A distillation column with a partial reboiler and a total condenser is being used to separate a mixture of benzene, toluene, and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene. The feed, 40 mol% benzene, 30 mol% toluene, and 30 mol% 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, enters the column as a saturated vapor. We desire 95% recovery of the toluene in the distillate and 95% of the 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene in the bottoms. The reflux is returned as a saturated liquid, and constant molar overflow can be assumed. The column operates at a pressure of 1 atm. Find the number of equilibrium stages required at total reflux, and the recovery fraction of benzene in the distillate. Solutions of benzene, toluene, and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene are ideal.
Answer:
11.8.4 Distillation Columns
Distillation columns present a hazard in that they contain large inventories of flammable boiling liquid, usually under pressure. There are a number of situations which may lead to loss of containment of this liquid.
The conditions of operation of the equipment associated with the distillation column, particularly the reboiler and bottoms pump, are severe, so that failure is more probable.
The reduction of hazard in distillation columns by the limitation of inventory has been discussed above. A distillation column has a large input of heat at the reboiler and a large output at the condenser. If cooling at the condenser is lost, the column may suffer overpressure. It is necessary to protect against this by higher pressure design, relief valves, or HIPS. On the other hand, loss of steam at the reboiler can cause underpressure in the column. On columns operating at or near atmospheric pressure, full vacuum design, vacuum breakers, or inert gas injection is needed for protection. Deposition of flammable materials on packing surfaces has led to many fires on opening of distillation column for maintenance.
Another hazard is overpressure due to heat radiation from fire. Again pressure relief devices are required to provide protection.
The protection of distillation columns is one of the topics treated in detail in codes for pressure relief such as APIRP 521. Likewise, it is one of the principal applications of trip systems.
Another quite different hazard in a distillation column is the ingress of water. The rapid expansion of the water as it flashes to steam can create very damaging overpressures.
Can someone help me please
Answer:
4) x = 4Explanation:
Using Intersecting Chords Theorem,
AB × CB = BE × BD
( 4x + 2) × 8 = 9 × ( 4x ) 32x + 16 = 36x16 = 36x -32x (Subtract)16 = 4x (Divide both sides by 4)x = 16/ 4 (Divide)x = 4--------------------------Based on these images, what can you conclude about the organisms?
The process of embryonic development is the process by which the fetus of an organism is developed.
What is embryonic development ?The process of embryonic development is the process by which the fetus of an organism is developed.
We know that all vertebrates are the same at the embryonic stage as shown in the image. Hence the following statements are true;
They have similarities in their embryonic stages that don’t exist in their adult formsThey all contain a backbone, or spinal columnMissing parts
Based on these images, what can you conclude about the organisms?
1)They’re a mixture of vertebrates and invertebrates.
2)They have similarities in their embryonic stages that don’t exist in their adult forms.
3)They all undergo metamorphosis.
4)They all contain a backbone, or spinal column.
5)They’re the same species of organism.
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A student placed equal-sized potato cubes in two different beakers containing either distilled (pure) water or a concentrated sugar solution. The experiment is shown in Figure 2.
Explain
what would happen to the mass of the potato cube after being placed in distilled (pure) water
Please help me
When the potato is put into the distilled water, it will absorb the water. The water is trying to dilute the salt inside the potato.
What is the meaning of concentrated?
The concentration of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution.
When the potato is put into the distilled water, it will absorb the water. The water is trying to dilute the salt inside the potato.
Since potatoes already contain sugar, less water will diffuse out of the potato placed in sugar water. The slice placed in water will be rigid since it will absorb water.
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229.2 g of tin was heated from 46.3 to 115.7°C. How much energy was used to heat tin? (Specific heat capacity of Sn is 0.222 J/g x °C)
3531.23 J is the energy used to heat tin when 229.2 g of tin was heated from 46.3 to 115.7°C.
What is specific heat capacity?The specific heat capacity is defined as the quantity of heat (J) absorbed per unit mass (kg) of the material when its temperature increases by 1 K (or 1 °C), and its units are J/(kg K) or J/(kg °C).
