Answers
Based on Table 1, the severe PKU condition is associated with a substitution mutation of Isoleucine to Threonine in the PAH enzyme.
What is the disease PKU?PKU is brought on by mutations in the gene that produces the enzyme PAH or phenylalanine hydroxylase. The body requires this enzyme to convert the amino acid phenylalanine into other compounds.
The amino acid phenylalanine, which is harmful to the brain system, accumulates as a result of PKU. PKU might result in intellectual problems if left untreated.
Severe PKU condition is associated with a substitution mutation of Isoleucine to Threonine in the PAH enzyme. This mutation results in less than 10% of the wild-type enzyme activity and leads to a phenylalanine blood concentration of over 1200-1800 UM and severe intellectual disability.
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Related Questions
Which models the changes in the availability of food energy as energy moves through an ecosystem?
Answers
The model that represents the changes in the availability of food energy as energy moves through an ecosystem is called an "energy pyramid" or "trophic pyramid."
This pyramid illustrates the flow of energy through various trophic levels, from primary producers (such as plants) to primary consumers (herbivores), secondary consumers (carnivores), and so on.
As energy moves up the pyramid, only a fraction of it is transferred between levels, leading to a decrease in available energy at higher trophic levels.
The reason for the decrease in available energy can be explained by the second law of thermodynamics, which states that with each energy transfer, some energy is lost as heat.
Additionally, organisms use a significant portion of the energy they obtain for their own metabolic processes, growth, and reproduction. Therefore, only a fraction of the energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level, resulting in a decrease in available energy at higher levels.
This decrease in available energy at higher trophic levels has important implications for ecosystem dynamics. It limits the number of trophic levels that can be sustained in an ecosystem since there is not enough energy to support a large number of top-level predators.
The energy pyramid helps us understand the structure and functioning of ecosystems and highlights the importance of primary producers in capturing and converting energy from the environment.
It also emphasizes the interdependence of different trophic levels and the flow of energy through the food chain.
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The two-word name assigned to every species, as devised by linnaeus, consists of the ______ of the organism followed by a second word that designates the species
Answers
Answer:
Genus.
The first is Genus which is Capitalized and second is species which is not capitalized.
for example Homo sapiens for Humans
2. we discussed 2 strains of e. coli o157:h7 and k12. how is it possible for two organisms that are within the same genus and species to have genomes that differ in size and gene number? explain the significance of some of the additional genes that o157:h7 has acquired.
Answers
The e. coli O157:H7 and K12 are both strains of E. coli, but they have different genome sizes and gene contents due to differences in their evolutionary histories.
These changes can occur randomly or be driven by environmental pressures such as competition for resources or exposure to antibiotics.
E. coli O157:H7 and K12 are both strains of E. coli, but they have different genome sizes and gene contents due to differences in their evolutionary histories. E. coli K12 is a non-pathogenic strain that has been extensively studied as a model organism for genetics and molecular biology. It has a relatively small genome (~4.6 million base pairs) and lacks many of the genes that are required for virulence or survival in harsh environments.
On the other hand, E. coli O157:H7 is a pathogenic strain that has acquired many additional genes through HGT that allow it to cause severe foodborne illnesses such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. It has a larger genome (~5.5 million base pairs) and contains many virulence genes, such as those encoding Shiga toxin, which is responsible for the severe symptoms of the disease. Other acquired genes in E. coli O157:H7 confer resistance to antibiotics, ability to utilize unusual carbon sources, and ability to survive in acidic environments, which may contribute to its success as a pathogen.
In summary, differences in genome size and gene content between closely related strains of bacteria can arise through a variety of evolutionary processes. The acquisition of new genes can confer new capabilities and enable adaptation to different environments, which can be critical for survival and pathogenesis.
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What is the phase of mitosis called in which sister chromatids are separated?.
Answers
The phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids are separated is called Anaphase.
During Anaphase, the two identical sister chromatids, which are held together by protein structures called centromeres, separate and migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
This separation is facilitated by the shortening and pulling action of specialized protein fibers called spindle fibers or microtubules.
The process of sister chromatid separation in Anaphase involves several key events:
Sister Chromatid Separation: The centromeres that hold the sister chromatids together split, allowing the individual chromatids to separate. Once separated, each chromatid is considered a separate chromosome.
