Both variable resistors and PWM can be used to: control the speed of a DC motor, with the former offering simplicity and the latter providing higher efficiency.
The speed of a DC motor increases with increasing current through the armature coil. There are two ways to change the current supplied to the motor: (1) using a variable resistor (potentiometer) and (2) employing pulse width modulation (PWM).
1) Variable Resistor (Potentiometer): This method works by adjusting the resistance in the circuit, which controls the current flowing through the motor. By changing the resistance, you can change the current and hence, the motor speed. One advantage of this method is its simplicity and ease of use. A disadvantage, however, is that it can be inefficient, as some energy is lost as heat in the resistor.
2) Pulse Width Modulation (PWM): This method works by switching the supply voltage on and off at a specific frequency, thus creating pulses with varying widths. The average voltage applied to the motor is controlled by adjusting the pulse width, which in turn, controls the motor speed. One advantage of PWM is its efficiency, as there is minimal energy loss in the process. A disadvantage, though, is that it can generate electrical noise and requires more complex circuitry.
In summary, both variable resistors and PWM can be used to control the speed of a DC motor, with the former offering simplicity and the latter providing higher efficiency.
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A harmonic wave travels in a wire with
amplitude 3. 66 mm, wavelength 2. 17 m, and
frequency 615 Hz.
What is the speed with which the wave
travels?
Answer in units of m/s.
The speed with which the wave travels in the wire is 1333.55 m/s.
The speed with which a harmonic wave travels in a wire can be determined using the equation:
v = λf
where v is the speed of the wave, λ is the wavelength, and f is the frequency.
Substituting the given values, we get:
v = 2.17m * 615Hz
v = 1333.55 m/s
It's worth noting that the amplitude of the wave, which is given as 3.66mm, does not affect the speed of the wave.
The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its rest position,
whereas the speed of the wave is determined by the properties of the medium through which it travels, such as its density and elasticity.
Harmonic waves are common in many physical systems, such as sound waves in air and electromagnetic waves in space.
Understanding the properties and behavior of waves is important in many areas of science and technology, from acoustics and optics to communications and signal processing.
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A body moves in circle with increasing angular velocity at time t = 6sec the angular velocity is 27 rad/s what is the radius of circle made by the body where linear velocity is 81 cm/s?
With increasing angular velocity at time t = 6sec the angular velocity is 27 rad/s, the radius of circle made by the body where linear velocity is 81 cm/s is: 3 cm
To find the radius of the circle made by the body with a linear velocity of 81 cm/s and an angular velocity of 27 rad/s at time t = 6 seconds, we can use the relationship between linear velocity (v) and angular velocity (ω) in circular motion. This relationship is given by the formula:
v = ω * r
where r is the radius of the circle.
We are given the linear velocity (v = 81 cm/s) and the angular velocity (ω = 27 rad/s). We can now rearrange the formula to solve for the radius (r):
r = v / ω
Substitute the given values:
r = 81 cm/s / 27 rad/s
r = 3 cm
Therefore, the radius of the circle made by the body is 3 cm.
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galileo used an inclined plane to slow down the falling motion so that he could measure the acceleration due to gravity. what was his rationale for using the inclined plane?multiple choice question.along an inclined plane, the falling object moves with a constant speed.along an inclined plane, only part of gravity acts on the object in its direction of motion.along an inclined plane, gravity has no effect on the falling object.
The rationale for Galileo using an inclined plane was that along an inclined plane, only part of gravity acts on the object in its direction of motion. Option 1 is correct.
Galileo's use of an inclined plane was an important contribution to the study of physics, as it allowed for the accurate measurement of the acceleration due to gravity. Prior to this, there was little understanding of the laws governing the motion of objects, and many misconceptions existed.
By carefully measuring the motion of falling objects along an inclined plane, Galileo was able to demonstrate that the acceleration due to gravity was constant, regardless of the weight or shape of the object. This was a major breakthrough in the understanding of physics and laid the foundation for further study in this field. Option 1 is correct.
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A student measures the maximum speed of a block undergoing simple harmonic oscillations of amplitude a on the end of an ideal spring. if the block is replaced by one with twice its mass but the amplitude of its oscillations remains the same, then the maximum speed of the block will
When the block is replaced by one with twice its mass but the amplitude of its oscillations remains the same, the maximum speed of the block will decrease.
The maximum speed of a block undergoing simple harmonic oscillations depends on the amplitude and mass of the block. According to the equation for simple harmonic motion, the maximum speed (v_max) of an object is given by:
v_max = ω * A
where ω represents the angular frequency and A represents the amplitude of oscillation.
