11)

Therefore, the maximum number of product molecules that can be formed at the end of the final reaction is 11, rounded to the nearest whole number.

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Answer:

in chemical reactions moles correspond to the number of molecules or atoms that go into reaction. It means that number that is in front of molecule or atom for example in this reaction you have one oxygen it means one mole of oxygen. 4 molecules of acid correspond to 4 moles of HCl. So the final answer would be:

4 moles of HCl

2 moles of H2O

2 moles of Cl2

According to the question the two results of the uneven heating of Earth's surface are ocean currents and global winds.

Currents are electrical energy that flows through a circuit. They are typically measured in amperes (amps), and they result from the flow of electrons through the circuit. Currents can be either direct or alternating, and they are used to power many electrical appliances and power systems. Direct currents are generated from sources such as batteries, while alternating currents are produced by generators and power plants. Currents can also be generated artificially, using devices such as transformers, or naturally, through processes such as lightning. The magnitude of currents depends on the voltage and resistance of the circuit. Currents can be used to control the operation of many electrical circuits and components, such as motors, relays, and switches. They can also be used to provide power for many electrical devices, including lights, computers, and other electronic equipment.

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In order to respond to this query, it is necessary to first define a saturated solution. When a solution reaches its maximal solubility, no more solute can dissolve in the solvent, creating a saturated solution.

Potassium iodide is the solute in this scenario, while water is the solvent. Potassium iodide is most soluble in water at a temperature of around 74.2 grammes per 100 grammes of water.

We must thus add 19.2 additional grammes of KI to the solution in order to make it saturated. This implies that there would be 74.2 grammes of KI in the entire solution.

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For question 3, we can use the relationship pH + pOH = 14 to solve for the pH, which is 1.96.

Then, we can use the equation Kw = [[H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 1.0 x 10⁻¹⁴ to solve for the hydronium concentration, which is 5.01 x 10⁻¹³ M.

For question 4, we can use the equation for the acid dissociation constant (Ka) to solve for the concentration of the conjugate base, F-. Ka = [H₃O⁺][F⁻]/[HF].

We know the concentration of HF is 2.5 moles, so we can convert this to molarity using the volume of the solution. Then, we can plug in the values we have and solve for [F-], which is 2.77 M. This solution will be acidic, as the Ka value is less than 1.

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Based on the texts, both authors would most likely agree that Lewis's works are varied in the subjects they depict.

Option B is correct.

C. S. Lewis FBA has some notable works such as The Chronicles of Narnia, Mere Christianity The Allegory of Love, The Screwtape Letters, The Abolition of Man, The Space Trilogy Till We Have Faces Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life.

This statement indicates that Edmonia Lewis created works in a range of subjects, which is supported by her sculpting of both historical and contemporary figures, as well as mythological and biblical scenes.

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Hematite and magnetite are important ore minerals of iron found in banded iron formations (BIF), option B is correct.

Iron is one of the most abundant elements in the Earth's crust and is an essential component of many industrial and technological applications. Hematite (Fe₂O₃) and magnetite (Fe₃O₄) are two of the most important iron ore minerals, both of which are found in banded iron formations (BIFs).

BIFs are sedimentary rocks that were formed billions of years ago and consist of alternating layers of iron oxides (hematite or magnetite) and silica-rich chert. These formations were formed when the Earth's oceans contained high levels of dissolved iron, which reacted with oxygen produced by photosynthetic organisms to form iron oxide minerals, option B is correct.

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The complete question is:

Hematite and magnetite are important ore minerals of ________ found in ________.

A. Zinc, hydrothermal deposits

B. Iron, banded iron formation (BIF)

C. Copper, secondary enrichment deposits

D. Aluminum, placer deposits

Ans.1

blank 1 =1

blank 2 = 3

blank 3 = 2

Ans.2

blank 1 = 6

blank 2 = 4

blank 3 = 5

Ans.

blank 1 = 11

blank 2 =  7

blank 3 = 8

To answer this question, we need to use the ideal gas law, which is PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature. We also need to use the concept of molar volume, which is the volume occupied by one mole of a gas at a specific temperature and pressure.

