Answer:
11.8.4 Distillation Columns
Distillation columns present a hazard in that they contain large inventories of flammable boiling liquid, usually under pressure. There are a number of situations which may lead to loss of containment of this liquid.
The conditions of operation of the equipment associated with the distillation column, particularly the reboiler and bottoms pump, are severe, so that failure is more probable.
The reduction of hazard in distillation columns by the limitation of inventory has been discussed above. A distillation column has a large input of heat at the reboiler and a large output at the condenser. If cooling at the condenser is lost, the column may suffer overpressure. It is necessary to protect against this by higher pressure design, relief valves, or HIPS. On the other hand, loss of steam at the reboiler can cause underpressure in the column. On columns operating at or near atmospheric pressure, full vacuum design, vacuum breakers, or inert gas injection is needed for protection. Deposition of flammable materials on packing surfaces has led to many fires on opening of distillation column for maintenance.
Another hazard is overpressure due to heat radiation from fire. Again pressure relief devices are required to provide protection.
The protection of distillation columns is one of the topics treated in detail in codes for pressure relief such as APIRP 521. Likewise, it is one of the principal applications of trip systems.
Another quite different hazard in a distillation column is the ingress of water. The rapid expansion of the water as it flashes to steam can create very damaging overpressures.
What did people use for energy before fossil fuel and electrical power energy was harnessed?
They used whale oil and steam power to run machines.
Humans had only their own muscles and a knowledge of levers and pulleys for power.
Humans burned wood to power their machines.
Humans used muscle power and direct wind and water power.
Before the occurance of Fossil fuel, our energy needs were modest. For heat, we relied on the sun—and burned wood, straw, and dried dung For transportation, the muscle of horses and the power of the wind in our sails took us to every corner of the world.
What is Fossil Fuel ?Fossil fuels are made from decomposing plants and animals.
These fuels are found in the Earth's crust and contain carbon and hydrogen, which can be burned for energy.
Coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels.
Hence, Before the occurance of Fossil fuel, our energy needs were modest. For heat, we relied on the sun—and burned wood, straw, and dried dung For transportation, the muscle of horses and the power of the wind in our sails took us to every corner of the world.
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Answer:
B is the answer.
Explanation:
sry if wrong :D
There are 6.02 x 10^23 formula units Na2O in a sample. How many grams of Na2O is this? The molar mass of Na2O is about 62 g/mol.
Answer:
= 62g
Explanation:
We have been asked to find the mass of Na2O having 6.02 x 10^23 units.
We know that one mole of a substance contains 6.02 x10^23 units/particles.
That means we have one mole of Na2O.
To find the mass of Na2O we use the formula,
mass = number of moles x formula mass
= 1 mole x 62g/mol
= 62g
Therefore the mass of Na2O with 6.02 x 10^23 units is 62g.
7 on the pH scale represents what?
Answer:
seven on the ph scale is the neutral point
Explanation:
The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water.
Which word equation shows Hydrogen reacting with oxygen to form water
Answer:
H + 02 = H2O
Explanation:
some one please help me
Answer:
measure their densities
How many grams of methane,
CH4, are produced from the
complete reaction of 5.15 moles
of carbon monoxide, CO?
CO+ 3H₂ → H₂O + CH4
[? ] g CH4
Answer:
82.606g
Explanation:
[tex]5.15mol CO* \frac{1 mol CO}{1 mol CH4} *\frac{16.04 g CH4}{1 mol CH4} =82.606g CH4[/tex]
Which are the two major greenhouse gases?
OA. CO₂ and CH4
OB. 0₂ and H₂0
OC. CH₂0 and CO
OD. NO and NO₂2
Answer:
A. CO2 and CH4
The two major greenhouse gases are CO₂ and CH₄ and the correct option is option A.
What are Greenhouse Gases?Greenhouse gases are gases in Earth’s atmosphere that trap heat. They let sunlight pass through the atmosphere, but they prevent the heat that the sunlight brings from leaving the atmosphere.
These gases have the property of absorbing infrared radiation (net heat energy) emitted from Earth’s surface and reradiating it back to Earth’s surface, thus contributing to the greenhouse effect.