In the case described, the student measures the maximum speed of a block with a certain amplitude, A. Now, if the block is replaced by one with twice its mass (2m) while keeping the amplitude of oscillation (A) the same, we need to consider the effect of mass on the angular frequency.
The angular frequency (ω) of an object undergoing simple harmonic motion is given by:
ω = √(k / m)
where k represents the spring constant and m represents the mass of the block.
Since the spring constant (k) remains constant and the mass (m) doubles, the angular frequency (ω) will decrease.
Now, let's analyze the effect on the maximum speed. As the angular frequency decreases and the amplitude (A) remains the same, the maximum speed (v_max) will also decrease.
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A capillary tube 2mm in diameter is immersed in a beaker a
ercury. The mecury level inside the tube is found to be ose
on the level of the resenon- Determine the contact angre bet
the mecury and the glass (Tm = 0. 4 Nlm, Pm= 13. 6x1
Soln
The contact angle between the mercury and the glass is 32.2 degrees. In the case of a glass capillary of diameter nil, the contact angle would depend on the specific glass material and its surface properties.
To determine the contact angle between the mercury and the glass, we can use the Young-Laplace equation:
[tex]\Delta P = Tm(1/R1 + 1/R2)cos\theta[/tex]
where ΔP is the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the capillary, Tm is the surface tension of mercury, R1 and R2 are the radii of curvature of the mercury meniscus at the top and bottom of the capillary, respectively, and θ is the contact angle.
Assuming that the mercury meniscus is approximately spherical at the top and bottom of the capillary, we can use R1 = R2 = r, where r is the radius of the capillary. Then, the equation becomes:
[tex]\Delta P = 2Tm/r cos\theta[/tex]
We know that the height of the mercury inside the capillary is 0.5 cm, or 0.005 m. The pressure difference between the inside and outside of the capillary is due to the weight of the mercury column inside the capillary:
[tex]\Delta P = \rho gh = (13.6 \times 10^3\;kg/m^3)(9.81 m/s^2)(0.005\;m)[/tex]
[tex]\Delta P = 0.669 N/m^2[/tex]
Substituting the values into the equation, we get:
[tex]0.669 = 2(0.4)/0.002 \;cos\theta[/tex]
[tex]cos\theta = 0.836[/tex]
Taking the inverse cosine, we get:
[tex]\theta = 32.2\;degrees[/tex]
Therefore, the contact angle between the mercury and the glass is 32.2 degrees.
In the case of a glass capillary of diameter nil, the contact angle would depend on the specific glass material and its surface properties. However, the equation and method used to calculate the contact angle would be the same.
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Complete question:
A capillary tube 2mm in diameter is immersed in a beaker of mercury. The mercury level inside the tube is found to be 0.5cm below the level of the reservoir. Determine the contact angle between the mercury and the glass. (T m=0.4N/m, Pm = 13.6 x 103kg/m3). iffin nil if a glass capillary of diameter.
Select the statement that is NOT true
the magnetic field lines always cross one another
the magnetic field lines have the same strength
magnetic field lines flow from north to south
magnetic field lines are concentrated at the poles
The statement that is NOT true is: "the magnetic field lines always cross one another."
What is the true statement?Magnetic field lines do not cross one other since they depict the direction of the magnetic field at every position in space. The crossing of two field lines would cause the magnetic field to have two opposite directions at the same spot, which is not possible.
The magnetic field's direction is determined by the orientation of the magnetic dipole moment at its source of starting.
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help on physics equations
[tex]7. C^{14} _{6} ======== e^{0} _{-1} + N^{14} _{7}[/tex]
[tex]8. Th^{234} _{90}======== C^{234} _{91} + e^{0} _{-1}[/tex]
[tex]9. Pa^{234} _{91} ========= U^{234} _{92} + e^{0} _{-1}[/tex]
[tex]10. H^{3} _{1} ======== \beta^{0} _{-1} + He^{3} _{2}[/tex]
[tex]11. Be^{9} _{4} + H^{1} _{1} ========= He^{4} _{2} + Li^{6} _{3}[/tex]
[tex]12 .C^{15} _{6} + n^{1} _{0} ======== C^{16} _{6}[/tex]
[tex]13. Al^{27} _{13} + H^{2} _{1} ======== He^{4} _{2} + mg^{25} _{12}[/tex]
[tex]14. Sc^{45} _{21} + n^{1} _{0} ========= K^{42} _{19} + He^{4} _{2}[/tex]
[tex]15. U^{233} _{92} =========== He^{4} _{2} + Th^{229} _{90}[/tex]
Nuclear reactions are balance.
One or more nuclides are created during nuclear reactions when two atomic nuclei or one atomic nucleus and a subatomic particle collide. The responding nuclei, also known as the parent nuclei, are not the same as the nuclides that result from nuclear reactions. Nuclear reaction is always balance.
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The lowest note on a piano is
27. 5 Hz. To fit inside the piano,
the string for the low note can't be
longer than 1. 20 m. If it takes the
full length, what is the speed of
the wave in the string?
(Unit = m/s)
The speed of the wave in the string if it takes the full length for the lowest note on a piano (27.5 Hz) is 33 m/s.
What is Wave?
A wave is a disturbance or variation that travels through a medium, transferring energy from one point to another without the overall movement of the medium itself. Waves can take many forms and occur in many different physical systems, such as water waves on the surface of a lake, sound waves traveling through the air, or electromagnetic waves (such as light) traveling through space.
This is much higher than the speed of sound in air (343 m/s at room temperature), which means that the wave travels through the string much faster than it would through the air. However, this speed is not the speed of the wave we are interested in, since it would only apply if the wave were traveling along an infinitely long string. In reality, the wave is confined to the length of the string, so its speed is lower.
To find the speed of the wave in the string, we need to consider the effect of the boundary conditions at the ends of the string. The ends of the string are fixed, which means that the wave must have a node at each end. This reduces the effective length of the string to (1/2)λ:
L' = (1/2)λ = (1/2)(2.40 m) = 1.20 m
Now we can calculate the speed of the wave in the string:
v = fλ = (27.5 Hz)(1.20 m) = 33 m/s
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identify the dependent and independent variable on the following scenario: a researcher is studying the effect of sleep on academic performance. Thanking that less sleep will lead to lower grades. She has some people sleep six hours per night. Some people sleep three hours per night, and some people sleep as much as they want she did monitors academic behavior during English math classes among participants.
In this scenario, the independent variable is the amount of sleep and the dependent variable is the academic performance in English and math classes.
In this research, a researcher is studying the effect of sleep on academic performance. She thinks that less sleep will lead to lower grades. Therefore, she has some people sleep six hours per night. Some people sleep three hours per night, and some people sleep as much as they want.
She then monitors academic behavior during English math classes among participants.
The independent variable here is the amount of sleep that the participants get each night. It is the variable that is being manipulated or changed by the researcher.
The researcher is interested in studying the effect of different amounts of sleep on academic performance. Therefore, the amount of sleep is the independent variable.
The dependent variable is the academic performance of the participants in English and math classes. It is the variable that is being measured by the researcher. The researcher wants to know how different amounts of sleep affect academic performance.
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The andromeda galaxy, m31, is in many ways similar to our own galaxy but slightly larger. the linear diameter of the andromeda galaxy along its longest axis is 140,000 light-years, but from our perspective, the andromeda galaxy has a maximum angular diameter of 3.18°. how far away is the andromeda galaxy?
The Andromeda Galaxy distance is approximately 2.52 million light-years away from us.
The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is indeed similar to our own Milky Way galaxy, but slightly larger with a linear diameter of 140,000 light-years along its longest axis. To determine its distance from us, we can use the angular diameter, which is 3.18°.
We can use the small-angle formula to find the distance. This formula relates the angular diameter (in radians), the actual diameter, and the distance between the observer and the object:
angular diameter (radians) ≈ actual diameter / distance
First, we need to convert the angular diameter from degrees to radians:
3.18° * (π radians / 180°) ≈ 0.0555 radians
Now, plug in the values into the small-angle formula:
0.0555 radians ≈ 140,000 light-years / distance
To solve for the distance, divide both sides of the equation by 0.0555 radians:
distance ≈ 140,000 light-years / 0.0555 radians
distance ≈ 2,522,522 light-years
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Objects labeled A, B, and C all have the same distance from each other. The gravitational attraction between objects A and B is less than the attraction between objects B and C. The attraction between objects A and C is less than the attraction between the other two sets of objects. What is the relationship between the masses of objects A, B, and C? Choose the correct answer. The mass of object A equals the mass of object C. The mass of object A equals the mass of object C. The mass of object A equals the mass of object B. The mass of object A equals the mass of object B. The mass of A is less than C, which is less than B. The mass of A is less than C, which is less than B. The mass of C is greater than B, which is greater than A
The correct answer is: The mass of A is less than C, which is less than B, where all have the same distance from each other. The gravitational attraction between objects A and B is less than the attraction between objects B and C. The attraction between objects A and C is less than the attraction between the other two sets of objects.
To understand the relationship between the masses of objects A, B, and C, we need to consider the gravitational attraction between them. According to the given information:
1. Gravitational attraction between A and B is less than the attraction between B and C.
2. Gravitational attraction between A and C is less than the attraction between the other two sets of objects (A&B, B&C).
Based on these facts, we can deduce the relationship between the masses of objects A, B, and C. The gravitational force between two objects is determined by their masses and the distance between them, as given by Newton's law of universal gravitation:
F = G * (m1 * m2) / r²
Since the distance between all objects is the same, the gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of their masses. From the given information, we can determine the following:
- The product of masses A and B is less than the product of masses B and C.
- The product of masses A and C is less than the product of masses A and B, and the product of masses B and C.
Considering these relationships, we can conclude that the mass of A is less than C, which is less than B. Therefore, the correct answer is: The mass of A is less than C, which is less than B.
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Jose conducted an experiment to measure the rate of minerals dissolving in water and changed the temperature of the water for each trial.
What is the independent variable in this experiment?
A: number of trials being tested
B: temperature of the water
C: type of minerals used for each trial
D: rate the minerals dissolved
Answer: B. Temperature of water
Explanation:
An independent variable is "the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment or a mathematical or statistical model" and "It is the variable that the researcher chooses and that may affect the dependent variable"
The Temperature of the water is only affected by Jose thus it is a independent variable
Kindly explain newton's formula for the speed of sound
Newton's formula for the speed of sound (c) is c = √(K/ρ)
Newton's formula for the speed of sound is an early theoretical prediction of the speed of sound in a medium. The formula includes the following terms:
1. Bulk modulus (K): A measure of a material's resistance to compression.
2. Density (ρ): The mass of a substance per unit volume.
Newton's formula for the speed of sound (c) is given by:
c = √(K/ρ)
This equation suggests that the speed of sound in a medium is dependent on the medium's bulk modulus and density.
The higher the bulk modulus and lower the density, the faster the speed of sound in that medium. However, this formula didn't account for adiabatic processes and was later refined by Laplace.
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The US Constitution empowers to declare war on a foreign nation. The is responsible for planning and executing the nation’s military policies
The statement "The US Constitution empowers to declare war on a foreign nation. The is responsible for planning and executing the nation’s military policies" is true.
The US Constitution grants the power to declare war on foreign nations to Congress, specifically in Article I, Section 8, Clause 11. Additionally, the President, as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, is responsible for planning and executing the nation's military policies.
The War Powers Act of 1973 requires the President to consult with Congress before introducing U.S. armed forces into hostilities or imminent hostilities, and to withdraw forces after 60 days unless Congress authorizes a longer period.
However, the interpretation of this law has been subject to debate and controversy, particularly in cases where military action has been taken without explicit congressional approval.
In summary, the US Constitution grants Congress the power to declare war on foreign nations, while the President, as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, is responsible for planning and executing the nation's military policies. The War Powers Act of 1973 sets certain limits on the President's use of military force, although its interpretation has been contested.
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Complete Question:
The US Constitution empowers to declare war on a foreign nation. The is responsible for planning and executing the nation’s military policies. True or False.
As the color of light changes from red to yellow, the
frequency of the light
Answer:
As the color of light changes from red to yellow, the frequency of the light increases.
Explanation:
Red light has the longest wavelength and the lowest frequency among visible light, while yellow light has a shorter wavelength and a higher frequency.
The relationship between the frequency and the wavelength of light is given by the equation:
c = λν
where c is the speed of light, λ is the wavelength of light, and ν is the frequency of light.
Since the speed of light is constant in a vacuum, if the wavelength of light decreases as the color changes from red to yellow, then the frequency must increase. This means that yellow light has a higher frequency than red light.
A particle (q = -4. 0 C, m = 5. 0 mg) moves in a uniform magnetic with a velocity having a magnitude of 2. 0 km/s. And a direction that is 50° away from that of the magnetic field. The particle is observed to have an acceleration with a magnitude of 5. 8 m/s2. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field?
The area of contact between each tire and the ground is[tex]0.000562 m^2.[/tex]
The total weight supported by the ground is the sum of the weight of the rider and the bike:
W_total = 715 N + 98 N = 813 N
Since the weight is supported equally by the two tires, each tire supports half of the total weight:
W_per_tire = W_total / 2 = 406.5 N
The pressure in each tire is given as gauge pressure, which is the pressure above atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the absolute pressure in each tire is:
P_abs = P_gauge + P_atm
where P_atm is the atmospheric pressure, which we assume to be[tex]1.01* 10^5 Pa[/tex] (standard atmospheric pressure at sea level).
So, the absolute pressure in each tire is:
[tex]P_abs = 6.20 * 10^5 Pa + 1.01 *10^5 Pa = 7.21 *10^5 Pa[/tex]
The area of contact between each tire and the ground can be calculated using the equation:
F = P × A
where F is the force on the tire, P is the pressure, and A is the area of contact.
For each tire, we can write:
W_per_tire = P × A
Solving for A, we get:
A = W_per_tire / P
Plugging in the values we know, we get:
[tex]A = 406.5 N / 7.21 *10^5 Pa = 0.000562 m^2[/tex]
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The sensing method that reflects pulsed radar waves off features below the surface is called.
In addition to the acromion process, there is another part of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle. It is called the lateral end of the clavicle. The lateral end of the clavicle forms a joint called the sternoclavicular joint with the medial end of the clavicle. This joint connects the clavicle to the sternum and allows for movement and stability of the shoulder girdle.
The sensing method that reflects pulsed radar waves off features below the surface is called Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR). GPR is a geophysical technique that uses radar pulses to detect and map subsurface structures, objects, and materials. It works by emitting short pulses of electromagnetic energy into the ground or other materials and measuring the reflected signals. The reflections from subsurface features can provide information about changes in material properties, such as variations in composition, density, and moisture content. GPR is commonly used in various fields, including archaeology, geology, civil engineering, and utility detection.
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A satellite of mass 20 kg is in orbit around the Earth. At the height of the satellite’s orbit, the gravitational field strength is one quarter of its strength on the surface of the Earth. The gravitational field strength on the surface of the Earth is 10 N/ kg. What is the weight of the satellite as it orbits the Earth?
The weight of a satellite of mass 20 kg in orbit around the Earth, where the gravitational field strength is one-quarter of its value on the surface of the Earth, is 50 N.
The weight of the satellite is given by the formula W = mg, where m is the mass of the satellite and g is the gravitational field strength at its position.
Since the gravitational field strength at the height of the satellite’s orbit is one quarter of its value on the surface of the Earth, we have
g = (1/4) x 10 N/kg = 2.5 N/kg.
Substituting the given values, we get W = 20 kg x 2.5 N/kg = 50 N.
The weight of the satellite is the gravitational force that acts on it due to the Earth’s gravitational field. This force depends on the mass of the satellite and the gravitational field strength at its position. The gravitational field strength varies with the distance from the Earth’s center, and it decreases as the distance increases.
The weight of the satellite is less than its mass because it is in freefall around the Earth, and it experiences a centripetal force due to the gravitational attraction of the Earth. This centripetal force exactly balances the gravitational force, so the satellite remains in orbit.
In summary, the weight of a satellite of mass 20 kg in orbit around the Earth, where the gravitational field strength is one-quarter of its value on the surface of the Earth, is 50 N.
The weight of the satellite depends on its mass and the gravitational field strength at its position, and it is less than its mass because of the centripetal force that balances the gravitational force and keeps the satellite in orbit.
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(c)Light is incident in a glass material which is to be used to construct a fibre optic cable. If the critical angle is 25°,what is the refractive index?
The refractive index of the glass material is approximately 1.4226.
To calculate the refractive index of the glass material for the fiber optic cable, you can use Snell's Law and the definition of the critical angle. The critical angle (θc) is the angle of incidence at which the angle of refraction is 90°. In this case, the critical angle is 25°.
Snell's Law: n1 * sin(θ1) = n2 * sin(θ2)
For the critical angle, θ1 = 25°, and θ2 = 90°. The refractive index of air (n1) is approximately 1.
Applying Snell's Law: 1 * sin(25°) = n2 * sin(90°)
Solving for the refractive index (n2) of the glass material:
n2 = sin(25°) / sin(90°)
n2 ≈ 0.4226 / 1
n2 ≈ 1.4226
The refractive index of the glass material is approximately 1.4226.
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suppose you stand on a swing instead of sitting on it will your frequency of oscillation increase or decrease
If you stand on a swing instead of sitting on it, the frequency of oscillation will decrease.
Frequency of oscillationsThe frequency of oscillation of a swing depends on its length and acceleration due to gravity. The longer the swing, the slower it oscillates, and the shorter the swing, the faster it oscillates. The acceleration due to gravity provides the restoring force that pulls the swing back toward its equilibrium position.
When you stand on a swing instead of sitting on it, you effectively shorten the length of the swing. This is because your center of mass is higher up on the swing, which reduces the length of the pendulum from the pivot point to your center of mass. A shorter pendulum has a higher frequency of oscillation than a longer pendulum, so the frequency of oscillation of the swing will increase.
However, when you stand on a swing, you also make it harder for the swing to move. This is because your legs are now acting as shock absorbers, and they absorb some of the energy that would otherwise be used to swing the swing. This makes it harder for the swing to oscillate, which reduces the frequency of oscillation.
The net effect of these two factors is that the frequency of oscillation of the swing decreases when you stand on it instead of sitting on it.
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at steady-state, what is the frequency of (displacement) of the mass-spring-damper and will this frequency be in phase with the sinusoidal driving force? explain how you arrived at your answer
The frequency of displacement of a mass-spring-damper system under sinusoidal driving force is equal to the driving force frequency and in phase with it at steady state.
In a mass-spring-damper system driven by a sinusoidal force, the system will reach a steady-state where the amplitude of the displacement oscillations will remain constant. The frequency of this displacement will be equal to the frequency of the driving force.
Whether the frequency of displacement will be in phase with the driving force depends on the damping ratio of the system. If the damping ratio is zero (i.e. the system is undamped), the displacement frequency will be in phase with the driving force. However, if the system is damped, the displacement frequency will lag behind the driving force frequency.
This is because damping causes energy to be dissipated from the system, resulting in a reduction in the amplitude of the displacement oscillations. As a result, the displacement frequency will be slightly lower than the driving force frequency, and the displacement will lag behind the driving force. The amount of lag will depend on the damping ratio of the system.
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--The complete question is, In a mass-spring-damper system, a sinusoidal driving force is applied. At steady-state, what is the frequency of displacement of the system and will this frequency be in phase with the driving force? Provide an explanation for your answer--
A 0.500-kg glider, attached to the end of an ideal spring with force constant k = 450
n/m, undergoes shm with an amplitude of 0.040 m. compute (a) the maximum speed
of the glider; (b) the speed of the glider when it is at x = -0.015 m; (c) the magnitude of
the maximum acceleration of the glider; (d) the acceleration of the glider at x = -0.015
m; (e) the total mechanical energy of the glider at any point in its motion
The motion of a 0.500-kg glider attached to an ideal spring with a force constant of k=450m can be analyzed in terms of mechanical energy. Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy, and is conserved in a closed system with no external forces acting on it.
As the glider moves back and forth on the spring, its kinetic energy varies with its speed and its potential energy varies with its position. At any point in its motion, the total mechanical energy of the glider is equal to the sum of its kinetic and potential energy.
At the maximum compression of the spring, the glider has zero velocity and maximum potential energy. As it moves away from this point, the spring begins to expand and the glider begins to move faster, converting potential energy into kinetic energy. At the point where the spring is fully extended, the glider has maximum velocity and zero potential energy.
As the glider continues to move back towards the spring's rest position, it begins to slow down and convert kinetic energy back into potential energy. At the point of maximum compression again, the glider has zero velocity and maximum potential energy once more.
Throughout its motion, the total mechanical energy of the glider remains constant, as there are no external forces acting on the system. This means that the sum of the kinetic and potential energy at any point in its motion is equal to the total mechanical energy of the system.
In summary, the mechanical energy of a glider attached to an ideal spring can be analyzed at any point in its motion by considering the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy and vice versa. The total mechanical energy of the system is constant throughout its motion, making it a useful tool for analyzing the behavior of the glider on the spring.
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two skaters on a frictionless pond push apart from one another. one skater has a mass of 80 kg and the other a mass of 60 kg. after some time the two skaters are a distance 10 m apart. how far has the lighter skater moved from her original position?
The lighter skater has moved 10 meters in the opposite direction from the heavier skater.
The skaters are initially at rest on the frictionless pond, so the total momentum of the system is zero. When they push away from each other, their momenta change, but the total momentum of the system remains zero. This is known as the conservation of momentum. Let's denote the initial position of the lighter skater as x1 and the final position as x2. The heavier skater moves in the opposite direction, so their final position is x2 + 10 m.
Using the conservation of momentum, we can write:
(m1)(v1) + (m2)(v2) = 0
where m1 and m2 are the masses of the skaters, and v1 and v2 are their velocities. Since the skaters were initially at rest, we have v1 = 0. Solving for v2, we get:
v2 = -(m1/m2) * v1 = 0
So the final velocity of the skaters is zero. The distance traveled by the lighter skater is equal to the distance between their initial and final positions, which is:
x2 - x1 = -10 m
As a result, the lighter skater has travelled 10 meters opposite the heavier skater.
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A new planet called "Corus" was discovered by a team of astronomers that
is 60 x 106 km away from Earth. A satellite was launched by a rocket from
Earth to reach Corus. At a specific distance from Corus, the rocket releases
the satellite to the orbit of the planet. The satellite makes one complete
revolution around Corus in 15 Earth days. If Corus has a similar mass to
Mars, propose a suitable mass of the satellite and estimate:
i.
ii.
Distance between the satellite and the Corus's surface
Satellite's gravitational acceleration towards the core of Corus
Gravitational force between the satellite and the Corus
Minimum speed of the satellite to orbit Corus
iv.
Because the planet is so far away from Earth, we will assume that it has no effect on Corus. The satellite radius will be 121943.5927 km.
The mass of the Corus is precisely equivalent to the mass of the Mars, we take it M. We see that the rocket makes a total rotation about the planet in only 15 days, so we expect that the rocket was spinning all over the world about a radius r. In this way, the satellite will move with at his range in the wake of detaching from the rocket.
We know T = 2πr/v
mv²/ r = GMm/r ²
where m = mass of satellite
r = GMm/ mv² = GM /v²
r = GMT²/ 4 π²r² , putting the value of v
r³ = (GM / 4 π²r²) T²
r³ = ( GM / 4π² ) ¹/³ T²/³
G = 6.67 × 10 ⁻¹¹
M = 6.39 × 10 ²³ kg
T = 1296000
r = 10258.621 × 11886.94
r = 121943.5927 km
gravitational acceleration towards the core of corner = GM/ r²
a = 6.67 × 10 ⁻¹¹ ×6.39 ×10 ²³/ (121943592.7) ²
a = 2.89 × 10 ⁻³ m/s²
force between satellite and the Corus =mass of the satellite × acceleration of the satellite
iv) minimum speed = [GM/r(1+e)]¹/² e is the eccentricity of the satellite
How does gravitational acceleration work?Gravitational speed increase is portrayed as the article getting a speed increase because of the power of gravity following up on it. It is measured in m/s2, and its symbol is g. Gravitational acceleration is a vector quantity with a magnitude and a direction.
What does "gravitational" mean?The universe is governed by a force known as gravity, also referred to as gravitation. For any two items or particles having nonzero mass, the power of gravity will in general draw in them toward one another. Everything from subatomic particles to galaxies in a cluster is affected by gravity.
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A 1. 5\,\text {kg}1. 5kg1, point, 5, start text, k, g, end text mass attached to an ideal spring oscillates horizontally with an amplitude of 0. 50\,\text m0. 50m0, point, 50, start text, m, end text. the spring constant is 85\,\dfrac{\text n}{\text m}85 m n 85, start fraction, start text, n, end text, divided by, start text, m, end text, end fraction
This scenario represents a simple harmonic motion with a specific period, frequency, maximum velocity and acceleration.
The given scenario describes a mass oscillating horizontally attached to an ideal spring with a spring constant of 85 N/m and an amplitude of 0.50 m. The ideal spring is assumed to have no mass, damping or friction, and therefore it is a simple harmonic oscillator.
The period of oscillation is calculated as T = 2π√(m/k)
where m is the mass and k is the spring constant.
Substituting the given values, we get T = 2π√(1.5/85) = 0.449 s.
The frequency of oscillation is f = 1/T = 2.23 Hz.
The maximum velocity of the mass can be found using the equation vmax = Aω,
where A is the amplitude and ω is the angular frequency.
Substituting the given values, we get vmax = 0.50 × √(k/m) = 0.50 × √(85/1.5) = 5.06 m/s.
The maximum acceleration of the mass can be found using the equation amax = Aω^2 = 0.50 × (2πf)^2 = 7.96 m/s^2.
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What is the tension in the string when the meterstick is vertical?.
Assuming that the meterstick is in equilibrium, the sum of the forces acting on it must be zero. At the top of the meterstick, the tension in the string is pulling upward with a force of T, while the weight of the meterstick is pulling downward with a force of mg, where m is the mass of the meterstick and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Since the meterstick is vertical, the weight is acting straight down and the tension is acting at an angle of 90 degrees. Therefore, we can use the following equation to find the tension:
T = mg/cosθ
where θ is the angle between the string and the meterstick (which is 90 degrees in this case). Plugging in the values given:
T = (0.5 kg)(9.8 m/s^2)/cos(90°) = 0 N
Therefore, the tension in the string when the meterstick is vertical is 0 N.
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A bat is using echolocation in a cave that is 15. 5 degrees Celsius.
a. What is the speed of sound in the cave?
b. If one of the cave walls was 25m away from the bat, how long would it take for the sound’s echo to return to the bat?
The speed of sound in air at 15.5°C is approximately 340.3 m/s. Using this value, we can calculate the time it takes for the sound's echo to return to the bat from a distance of 25m, which is approximately 0.147 seconds.
a. The speed of sound in air depends on temperature, pressure, and humidity. At 15.5°C, the speed of sound in air is approximately 340.3 m/s. This value is an approximation since the speed of sound can vary based on other factors such as humidity and atmospheric pressure.
b. To calculate the time it takes for the sound's echo to return to the bat, we can use the formula: time = distance/speed. The distance between the bat and the cave wall is given as 25m.
The sound travels from the bat to the wall and back to the bat, so the total distance traveled by the sound is 2*25m = 50m. Using the speed of sound in air, we can calculate the time it takes for the sound to travel this distance:
time = distance / speed
time = 50m / 340.3 m/s = 0.147 seconds
Therefore, it takes approximately 0.147 seconds for the sound's echo to return to the bat.
In summary, the speed of sound in air at 15.5°C is approximately 340.3 m/s. Using this value, we can calculate the time it takes for the sound's echo to return to the bat from a distance of 25m, which is approximately 0.147 seconds.
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Tug-of-War During a tug-of-war, team A does 2. 20x105] of work in pulling team B 8. 00 m. What average force did team A exert?
The average force exerted by team A during the tug-of-war is approximately 27500 N.
To find the average force exerted by team A during the tug-of-war, we can use the formula:
Work (W) = Force (F) × Distance (d) × cos(θ)
Given:
Work done by team A (W) = 2.20 × [tex]10^5[/tex] J
Distance (d) = 8.00 m
The angle (θ) between the force and the displacement is not provided. Assuming the force is applied parallel to the displacement, cos(θ) = 1.
Using the formula above, we can rearrange it to solve for force (F):
F = W / (d × cos(θ))
Since cos(θ) = 1, we can simplify the equation to:
F = W / d
Substituting the given values:
F = (2.20 × [tex]10^5[/tex] J) / (8.00 m)
F ≈ 27500 N
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13. If PE + KE; = PE, + KE;, why do problems involving mechanical energy fail to meet his rule with an exact answer?
The reason why problems involving mechanical energy fail to meet this rule with an exact answer is because mechanical energy is not a conserved quantity in real-world situations.
The law of conservation of mechanical energy states that the total mechanical energy of a closed system, which includes both potential energy(PE) and kinetic energy(KE), remains constant as long as no external forces act on the system.
In an ideal situation, where there is no friction or other external forces acting on the system, the total mechanical energy would remain constant. However, in most real-world situations, there are always external forces present, such as air resistance or friction, that cause some of the mechanical energy to be lost or converted into other forms of energy such as heat or sound. Therefore, it is impossible to have an exact answer when dealing with mechanical energy problems in real-world situations.
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8. Parts of transformer usually made of plastic materials,used to support the primary and
A. Bobbin B. Core C. Primary Winding D. Secondary Winding
The part of a transformer that is usually made of plastic materials and used to support the primary and secondary windings is A. Bobbin.
Here are some key points to elaborate on the role of the bobbin in a transformer:
Structural Support: The primary and secondary windings of a transformer consist of multiple turns of conductive wire. The bobbin provides structural support by holding the windings in place and preventing them from moving or coming into contact with each other.
This helps maintain the integrity and alignment of the windings.
Electrical Isolation: Since the bobbin is made of an insulating material such as plastic, it provides electrical isolation between the primary and secondary windings.
This insulation is essential to prevent short circuits and ensure that the electrical energy is properly transferred between the windings.
Coil Formation: The bobbin is designed with specific slots or grooves to accommodate the primary and secondary windings.
These slots allow for the organized and precise arrangement of the wire coils, ensuring that the winding turns are evenly distributed and properly spaced.
Heat Dissipation: Transformers generate heat during operation due to electrical losses. The bobbin, being made of an insulating material, helps in the thermal insulation of the windings.
It prevents the heat generated by the windings from directly transferring to the surrounding components or the transformer core.
Size and Shape: The bobbin is typically designed to fit the specific size and shape requirements of the transformer. It can vary in size and shape depending on the transformer's power rating, voltage level, and application.
The design of the bobbin ensures that it can securely hold the windings while optimizing the overall size and efficiency of the transformer.
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