Chromosome Movement: The spindle fibers, which extend from structures called centrosomes located at opposite poles of the cell, attach to the kinetochores, protein structures found at the centromeres of each chromatid.
The spindle fibers then contract, pulling the sister chromatids towards opposite ends of the cell.
Poleward Migration: As the spindle fibers shorten, the separated sister chromatids are pulled along and move towards the centrosomes, located at the opposite poles of the cell.
This movement ensures that each future daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.
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PLEASEEE HELPP!!!! individuals can be identified by __ and species
Answers
Answer: one organism
Explanation: An individual is one organism and is also one type of organism (e.g., human, cat, moose, palm tree, gray whale, tapeworm, or cow in our example). The type of organism is referred to as the species.
The movement of alleles in and out of a population caused by individuals or gametes is known as:.
Answers
The movement of alleles in and out of a population caused by individuals or gametes is known as gene flow. Gene flow is one of the main factors that can alter the genetic makeup of a population.
It occurs when individuals move from one population to another and interbreed, bringing new alleles with them. The resulting gene flow can increase genetic variation within a population and reduce differences between populations.
Gene flow can also introduce new adaptations that may be beneficial for a population to survive and reproduce in a changing environment. However, it can also lead to the loss of unique genetic traits that may be important for the survival of a population.
Gene flow is an important process in evolutionary biology and can have both positive and negative effects on populations.
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Norman borlaug developed a drought and disease resistant dwarf _____ which helped the people of mexico and india during food shortages. rice corn rye wheat
Answers
Norman borlaug developed a drought and disease resistant dwarf wheat which helped the people of mexico and india during food shortages.
Here, correct option is D.
Norman Borlaug is known as the “Father of the Green Revolution” and is credited with saving millions of people from starvation in Mexico and India. He developed a drought and disease resistant dwarf wheat which allowed farmers in these countries to produce more food than ever before.
Borlaug’s innovation was a huge breakthrough in the effort to end global hunger. The dwarf wheat was able to grow much faster and in more difficult climates than regular wheat. It was also resistant to the stem rust disease which had been plaguing wheat crops in the region for decades.
Therefore, correct option is D.
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complete question is :
Norman borlaug developed a drought and disease resistant dwarf _____ which helped the people of mexico and india during food shortages.
A. rice
B. corn
C. rye
D. wheat
If the mouse population disappeared
from the ecosystem, the fox would
most likely-
A hunt owls and birds
Beat grasses and grains
C disappear from the food web
D eat more rabbits and squirrels
Answers
Answer: D. Eat more rabbits and squirrels
Explanation: If the mouse population disappeared from the ecosystem, the fox would most likely eat more rabbits and squirrels.
Genetic variation occurs in all organisms. Bacteria that cause ear infections, for example, are genetically similar and produce the same effect, but some variations may exist such that some of the bacteria might be resistant to antibiotics, while others are not.
Which of the following would increase the antibiotic resistant bacterial populations?
A.
newer and better antibiotics
B.
contracting multiple diseases simultaneously
C.
using a warm-air humidifier
D.
an overusage of antibiotics
Reset Submit
Answers
Answer: D
Explanation: The more antibiotics are used the more the bacteria is exposed to the antibiotics. This helps the bacteria get used to the antibiotics becoming immune.
8.)State the physiological processes by which water and mineral salts are absorbed from the soil by root hairs. (2 marks) .
Answers
Answer:
The absorption of water and mineral salts from the soil by root hairs involves several physiological processes. Here are the main steps involved:
Osmosis: Root hairs create a concentration gradient by actively transporting mineral salts into their cells from the soil. This increases the solute concentration inside the root hairs. As a result, water moves into the root hairs by osmosis from an area of lower solute concentration (soil) to an area of higher solute concentration (root hairs).
Active transport: Root hairs actively transport mineral salts from the soil into their cells against the concentration gradient. This process requires energy in the form of ATP. Active transport mechanisms, such as proton pumps, help in the uptake of specific mineral ions, such as potassium, calcium, and nitrate.
Diffusion: After mineral salts are absorbed into the root hairs, they move through the root cortex by diffusion. Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Mineral salts diffuse across cell membranes and move toward the xylem vessels present in the center of the root.
Capillary action and cohesion-tension theory: Once the water and mineral salts reach the xylem vessels in the root, they are transported upwards through the plant by capillary action and cohesion-tension theory. Water molecules form a continuous column due to their cohesive properties, and as water evaporates from the leaves through transpiration, a negative pressure or tension is created, which pulls the water column upwards.
These physiological processes, including osmosis, active transport, diffusion, capillary action, and cohesion-tension theory, work together to facilitate the absorption of water and mineral salts from the soil by root hairs and their subsequent transport throughout the plant via the xylem vessels.
Answer:
osmosis
Explanation:
water is drawn into the root hair by osmosis.The cell sap is usually more concentrated than the soil water.A concentration gradient exists between the cell sap in the vacuole of the root hair cell and the soil water.This exerts a higher osmotic pressure that leads to drawing of water molecules into the root hair cell by osmosis then finally to the xylem vessels
Orchids have developed an elongated petal that holds nectar to lure pollinators into carrying their pollen. Only certain species, such as the sphynx moths, with a long proboscis, can reach the nectar. A honey bee that usually gathers nectar from flowers like dandelion smells the nectar and attempts to reach it but cannot due to its lack of a long proboscis. What barrier is this an example of? *
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
This is an example of a mechanical barrier. The orchid has evolved a specific petal shape that holds nectar to attract only certain pollinators with a long proboscis, such as the sphynx moths. The honey bee, on the other hand, cannot reach the nectar due to its lack of a long proboscis. This mechanical barrier ensures that only specific pollinators can access the nectar and transfer pollen between flowers of the same species.
Orchids evolving an elongated petal that holds nectar to attract specific pollinators, such as sphinx moths with a long proboscis, while discouraging others, such as honey bees is an example of a physical barrier.
In this scenario, the physical characteristic of the elongated petal and the position of the nectar acts as a physical barrier to prevent honey bees from accessing the nectar.
The petal is elongated and the nectar is placed deep inside, which can only be reached by pollinators like sphinx moths with a long proboscis. Honey bees, which have a short proboscis, are unable to reach the nectar, thus creating a physical barrier.
This is an example of a natural selection process where the orchids have evolved a specific feature to attract only specific pollinators, which in turn increases the likelihood of successful pollination.
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I’m doing this question right now so: the fruit is carbohydrates carbon dioxide is the cloud usable chemical energy is the ATP and y’all should know water
Answers
The fruit is to carbohydrates as it is a source of energy that can be broken down by the body to produce glucose, a type of carbohydrate.
What are fruit carbohydrates?Carbon dioxide is to the cloud as it is a product of respiration and a waste gas that is released into the atmosphere, where it can contribute to the formation of clouds through various processes such as condensation.
Usable chemical energy is to ATP as it is the type of energy that is produced during cellular respiration and stored in the form of ATP molecules, which can then be used by the body for various metabolic processes.
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which biome is known for being hot and moist with constant rain
Answers
Answer:
tropical rainforest
Explanation:
Match the following terms and definitions.
1. tiny sacs within the lungs which increase the surface available for gas exchange
amylase
2. a digestive enzyme that breaks down starches and glycogen into sugars
bronchi
3. the two thin-walled chambers that receive blood into the heart from the veins
atria
4. the two tubes into which the trachea divide to go into each lung
alveoli
5. a tiny vessel through which diffusion takes place between the blood and the body tissues
capillary
6. a mass of nerve tissue not part of the brain
ganglia
Answers
(2.) amylase
(3.) atria
(4.) bronchi
(5.) capillary
(6.) ganglia
Answer in pic below ^^
The next day, the temperature decreased enough for both samples to experience a phase change. Actively read the prompt and the questions. Use your understanding about phase change too explain your answers to the questions.
Answers
A phase change occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another. In this case, the temperature decreased enough for both samples to experience a phase change.
The two samples could have gone from either a solid to a liquid (melting) or from a liquid to a solid (freezing). Depending on the material, the temperature at which they experience a phase change can differ. The lower the temperature, the more likely a sample will experience a phase change as it approaches its melting or freezing point.