Q=mcΔT
Give data:
m=229.2 g
c=0.222 J/g x °C
ΔT=115.7°C - 46.3°C
ΔT= 69.4 °C
Putting value in the equation:
Q=mcΔT
Q=229.2 g x 0.222 J/g°C x 69.4 °C
Q= 3531.23 J
Hence, 3531.23 J is the energy used to heat tin.
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Zac releases the air from a balloon. Which statement best describes what will happen to the air that was inside the
balloon?
O It will become more compacted.
O will remain the shape of the balloon but not the size.
O It will remain the size of the balloon but not the shape.
It will expand to fill the room.
Answer: It will expand to fill the room.
Explanation:
Gases will expand or compact to fill the available space.
Based on our consumption of fossil fuels today, what can be predicted will eventually occur? Select all that apply
Based on consumption of fossil fuels today, It can be predicted Fossil Fuels will eventually be used up and a new energy developed to supply energy needs of the world.
What are fossil fuels ?Fossil fuels are made from decomposing plants and animals.
These fuels are found in the Earth's crust and contain carbon and hydrogen, which can be burned for energy.
Coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels.
Above given fossil fuels are expected to be used up and a new energy developed to supply energy needs of the world.
Therefore, Based on consumption of fossil fuels today, It can be predicted Fossil Fuels will eventually be used up and a new energy developed to supply energy needs of the world.
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What is the mass of 0.20 mole of glucose C6H12O6?
a. 230 g
b. 36 g
c. 23 g
d. 4.6 g
Answer:
answer will be b
Explanation:
mole is given 0.20
you have to find mass so just convert it into mass
remember if you move away from mole you multiply and if you move towards mole you divide so
just multiply mole with molar mass of glucose
so
0.20×180 = 36 grams
simple keep learning.......
How many moles of hydrogen atoms are contained in one mole of[tex]C_{6}H_{12}[/tex]?
The number of moles of hydrogen atoms contained in 1 mole of c6h12 is 12.
What is hydrogen made of?Hydrogen can be produced from various domestic resources such as fossil fuels, biomass, and the electrolysis of water by electricity. The environmental sustainability and energy efficiency of hydrogen depends on how hydrogen is produced.
Hydrogen is the simplest element. Each hydrogen atom has only one proton. Hydrogen is also the most abundant element in the universe. Stars like the Sun are mainly made of hydrogen. The sun is essentially a giant sphere of hydrogen and helium gas.
Some facts about hydrogen:
Hydrogen is the most abundant element on earth. Hydrogen is an alternative fuel with a very high energy content by weight.The fuel cell can be used to power multiple applications.Fuel cells are a clean way to generate electricity.Fuel cell vehicles are very similar to traditional gasoline vehicles
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during chemical reactions do atoms get destroyed?
No. Atoms do not get destroyed during reactions.
Law of conservation of matterAccording to the law of conservation of matter, matters can not be created nor destroyed in any way. Be it during reactions or otherwise.
However, matters can be converted from one form to another during reactions.
Atoms are a form of matter, and thus, cannot be destroyed during reactions.
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Given that 0.40 mols of NaCl was dissolved in water to create a
0.250 m solution, what is the mass of water in grams?. g
can y'all please help me with this
Answer:
C=8,H=8 and O =3
Explanation:
As the formula is given.
Silver has the density of 9.32 g/cm^3. Find the length of one side of a 184 g silver cube. Assume now that the silver cube above was melted and reshaped into a sphere. Find the sphere’s diameter
Pls someone smart complete the matching
i hope someone can help me here please don't answer nonsense
Answer:
4560 torr
Explanation:
PV = K
4 x 1.5 = k
k = 6
V = k / p
V = 6 / 1
V = 6
atm to torr = 1 to 760
760 x 6 = 4560
Answer:
4560 Torr
Explanation:
Boyle's Law
[tex]\sf P_1 \cdot V_1=P_2 \cdot V_2[/tex]
where:
[tex]\sf V_1[/tex] = initial volume[tex]\sf V_2[/tex] = final volume[tex]\sf P_1[/tex] = initial pressure[tex]\sf P_2[/tex] = final pressureGiven:
[tex]\sf V_1[/tex] = 4 L[tex]\sf V_2[/tex] = 1 L[tex]\sf P_1[/tex] = 1.5 atmSubstituting the given values into the formula:
[tex]\implies \sf 1.5 \cdot 4=P_2 \cdot 1[/tex]
[tex]\implies \sf P_2=6\:atm[/tex]
To convert atm to Torr, multiply atm by 760:
[tex]\implies \sf P_2=6\cdot 760=4560\:Torr[/tex]
What's the answer to this question? pls find it asap now
Answer:
B. Mixing a few teaspoons of salt into the water
Explanation:
Pure water doesn't contain any ions, therefore it cannot conduct electricity. Adding salt (NaCl) to the water causes the salt to ionize into Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions, and the movement of the ions completes the circuit, causing the bulb to glow.
explain why nickel has a high density.
Density Of A Nickel:-
8.902 (25°C)
Explanation of why does nickel have a high density:-
Nickel is the only element named after the devil. The name comes from the German word Kupfernickel, meaning "Old Nick's copper," a term used by German miners. They tried to remove copper from an ore that looked like copper ore, but they were unsuccessful. ... Nickel is also used in the manufacture of many other alloys.
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What is the molar concentration of
a solution that contains
5.0 mol HCl in a total volume
of 10.0 L?
Answer:
0.5
Explanation:
5/10=0.5
Determine the quantity of each atom in a compound
1. CaCO3
2.3 BaF2
3.4 H₂PO4
4. Sr(OH)₂
5. 3 Al2(Cr₂O7)3
Willing to give Anyone 17+ points to anyone who can help with this. Barium can form ions with a +2 charge. Is it a cation or an anion?
Barium can form ions with a +2 charge and it is called a cation.
Ex:- Ba(s)+2HCl(aq)→BaCl2(aq)+H2(g)
In this redox reaction,
initially, barium shows 0 (s) oxidation no. and after forming the product its oxidation no. changes to +2 (in aq).
When a metal loses electrons and a nonmetal gets those electrons, cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions) are created.
Ionic bonds are created when a metal and a nonmetal interact. The position of an element on the periodic table can frequently tell you what charge an ion generally carries:the alkali metals (the IA elements) lose a single electron and form a 1+ charge. the alkaline earth metals (IIA elements) lose two electrons and form a 2+ cation.IIIA family member aluminum loses three electrons to become a 3+ cation.Seven valence electrons are shared by all of the halogens (VIIA elements) and each of them has a single negative charge, forming an anion.The VIA elements pick up two electrons to create 2- charged anions.The VA elements pick up three extra electrons to create 3- charged anions.To know more about elements of the periodic table refer to:-
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In the nebular hypothesis, why did the nebula start to collapse?
1. List two features of the solar system that provide clues about its formation.
2. In the nebular hypothesis, why did the nebula start to collapse?
3. Describe how the sun formed, according to the nebular hypothesis.
4. How does the nebular hypothesis account for the formation of planets?
5. Based on the nebular hypothesis, why are the inner planets denser than the outer planets?
1.Four major features provide clues:
(1) The Sun, planets, and large moons generally rotate and orbit in a very organized way.
(2) With the exception of Pluto, the planets divide clearly into two groups: terrestrial and jovian.
(3) The solar system contains huge numbers of asteroids and comets.
(4) There are some notable exceptions to these general patterns.
2. Gravity causes the early solar nebula to collapse. The solar nebula flattens and warms at its core as it revolves. Within the spinning disk, planetesimals (early planets) begin to form.
3. Because the center of the revolving disk had the least amount of centripetal force, the majority of the mass from the nebula cloud was drawn to it by gravity. The majority of the material was hydrogen gas that was subjected to extreme pressure, which heated it to a critical point, causing it to fuse with another hydrogen atom, resulting in the formation of helium and the birth of the sun.
4. Nebular Theory: argues that when the Sun formed in the nebula, it created planets, asteroids, and other bodies from a spinning disk of materials known as the accretion disk. Almost all revolve in the same direction on their axes. Venus and Uranus are moving backwards on their axes.
5. In the inner solar nebula, only dense materials could condense. The Jovian planets are really denser than the terrestrial planets. Gravity compresses terrestrial planets to a greater extent, causing them to become denser. The gravity of the Sun drew dense materials into the inner solar system.
The nebular hypothesis has been given to states about the spinning dust cloud. The nebula started collapsing due to the force of gravity. It was formed by the rotation of the planets and celestial bodies.
What is a nebular hypothesis?The nebular hypothesis was to give the idea about the origin of the solar system based on dust and gases. According to the nebular hypothesis, the nebula started to collapse due to the force of gravity and the shock of the explosion from the Supernova.
The movement and rotation of the planets in orbits, revolutions, and motions suggest that the formation of the nebula along with asteroids and comets is the reason for its formation.
According to the hypothesis, the Sun was formed by the collapse of the heavy helium and hydrogen clouds that resulted in an increase in the temperature at the core and started to increase its temperature even more.
The hypothesis also accounts for the formation of the planets as the formation of the Sun and rotating dust and gases resulted in a rotating solar system that contained planets in it that was first released as planetesimals. The inner planets are denser compared to the outer planets because of the gravitation force.
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Ripening is a _______________ and spoiling is a ______________.
A. Chemical reaction, chemical reaction.
B. Physical reaction, chemical reaction.
C. Physical reaction, physical reaction.
D. Chemical reaction, physical reaction.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The answer to this question is A. Both ripening and spoiling are chemical reactions.
Spoiling is a chemical reaction because spoiled food has bad smell and taste and it changes colour too.
Ripening of fruits is a chemical change. For example the colour could change as well as the texture.
Answer:
option a) chemical reaction, chemical reaction.
Explanation:
Changes in which new substances with different properties are formed are called chemical changes. Cooking of food, burning of substances are chemical changes as entirely new substances are formed. Burning of a candle wax releases carbon dioxide and water vapour (new substances). in here ripening and spoiling is a change that cannot be reversed which makes it a chemical change.
Ca is an atom. Why?
Help me asap pleased
Answer:
It has protons, neutrons and electrons
1
2
3
4
5
6 7 8 9 10
If the density and volume of an object is known, what can also be found?
the mass of the object
O the shape of the object
the size of the object
the thickness of the object
what are the 3 common gases that give off reactions?
The 3 common gases that give off reactions are Hydrogen sulfide, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides.
What are off reactions
Off reactions are defined as chemical reactions that occurs when something burns or during combustion of materials which gives off energy.
Some gases that give off reaction are:
Hydrogen sulfideCarbon monoxideNitrogen oxidesNote that these gases are mostly poisonous.
Therefore, the 3 common gases that give off reactions are Hydrogen sulfide, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides.
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A(n) ________ is a dynamic sub-organization that can be created and eliminated depending on need
A(n) Business Unit is a dynamic sub-organization that can be created and eliminated depending on need.
What is Business Unit?Business unit is when the company wants its sales in a segmented way. This market offer, or it can be, for example, business area, segment line, market performance cases.
This strategy consists of the form adopted by many companies that divide their activities into independent business units, with different results, strategies and managers.
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Give some examples of what are sand good for explaining is involved!
Explanation:
The definition of a god is an image, person or thing that is worshiped, honored or believed to be all-powerful or the creator and ruler of the universe. An example of a god is Ganesha, a Hindu diety.
in an electron configuration code, superscripts placed on a sublevel indicate the number of ?
N₂ + 3H2 → 2NH3
224 L of nitrogen reacts with
excess hydrogen at 2773 K and
95 atm, using up 93.5 mol N2.
How many moles of ammonia
form?
Answer:
187 moles NH₃
Explanation:
To find the amount of ammonia formed, you need to multiply the given value by the mole-to-mole ratio consisting of both relevant molecules. The mole-to-mole ratio is made up of the molecules' coefficients in the balanced equation. The desired unit should be placed in the numerator of the ratio. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to reflect the lowest amount of sig figs among the given values.
1 N₂ + 3 H₂ ----> 2 NH₃
^ ^
93.5 moles N₂ 2 moles NH₃
---------------------- x ------------------------- = 187 moles NH₃
1 mole N₂
NiSe2 + Ca3(PO4)2 = Ni3(PO4)2 + CaSe
balance please