Each of these gases can remain in the atmosphere for different amounts of time, ranging from a few years to thousands of years.
Examples of greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour.
Therefore, the two major greenhouse gases are CO₂ and CH₄ and the correct option is option A.
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The sentences below are things people might say if they were planning to invest or not planning to invest Sort them into the correct categories . am thinking about buying stocks Planning to Invest Not Planning to Invest don't know much about investing can't afford to buy stocks don't really like to take risks need a way to manage my money want to save money for my future
Investing :
"I'm considering investing in equities."
"I need a system for handling my finances."
"I need to put money away for the future."
No Investment :
"My knowledge of investment is limited."
"I am unable to purchase stocks."
"I don't particularly enjoy taking chances."
Explanation:
These are accurate because I recently completed the course that taught me these things.
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Two persons are not equally strong. One is weaker than another. They are going to carry a wooden coat poole Suggest them the w a way to cargy. a wooden pole. In such a way stronger person needs to apple-apply more effort and the weakes person need to apply less force. Explain with scientific reason.
Answer:
The two men can arrange a position such as the center of gravity must be nearer the stronger man and the weaker man must be away from the center of gravity of the wooden pole.
In plain language, the stronger man must be near the center while the weaker man must be away from the center of the wooden pole.
Explanation:
I am sachhyam lama
from nepal
my teacher wrote this answer thats why I wrote the answer
What is a spring tide? When and why does it occur?
A spring tide occurs when there is a new or full moon in the solar system.
What is Spring tide?This is the type of tide which occurs when the sun, moon and earth are in line and occurs between three to four times per year.
Lunar and solar tides also line up and reinforce each other to produce this type of tide.
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how power station that produce electricity affect our environment what can we do to minimize these harmful effects?
Answer:
they help becuz they dont use any extra power and the are reneable
if the same amount of heat is added to 50.0 g samples of each of the metals, which are all at the same temperature, which metal will reach the highest temperature?
The metal which will reach the highest temperature is the metal with the lowest specific heat capacity.
What is the amount of heat added to each metal?The amount of heat Q = mcΔT where
m = mass of metalc = specific heat capacity of mateal and ΔT = temperature changeTemperature change of the metalMaking ΔT subject of the formula, we have
ΔT = Q/mc
Given that Q and m are the same for each metal,
ΔT ∝ 1/c
We see that the temperature change is inversely proportional to the specific heat capacity.
Since the metals are at the same temperature, the metal which will reach the highest temperature is the metal with the lowest specific heat capacity.
So, the metal which will reach the highest temperature is the metal with the lowest specific heat capacity.
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In desperate need of help!!!!!!!
Answer:
The answer will be false.
Explanation:
because it is not balanced.
Arrange these elements into a table showing metals and non-metals: phosphorus, P, barium, Ba, vanadium, V. mercury, Hg, krypton, Kr, potassium, K, and uranium, U.
...,...................................
which experimental technique was most likely used by the students to determine the rate of reaction?
The students can determine the rate of reaction by measuring change in concentration of reactant or product with time.
What is rate of reaction?The rate of a reaction is the rate at which reactant molecules are used up or the rate at which product molecules are formed.
The rate of a reaction can be determined by measuring the change in concentration of the reactant at each given time in a reaction.
The rate of reaction can be also be determined by measuring the change in concentration of the product at each given time in a reaction.
Therefore, the students can determine the rate of reaction by measuring change in concentration of reactant or product with time.
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what happens when you mix an element into a solution with lesser reaction?
When an element is placed into a solution with lesser reaction, the reaction rate will be slow.
What is rate of a reaction?The rate of a reaction is the rate which reactants molecules are converted or the products molecules are formed.
The rate of a reaction increases with increase in concentration of the reactants and decreases with decrease in concentration.
Therefore, when an element such as a metal is placed in solution of low concentration such as very dilute acid, the reaction rate will be slow.
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●
As a solution becomes more basic or alkaline, how does it affect the concentration of
H3O* and OH ions?
What is the volume in L of a 0.825 mole sample of Ar at 600 mm Hg and 300 K? Report your answer to the nearest tenth of a L. (Moodle is looking for a number only, no units.)