The two samples could also have gone from a gas to a liquid (condensation) or from a liquid to a gas (evaporation). Condensation occurs when a gas becomes a liquid due to the cooling of the air, while evaporation occurs when a liquid becomes a gas due to the heating of the air.
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the long snout of the giant anteater, myrmecophaga tridactyla, of south america, and the echidna, tachyglossus aculeatus, of australia, are animals of different evolutionary lineages that are both adapted to eating ants. this is an example of multiple choice selective breeding. anatomical homology. convergent evolution. artificial selection. heterologous traits.
Answers
The long snout of the giant anteater, myrmecophaga tridactyla, of south america, and the echidna, tachyglossus aculeatus, of australia, are animals of different evolutionary lineages that are both adapted to eating ants. This is an example of convergent evolution.
Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species develop similar characteristics due to facing analogous environmental challenges or occupying similar ecological niches.
In this case, the long snout of both the giant anteater and the echidna is a shared adaptation for efficiently feeding on ants, which is their primary food source. It is important to note that this is not a result of selective breeding, anatomical homology, artificial selection, or heterologous traits.
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Explain how each pair of body systems works together to keep a person healthy: Respiratory System & Nervous System
Answers
The respiratory system and the nervous system work together to keep a person healthy by providing oxygen to the body and regulating its use.
The respiratory system is responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide through the lungs. The nervous system then takes this oxygen and distributes it throughout the body, allowing the body to receive the necessary oxygen it needs to function.
The nervous system also plays an important role in regulating respiration and controlling the body’s breathing rate. This helps to ensure that the body is receiving the necessary oxygen while also preventing the body from over-breathing and becoming oxygen deprived.
Through this process, the respiratory system and the nervous system work together to maintain the body’s health by providing it with the oxygen it needs.
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The Hiwassee, Little Tennessee, French Broad, Watagua, and New River
basins drain into the Mississippi River. What percentage of N. C. S land
drains into the Mississippi River? How did you solve this problem? *
Answers
Approximately 41% of North Carolina's land drains into the Mississippi River.
These basins you mentioned - Hiwassee, Little Tennessee, French Broad, Watagua, and New River - are part of the larger Tennessee and Mississippi River basins.
To solve this problem, we can compare the total area of the mentioned basins to the total area of North Carolina. The combined area of these basins is about 21,364 square miles, while the total area of North Carolina is about 53,819 square miles.
To calculate the percentage, divide the area of the basins by the total area of the state and multiply by 100:
(21,364 / 53,819) * 100 ≈ 39.7%
The result is approximately 41% when rounded up, which means that about 41% of North Carolina's land drains into the Mississippi River.
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Why does the temperature of the a melting ice cube stay the same
throughout the entire phase change?
O Energy is being released to create bonds between liquid water molecules to change it to a solid.
O Energy is being produced to increase the temperature of liquid water molecules.
O Energy is being used to break bonds between solid water molecules to change it to a liquid.
O Energy is being conserved to retain a constant temperature.
Answers
The temperature of a melting ice cube stays the same because the energy being supplied is used to break the bonds holding the solid together rather than increasing the temperature of the solid.
When a solid, such as an ice cube, is heated, its temperature increases until it reaches its melting point. At this point, the heat energy being supplied to the ice cube is used to break the intermolecular bonds holding the solid together rather than increasing the temperature. This process is called melting and requires a significant amount of energy.
During the melting process, the temperature of the ice cube remains constant because the energy being supplied to the cube is being used to break the bonds between the molecules, rather than increasing their kinetic energy, which would raise the temperature. This phenomenon is known as the heat of fusion.
Once all the bonds have been broken and the ice has melted, any additional energy supplied to the water will increase its temperature according to the specific heat capacity of water.
In summary, the temperature of a melting ice cube stays the same because the energy being supplied is used to break the bonds holding the solid together rather than increasing the temperature of the solid.
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George has a farmland that produces wastewater from agricultural which system can George use to do waste water treatment
Answers
George can use a constructed wetland system to treat wastewater from his agricultural land.
Here, correct option is A.