First, we need to find the number of moles of gas that occupies 350.0L at standard pressure (1 atm) and temperature (273 K). This can be calculated using the formula n = PV/RT, where P = 1 atm, V = 350.0L, R = 0.08206 L atm/mol K, and T = 273 K. Substituting these values, we get n = (1 atm x 350.0L)/(0.08206 L atm/mol K x 273 K) = 14.15 mol.

Next, we need to find the molar volume of the gas at the pressure and volume we want it to occupy. Using the same formula, but with the new pressure (P') and volume (V') values, we get V' = nRT/P'. Since we want the gas to occupy 3.00L, we have V' = 3.00L. We also know that the number of moles (n) and temperature (T) are constant, so we can rearrange the formula to solve for the new pressure (P'). Thus, P' = nRT/V' = (14.15 mol x 0.08206 L atm/mol K x 273 K)/3.00L = 2,062.58 atm.

Therefore, the gas must be compressed to a pressure of 2,062.58 atm in order to occupy a volume of 3.00L, assuming constant temperature and number of moles. This is a very high pressure, and it highlights the importance of understanding the properties of gases and how they behave under different conditions.

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11,169 grams of iron is produced from 300 moles of carbon monoxide reacting with 15,000 grams of ferric oxide.

The balanced chemical equation shows that 3 moles of CO react with 1 mole of [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] to produce 2 moles of Fe. Therefore, we can calculate the number of moles of Fe produced from 300 moles of CO reacting with [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] as follows:

1 mole [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] produces 2 moles Fe

300 moles CO produces (2/3) x 300 = 200 moles Fe (by stoichiometry)

Next, we can use the molar mass of Fe to convert moles to grams:

1 mole Fe = 55.845 g Fe

200 moles Fe = 200 x 55.845 = 11,169 g Fe

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pH = 6.00: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 will not precipitate.

pH = 8.00: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 will not precipitate.

To determine the pH at which Cu(OH)₂ begins to precipitate, we need to calculate the hydroxide ion concentration at which the product of [Cu²⁺] and [OH⁻]² reaches the Ksp value of Cu(OH)₂ (2.2e⁻²⁰). At this point, Cu(OH)₂ will begin to precipitate. Thus, we have:

Therefore, Cu(OH)₂ begins to precipitate at a pH of 6.3.

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The absence of attractive or repulsive forces between gas molecules means that they are free to move independently and randomly. This results in the motion of gas particles being characterized by constant collisions and changes in direction and speed. Without any forces to constrain their movement, gas particles will continue to move until they collide with other particles or the walls of their container. This is what causes gases to fill up any container they are in, as their independent motion allows them to spread out evenly throughout the available space.

What is attractive force?

An attractive force is a force that pulls or draws two or more objects or particles towards each other. It is the opposite of a repulsive force, which pushes objects or particles away from each other.

Attractive forces can be observed in a variety of contexts, including gravity, electromagnetism, and intermolecular forces in chemistry. For example, the force of gravity between two objects is an attractive force that pulls them together, while the electromagnetic force between opposite charges is also an attractive force.

What is repulsive force?

A repulsive force is a force that pushes two or more objects or particles away from each other. It is the opposite of an attractive force, which pulls objects or particles towards each other.

Repulsive forces can be observed in a variety of contexts, including electromagnetism and intermolecular forces in chemistry. For example, the force between two like charges is repulsive, while the force between two like magnetic poles is also repulsive.

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The options that describe the oxidation of the primary alcohols is a carboxylic acid can be produced by oxidation of a primary alcohol. Mild oxidizing conditions will result in an aldehyde product.

The Primary alcohols will be oxidized to form the aldehydes and the carboxylic acids. The secondary alcohols will be oxidized to give the ketones. The Tertiary alcohols, in the contrast, cannot be oxidized by without breaking the molecules of the C–C bonds.

The Primary alcohols and the aldehydes will be normally oxidized to the carboxylic acids using the potassium dichromate solution in the presence of the dilute sulfuric acid that is H₂SO₄.

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3.75 moles CO₂ × 22.4 L/mole = 84 liters of CO₂ are produced when 32.6 liters of propane gas reacts with excess oxygen at STP.

Based on the balanced equation provided, 1 mole of propane gas (C₃H₈) reacts with 5 moles of oxygen gas (O₂) to produce 3 moles of carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure, which is 0°C and 1 atm pressure).

To determine the number of moles of propane gas (C₃H₈) in 32.6 liters, we need to use the Ideal Gas Law:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure (1 atm), V is the volume (32.6 L), n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L•atm/mol•K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin (273 K at STP).

Rearranging the equation to solve for n, we get:
n = PV/RT = (1 atm)(32.6 L)/(0.0821 L•atm/mol•K)(273 K) = 1.25 moles of C₃H₈

Since 1 mole of C₃H₈ produces 3 moles of CO₂, we can use a mole ratio to determine the number of moles of CO₂ produced:
1.25 moles C₃H₈ × 3 moles CO₂/1 mole C₃H₈ = 3.75 moles CO₂

Finally, we can convert moles to volume at STP using the molar volume of a gas:
1 mole of gas = 22.4 L at STP

So, 3.75 moles CO₂ × 22.4 L/mole = 84 liters of CO₂ are produced when 32.6 liters of propane gas reacts with excess oxygen at STP.

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O D. (6 + 4)÷2-1×3

the cacuclator gives u the answer to this

To predict the molecular geometry of these molecules using the VSEPR theory, we first need to draw the Lewis structure for each molecule:

1. HI

Lewis structure: H-I (single bond)

The central atom (Iodine) has 7 valence electrons, and each hydrogen atom contributes 1 valence electron. Therefore, the total valence electrons in the molecule is 9.

Steric number = number of lone pairs of electrons + number of atoms bonded to central atom = 0 + 1 = 1

Molecular geometry: linear

2. CBr4

Lewis structure:

:Br-C-Br:

: | :

:Br-C-Br:

The central atom (Carbon) has 4 valence electrons, and each Bromine atom contributes 7 valence electrons. Therefore, the total valence electrons in the molecule is 32.

Steric number = number of lone pairs of electrons + number of atoms bonded to central atom = 0 + 4 = 4

Molecular geometry: tetrahedral

3. CH2Cl2

Lewis structure:

H : Cl

| :

H-C-H

| :

Cl:

The central atom (Carbon) has 4 valence electrons, each hydrogen atom contributes 1 valence electron, and each chlorine atom contributes 7 valence electrons. Therefore, the total valence electrons in the molecule is 20.

Steric number = number of lone pairs of electrons + number of atoms bonded to central atom = 2 + 4 = 6

Molecular geometry: octahedral

However, the two lone pairs of electrons on the central atom will repel the bonded pairs more than the bonded pairs will repel each other. Therefore, the shape will be bent or V-shaped.

4. SF2

Lewis structure:

F : S : F

\ /

F

The central atom (Sulfur) has 6 valence electrons, each Fluorine atom contributes 7 valence electrons. Therefore, the total valence electrons in the molecule is 20.

Steric number = number of lone pairs of electrons + number of atoms bonded to central atom = 1 + 2 = 3

Molecular geometry: trigonal planar

However, the lone pair of electrons on the central atom will repel the bonded pairs more than the bonded pairs will repel each other. Therefore, the shape will be bent or V-shaped.

5. PCl3

Lewis structure:

Cl : P : Cl

:

Cl

The central atom (Phosphorus) has 5 valence electrons, each Chlorine atom contributes 7 valence electrons. Therefore, the total valence electrons in the molecule is 26.

Steric number = number of lone pairs of electrons + number of atoms bonded to central atom = 0 + 3 = 3

Molecular geometry: trigonal planar

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ΔS> O contributes to spontaneity. This is the relationship between entropy and spontaneity. Therefore, the correct option is option D.

Entropy is a measureable physical characteristic and a scientific notion that is frequently connected to a condition of disorder, unpredictability, or uncertainty. From classical thermodynamics, where it was originally recognised, through the microscopic description of nature in statistical physics, to the fundamentals of information theory, the phrase and concept are employed in a variety of disciplines. It has numerous applications in physics and chemistry, biological systems and how they relate to life, cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, and information systems, especially the exchange of information. ΔS> O contributes to spontaneity.

Therefore, the correct option is option D.

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