The volume is 2.608L
Given the value of n is 0.825 mole , pressure is 600mm = 0.789bar and Temperature = 300K
We need to calculate the volume in L
As we know the values of number of moles , pressure and Temperature is given
So , to calculate the volume we will use the ideal gas law
The equation of state for a fictitious perfect gas is known as the ideal gas law, sometimes known as the generic gas equation. Although it has several restrictions, it is a decent approximation of the behavior of numerous gases under various circumstances.
Ideal gas law formula
PV = nRT
0.789*V = 0.825*8.3143*300
V = 0.825*8.314*300/0.789
V = 2.608*10^3
V = 2.608 L
Hence the Volume is 2.608 L
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The products of __________ combustion are carbon monoxide, carbon and water. what one word completes this sentence?
Answer:
Complete combustion
Explanation:
To solve such this we must know the concept of combustion reaction. Therefore the products of complete combustion are carbon monoxide, carbon and water.
What is chemical reaction?Chemical reaction is a process in which two or more than two molecules collide in right orientation and energy to form a new chemical compound. The mass of the overall reaction should be conserved.
There are so many types of chemical reaction reaction like combustion reaction, acid base reaction, double displacement reaction, combustion reactions. The products of complete combustion are carbon monoxide, carbon and water. Large amount of heat is also released in combustion reaction
Therefore the products of complete combustion are carbon monoxide, carbon and water.
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How many moles of fluorine atoms are in a sample of fluorine that contains 7.45 x 10^24 fluorine atoms? (Report your answer to one place past the decimal point.
Based on the calculations, the number of moles of fluorine atoms present is equal to 12.4 moles.
How to calculate the moles of fluorine atoms?In order to determine the number of moles of fluorine atoms, we would calculate the number of atoms in 1 mole of an fluorine atoms in accordance with Avogadro's constant.
1 mole of fluorine atom = 6.02 × 10²³ molecules
X moles of fluorine atom = 7.45 × 10²⁴ molecules
Cross-multiplying, we have:
X = 7.45 × 10²⁴/6.02 × 10²³
X = 12.4 moles.
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As you know, liquid hydrazine (N2H4) can be used as a rocket fuel. A rocket you designed has a total of 1.35E5 g of hydrazine when it loses power just beyond the atmosphere of Earth. It is on the dark side of the Earth at the time, and the external temperature is 116 K. By the time you notice, the internal temperature of the rocket (and the rocket fuel) has also reached 116 K. How much heat must be applied (in J) to the fuel to warm it back to its operating temperature of 298 K
The heat required to warm the fuel back to it's operating temperature is 3.83×10⁷ J
Data obtained from the question Mass (M) = 1.35×10⁵ g = 1.35×10⁵ / 1000 = 135 KgInitial temperature (T₁) = 116 KFinal temperature (T₂) = 298 KSpecific heat capacity (C) = 1559.45 J/KgK Heat (Q) =?How to determine the heat requiredThe heat required to warm the fuel can be obtained as follow:
Q = MC(T₂ – T₁)
Q = 135 × 1559.45 × (298 – 116)
Q = 135 × 1559.45 × 182
Q = 3.83×10⁷ J
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What is the optimum pH of formic acid-formate buffer? (The pK, of formic acid is 3.75.)
1.875
3.75
5.625
7.50
The optimum pH of formic acid - formate buffer is 3.75
What is Buffer ?
A substance or a solution which resists any changes in pH, when acid or alkali is added to it.
pH = pKa + log[base] / [acid]
Considering equimolar concentration of acid and base
pH = 3.75 + log(x)/(x)
pH = 3.75 + log (1)
pH = 3.75 + 0
pH = 3.75
Hence,
The optimum pH of formic acid - formate buffer is 3.75
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what's the geometry of sp³ hybridization ~
Answer:
For sp3 hybridized central atoms the only possible molecular geometry is tetrahedral.
A sample of carbon dioxide gas occupies a volume of 250 mL at 25c what volume will it occupy at 95c
Considering the Charles's law, the sample of carbon dioxide gas will occupy 308.72 mL.