This system involves creating shallow ponds, or wetlands, that are filled with plants and soil, and made to accommodate the amount of wastewater generated from the farm. The plants and soil in the constructed wetland absorb and filter the pollutants from the wastewater, and the microorganisms in the soil further break down organic matter.
Additionally, the oxygen from the air helps to break down pollutants. The water then flows out of the constructed wetland, and is much cleaner than when it entered. The system also provides an additional benefit of creating a habitat for wildlife, and add vegetation to the landscape. Constructed wetlands are a cost-effective and low-maintenance way to treat wastewater.
Therefore, correct option is A.
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complete question is :-
George has a farmland that produces wastewater from agricultural which system can George use to do waste water treatment
A. wetland system
B. Dryland system
C. Both
D. None
The picture shows the fruit of the plant commonly called the beggar-tick. The spines on the tip of the
fruit help in its dispersal by allowing the fruit to be-
c. attached to animals
d.
eaten by birds
a. blown by the wind
b. carried on water
Answers
Answer:
Attached to animals
Explanation:
Which DNA fingerprinting technique examines the length variation of DNA repeat sequences in human DNA?
Answers
The DNA fingerprinting technique that examines the length variation of DNA repeat sequences in human DNA is called Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) analysis.
VNTRs are DNA regions that comprise short, repeating nucleotide sequences. Because the number of repeats at a specific VNTR locus can differ between people, it is a useful tool for DNA profiling.
VNTR research entails amplifying VNTR regions with PCR and then sorting the amplified fragments by size with gel electrophoresis.
Unique DNA profiles can be produced by comparing the size and number of amplified fragments between different people, which can then be used for identification and other purposes.
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what is the possibility of using radiometric dating methods on a meteorite made of sedimentary rock
Answers
There is a possibility of using radiometric dating methods on a meteorite made of sedimentary rocks but is is usually not effective in determining its age compared to igneous or metamorphic rocks.
What is radiometric dating?Radiometric dating, radioactive dating or radioisotope dating is described as a technique which is used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated when they were formed.
In conclusion, Radiometric dating rely on the presence of radioactive isotopes that decay over time.
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HELP reall easyy!!
Which example best describes the order of energy flow in an ecosystem?
Responses
, eagle → rabbit → grass, , ,
sun → alga → small fish
grass → mouse → grasshopper
sun → bird → worm
Answers
hope this helps
The example that best describes the order of energy flow in an ecosystem is: sun → alga → small fish.
In this example, the sun provides energy to the alga through photosynthesis, and then the small fish obtain energy by consuming the alga. This is an example of the basic pattern of energy flow in a food chain, where energy is transferred from one organism to another as they are consumed.
The animals known as a mountain lion, panther, puma, and cougar are actually the same animal, puma concolor. because of their large range, the animal has acquired different names around the globe. scientists most likely determined that these organisms are the same species by comparing and noting the similarities between the
Answers
Mountain lions, panthers, pumas, and cougars are all names for the same species: Puma concolor. Scientists have been able to determine that these animals are the same species by comparing and noting the similarities between them.
For example, all of these animals have a tawny coloration and a characteristic black tip on their tails, as well as similar physical features, such as a muscular body, long tail, and a round head. Additionally, they all inhabit similar geographic ranges and share the same dietary habits.
Furthermore, the genetic data collected from these animals has revealed that they are all closely related and possess the same DNA structure. This data has allowed scientists to correctly classify this species and finally settle the debate of whether these animals are one and the same.
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complete question is :
The animals known as a mountain lion, panther, puma, and cougar are actually the same animal, puma concolor. because of their large range, the animal has acquired different names around the globe. scientists most likely determined that these organisms are the same species by comparing and noting the similarities between them. explain.
Help I need help with alleles
Answers
Where the conditions related to Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is given, 2% of the population are carriers of the sickle cell allele (heterozygous individuals).
What is the explanation for the above response?The frequency of the dominant allele (S) is p, and the frequency of the recessive allele (s) is q. Since there are only two possible alleles in this case, p + q = 1.
Let's assume that the percentage of individuals who exhibit signs and symptoms of sickle-cell anemia (ss) is q^2 = 0.09. This means that q = √(0.09) = 0.3.
The frequency of the dominant allele (S) can be calculated as p = 1 - q = 1 - 0.3 = 0.7.
To calculate the percentage of carriers (heterozygous individuals), we need to use the Hardy-Weinberg equation:
2pq = 2 × 0.7 × 0.3 = 0.42
So, 42% of the population are carriers of the sickle cell allele (heterozygous individuals).
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what is the function of the brain structure indicated by the arrow? structure and function of brain regions what is the function of the brain structure indicated by the arrow? structure and function of brain regions relays sensory information to the thalamus and cerebellum. conscious thought coordination of complex motor patterns processes visual data
Answers
The brain structure indicated by the arrow is likely the inferior colliculus, a pair of small round structures located in the midbrain.
The main function of the inferior colliculus is to relay auditory information from the ears to higher brain centers, such as the thalamus and auditory cortex, for further processing and interpretation. However, it also receives input from other sensory modalities, such as vision and touch, and is involved in the coordination of complex motor patterns, such as those involved in reflexes and the orientation of the head and eyes.
Overall, the inferior colliculus plays an important role in integrating and processing sensory information to produce appropriate behavioral responses.
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Full Question: What is the function of the brain structure indicated by the arrow? structure and function of brain regions?
Ostriches and Gazelles feed next to each other. They both watch for predators and
alert each other to danger. Since the visual abilities of the two species are different,
they can each identify threats the other animal would not as readily see.
Parasitism
Competition
Commensalism
Music
Answers
What does the name of the scenario stand for? List the scenarios explored in the IPCC 6th Assessment Report. You find this information for example in the IPCC Summary for Policymakers, which is available on the lecture Canvas page under "Modules", or on the lecture slides.
Answers
The name of the scenario in the IPCC 6th Assessment Report refers to the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), which describe possible future socioeconomic developments and their potential impact on greenhouse gas emissions and climate change.
The SSPs are designed to be used in conjunction with climate models to explore various potential futures and inform policy decisions. The SSPs are numbered 1-5, with SSP1 representing a future with sustainable development and low greenhouse gas emissions, while SSP5 represents a future with high greenhouse gas emissions and unsustainable development.
The scenarios explored in the IPCC 6th Assessment Report include the five SSPs, as well as different scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions and climate change based on various assumptions and models.
The report explores potential future impacts on global temperature, sea level rise, extreme weather events, and other climate-related phenomena, as well as potential mitigation and adaptation strategies.
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8. Scientists cross two organisms which produce 32
offspring. The research team determines that tallness (T) is
dominant over shortness (t), and brown eyes (B) are
dominant over green eyes (b) Both parents' genotype for
height and eye color are TtBb. Of the 32 offspring
produced, how many will likely be short with green eyes?
F 2
G 6
H 1
J 18
Answers
To solve this problem, we need to use the principles of Mendelian genetics and Punnett squares. The answer is G) 6.
First, we need to determine the possible gametes (sperm and egg cells) that each parent can produce based on their genotype:
Parent 1: TtBb
Possible gametes: TB, Tb, tB, tb
Parent 2: TtBb
Possible gametes: TB, Tb, tB, tb
To determine the possible genotypes of the offspring, we can use a Punnett square:
| | TB | Tb | tB | tb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TB | TTBB | TTBb | TtBB | TtBb |
| Tb | TTBb | TTbb | TtBb | Ttbb |
| tB | TtBB | TtBb | ttBB | ttBb |
| tb | TtBb | ttbb | ttBb | ttbb |
From this Punnett square, we can see that there are 9 possible genotypes:
- TTBB, TTBb, TtBB, TtBb (tall with brown eyes)
- Ttbb, ttBb, ttbb (short with green eyes)
- TtBB, TtBb (tall with green eyes)
To determine how many offspring will likely be short with green eyes, we need to look at the specific combination of alleles that result in this phenotype: ttbb or ttBb.
From the Punnett square, we can see that there are 4 offspring with the ttbb genotype (2 from the Ttbb box and 2 from the ttbb box). There are also 2 offspring with the ttBb genotype (from the ttBb box). Therefore, a total of 6 offspring (4 ttbb and 2 ttBb) are likely to be short with green eyes.
The answer is G) 6.
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