Charles's lawCharles's law establishes the relationship between the temperature and the volume of a gas when the pressure is constant. This law says that the volume is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas: for a given sum of gas at constant pressure, as the temperature increases, the volume of the gas increases and as the temperature decreases, the volume of the gas decreases.
Mathematically, Charles's law states that the ratio between volume and temperature will always have the same value:
[tex]\frac{V}{T} =k[/tex]
Considering an initial state 1 and a final state 2, it is fulfilled:
[tex]\frac{V1}{T1} =\frac{V2}{T2}[/tex]
Final volume in this caseIn this case, you know:
V1= 250 mLT1= 25 C= 298 K (being 0 C=273 K)V2= ?T2= 95 C= 368 KReplacing in Charles's law:
[tex]\frac{250 mL}{298 K} =\frac{V2}{368 K}[/tex]
Solving:
[tex]V2=368 K\frac{250 mL}{298 K}[/tex]
V2= 308.72 mL
Finally, the sample of carbon dioxide gas will occupy 308.72 mL.
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Answer:
310mL
Explanation:
A sample of carbon dioxide gas occupies a volume of 250 mL at 25°C. What volume will it occupy at 95°C?
Use the formula:
V1
T1
=
V2
T2
Temperature conversion: __°C + 273 K
There are 4.9875 mol C, 7.9802 mol H,
and 2.00 mol O in the sample.
Divide each by the smallest number of
moles. What is the ratio for the C?
[?] C [ ]H[ ]0
Answer:
So, in 1 mol there are 6.02x10^23 atoms, regardless of the susbtance, only the weight of the mol changes. Doing a simple rule of 3 we can get many of the answers to your questions.
Explanation:
1mol of Ar → 6.02x10^23 atoms
0.25 mol → X
So now what we do is (0.25mol * 6.02x10^23 atoms)/1 mol = X
That gives us 1.505x10^23 atoms in 0.25 mol of Ar.
For this I'm guessing you mean the stable form of oxygen, O2. The Avogadro constant stays well, constant.
1 mol of O2 → 6.02x10^23 molecules
1.0×10^-4 mol of O2 → X molecules
So you can do (1.0×10^-4 * 6.02x10^23) / 1mol = X
(I feel like this is homework, so i will help you, but not give you all the answer, will be good practice to try yourself) :)
For this you need to know the weight of a mol of Be. Luckily the periodic table gives us that number. The number under each element is the weight in grams of 1 mol .
Answer:
C- 2.48925 H- 3.9901 O- 1
Explanation:
Read the instructions
Perform the following calculations and report each answer with the correct number of significant figures.
62.1 x 37
Answer:
19-73 19-73 70-65-46 71-76-63 25-46-79
The energy produced by the snack in an experiment is calculated to be 41,800 J/g. What is the energy of the snack in Calories/
gram?
snack energy = [?] Cal/g or kcal/g
remember there are 4.18J per 1 calorie
The energy of the snack in calories per gram is 9983.3 Calories/gram.
What is the energy of a snack?The energy that is contained in a snack is obtained from a calorimeter when the snack is burnt in a calorimeter. The mass of the snack that is burnt is measured in terms of energy output of the calorimeter.
If 1 calorie = 4.18J
x calorie = 41,800 J
x = 41,800 J * 1 calorie/4.18J
x = 9983.3 Calories/gram
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When 4 mol of glucose is fermented, a mass of 55.2 g of ethanol is produced. Show that the percentage yield of ethanol is 15%
(Mr of C2H5OH = 45)
Theoretical yield =0.15 g
% yield = 15%
reaction
C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
from above reaction, we get to know that,
1 mole of glucose → 2 mole ethanol
for 4 mole of glucose → 8 mole of ethanol
\frac{55.2}{8(46)} = yield of ethanol
yield of ethanol = 0.15g
% yield = (experimental/theoretical )*100
% yield of ethanol = 0.15 x 100 =15%
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Why is aluminum considered a nonrenewable resource?
What is the color of bromcresol green indicator in a solution with a ph value of 2. 0?.
Answer:
yellow
Explanation:
